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trivia_qa_1505823
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the symbol for the chemical element copper?",
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"content": "Chemical Elements.com - Copper (Cu) Information about the history, usage, and mining of copper If you know of any other links for Copper, please let me know Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Copper. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cu.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.",
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trivia_qa_1505824
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which year did Tom Hanks fall in love with a mermaid in the film Splash?",
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"content": "Splash (1984) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A young man is reunited with a mermaid who saves him from drowning as a boy and falls in love not knowing who/what she is. Director: From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC a list of 37 titles created 25 Dec 2012 a list of 27 titles created 14 May 2013 a list of 35 titles created 24 May 2014 a list of 33 titles created 11 months ago a list of 31 titles created 1 month ago Search for \" Splash \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Oscar. Another 2 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards » Photos A detective must adopt the dog of a dead man to help him find the murderer. Director: Roger Spottiswoode A young couple struggles to repair a hopelessly dilapidated house. Director: Richard Benjamin A soon-to-be-married man's friends throw him the ultimate bachelor party. Director: Neal Israel Two sisters join the first female professional baseball league and struggle to help it succeed amidst their own growing rivalry. Director: Penny Marshall The equally-straight-laced and \"by the book\" nephew of Joe Friday must work with his more laid-back partner to solve a mystery. Director: Tom Mankiewicz A man picked randomly out of a crowd is made the target of CIA survelliance and pursuit. Director: Stan Dragoti When a hypochondriac learns that he is dying, he accepts an offer to throw himself in a volcano at a tropical island, and along the way there, learns to truly live. Director: John Patrick Shanley A recently widowed man's son calls a radio talk-show in an attempt to find his father a partner. Director: Nora Ephron Lawrence is a rich kid with a bad accent and a large debt. After his father refuses to help him out, Lawrence escapes his angry debtors by jumping on a Peace Corp flight to Southeast Asia, ... See full summary » Director: Nicholas Meyer An overstressed suburbanite and two of his neighbors struggle to prove their paranoid theory that the new family on the block are part of a murderous cult. Director: Joe Dante When a group of trespassing seniors swim in a pool containing alien cocoons, they find themselves energized with youthful vigour. Director: Ron Howard NASA must devise a strategy to return Apollo 13 to Earth safely after the spacecraft undergoes massive internal damage putting the lives of the three astronauts on board in jeopardy. Director: Ron Howard Edit Storyline Allen Bauer is rescued from drowning as a young boy off Cape Cod by a young mermaid. Years later, he returns to the same location, and once again manages to fall into the sea, and is rescued once more by the mermaid (Allen isn't sure what he has seen and what he has imagined). Using maps from a sunken ship, the mermaid decides to search for Allen in New York City, sprouting legs when her tail dries. On finding Allen, they fall in love, but she has a secret, which will no longer be a secret if she gets her legs wet. Written by Rob Hartill Allen Bauer thought he'd never find the right woman... he was only half wrong! See more » Genres: 9 March 1984 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Splash: Jungfrau am Haken See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia Before Tom Hanks accepted the role of Allen Bauer, it had already been turned down by Chevy Chase , Bill Murray , Dudley Moore , John Travolta and Michael Keaton . Travolta passed on the advice of his agent. See more » Goofs When Madison is in front of the televisions at Bloomingdale's, Allen asks what her name is. She replies in loud, screeching tones, shattering the televisions. When one television's screen breaks, its screen is clearly made of cardboard, not glass. It also shows the circuitry behind the picture tube, not the tube itself. See more » Quotes Mary Bauer : Ralph, talk to him. [Ralph smac",
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trivia_qa_1505825
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What tourist facility, occupying more than 85 acres, opened in Anaheim, California, in 1955?",
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{
"content": "Learn and talk about Anaheim, California, 1857 establishments in California, 1876 establishments in California, Anaheim, California, Cities in Orange County, California .net Anaheim (pronounced /ˈænəhaɪm/ ) is a city in Orange County, California , part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area . As of the 2010 United States Census , the city had a population of 336,265, making it the most populous city in Orange County and the 10th most populous city in California. [14] Anaheim is the second largest city in Orange County in terms of land area (after Irvine ) and is known for its theme parks , sports teams, and convention center . Anaheim was founded by fifty German families in 1857 and incorporated as the second city in Los Angeles County on March 18, 1876. [2] The city developed into an industrial center, producing electronics , aircraft parts and canned fruit. It is the site of the Disneyland Resort , a world-famous grouping of theme parks and hotels which opened in 1955, Angel Stadium of Anaheim , Honda Center and the Anaheim Convention Center . Anaheim's city limits extend from Cypress in the west to the Riverside County line in the east and encompass a diverse collection of neighborhoods and communities. Anaheim Hills is a master-planned community located in the city's eastern stretches that is home to many of the city's affluent.[ citation needed ] Downtown Anaheim has three mixed-use historic districts, the largest of which is the Anaheim Colony. The Anaheim Resort , a commercial district, includes Disneyland , Disney California Adventure , and numerous hotels and retail complexes. The Platinum Triangle , a neo-urban redevelopment district surrounding Angel Stadium, is planned to be populated with mixed-use streets and high-rises. Finally, Anaheim Canyon is an industrial district north of SR 91 and east of SR 57 . Contents See also: Timeline of Anaheim, California Anaheim in 1879 Anaheim's name is a blend of \"Ana\", after the nearby Santa Ana River , and heim, a common Germanic place name compound originally meaning \"home\". [15] The city of Anaheim was founded in 1857 by 50 German-Americans who were residents of San Francisco [16] and whose families had originated in Rothenburg ob der Tauber , Franconia in Bavaria.[ citation needed ] After traveling through the state looking for a suitable area to grow grapes, the group decided to purchase a 1,165 acres (4.71 km2) parcel from Juan Pacifico Ontiveros' large Rancho San Juan Cajon de Santa Ana in present-day Orange County for $2 per acre. [16] For $750 a share, the group formed the Anaheim Vineyard Company. [16] Their new community was named Annaheim, meaning \"home by the Santa Anna River\" in German. [16] The name later was altered to Anaheim. To the Spanish-speaking neighbors, the settlement was known as Campo Alemán (English: German Field). Anaheim in 1890 Although grape and wine-making was their primary objective, the majority of the 50 settlers were mechanics, carpenters and craftsmen with no experience in wine-making. [16] The community set aside 40 acres (16 ha) for a town center and a school was the first building erected there. [16] The first home was built in 1857, the Anaheim Gazette newspaper was established in 1870 and a hotel in 1871. For 25 years, the area was the largest wine producer in California. [16] However, in 1884, a disease infected the grape vines and by the following year the entire industry was destroyed. Other crops – walnuts, lemons and oranges – soon filled the void. Fruits and vegetables had become viable cash crops when the Los Angeles – Orange County region was connected to the continental railroad network in 1887. Anaheim High School, c.1900 The famous Polish actress Helena Modjeska settled in Anaheim with her husband and various friends, among them Henryk Sienkiewicz , Julian Sypniewski and Łucjan Paprocki. While living in Anaheim, Helena Modjeska became good friends with Clementine Langenberger, the second wife of August Langenberger. [17] Helena Street [18] and Clementine Street [18] are named after these two ladies, and the streets are",
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trivia_qa_1505826
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which European sports stadium is named after a World War One flying ace?",
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"content": "Roland Garros, the aviator the world mistakes for a tennis champion - France 24 Roland Garros, the aviator the world mistakes for a tennis champion Text by Stéphanie TROUILLARD Latest update : 2015-06-07 Throughout the world, Roland Garros is synonymous with tennis. But few people know the home of the French Open was named after a legendary aviator who pioneered fighter combat during World War I. Each year in June, tennis fans around the world have their eyes set on the clay courts of Roland Garros . Yet few of them will know what – or who – those two words stand for. “Visitors often think he was a great champion from the past or a senior tennis official,” says Michaël Guittard, the French Open’s museum curator. “When they discover his story, they are usually very surprised.” Eugène Adrien Roland Georges Garros, better known as Roland Garros, was certainly a sports buff. But he never picked up a single tennis medal. His passion was flying. He was one of the finest pilots of his generation, and one of the many tragic victims of World War I . When war broke out in the summer of 1914 Garros was already a celebrity in the budding world of aviation. “He was a pioneer, certainly one of the very best to have vanquished the Mediterranean,” says Guitard, referring to the Frenchman’s successful crossing from France to Tunisia on September 23, 1913 – the first in history. The world’s first fighter pilot Garros was exempt from the draft but decided to enroll anyway, convinced that airborne warfare would have a major role to play. He took part in reconnaissance missions and bombings, but was frustrated by technological limitations. “At the time there was one pilot steering the aircraft and a second at the back who carried a gun and tried to fire at enemy planes,” says Guittard. “Chances of a hit were minimal.” Roland Garros poses in front of a Demoiselle B.C. aircraft in 1910. © Wikimedia Building on research by engineer Raymond Saulnier, Garros helped devise a synchronization system that enabled pilots to shoot through a plane’s propellers without hitting the blades. By April 1915 his aircraft was equipped with the system and the French pilot rapidly scored three victories over the German air force, earning a commendation for bravery. Guittard describes him as “the first fighter pilot in history”. His success came to an abrupt end on April 18 when he was forced to crash-land his plane on the German side of the lines. “We still don’t know whether it was a mechanical failure or an enemy hit that forced him to land,” says Guittard. “He tried to set fire to the plane to hide its secrets and went into hiding, but was caught by the Germans.” Garros failed to destroy the aircraft and a young Dutch engineer, Anthony Fokker, was soon at work on an improved synchronization system, which was fitted onto German planes. “From then on Europe’s skies were German,” says Guittard. Fokker’s planes began shooting down French and British aircraft, in what was known as the “Fokker Scourge”. Great escape Meanwhile, Garros was busy plotting his escape from a German POW camp. He managed to send coded messages back to France and arranged for the delivery of two tennis rackets with hollow handles, containing a map of Germany and a felt hat with which he hoped to escape unseen. Roland Garros (right) and Anselme Marchal (left) during their captivity in Germany. © December 1, 1918 issue of \"La Vie au grand air\" He got his break after meeting fellow pilot Anselme Marchal at the Scharnhorst camp in Magdeburg, in eastern Germany. Marchal spoke perfect German and in February 1918 the two were able to trick the guards by donning German officer uniforms, which they’d made in secret. “It was nothing short of an adventure movie,” says Guitard, charting their escape from Germany. “They slept in a cemetery, spent an afternoon in a cinema, blended into the crowd, and finally, after numerous attempts, made it through the Netherlands, on to London, and finally back to Paris, where they were treated to a hero’s welcome.” Garros was greeted in person",
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trivia_qa_1505827
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The June 3, 1888 edition of the San Francisco Examiner included a baseball poem by Ernest Thayer, which featured the exploits of what member of the Mudville Nine?",
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"content": "Casey at the Bat - Exodus Books Casey at the Bat 1st Edition, ©2000, ISBN: 9781929766000 Hardcover, 32 pages Price: $18.99 \"And somewhere men are laughing, and somewhere children shout; But there is no joy in Mudville—mighty Casey has struck out.\" Those lines have echoed through the decades, the final stanza of a poem published pseudonymously in the June 3, 1888, issue of the San Francisco Examiner. Its author would rather have seen it forgotten. Instead, Ernest Thayer's poem has taken a well-deserved place as an enduring icon of Americana. Christopher Bing's magnificent version of this immortal ballad of the flailing 19th-century baseball star is rendered as though it had been newly discovered in a hundred-year-old scrapbook. Bing seamlessly weaves real and trompe l'oeil reproductions of artifacts-period baseball cards, tickets, advertisements, and a host of other memorabilia into the narrative to present a rich and multifaceted panorama of a bygone era. A book to be pored over by children, treasured by aficionados of the sport-and given as a gift to all ages: a tragi-comic celebration of heroism and of a golden era of sport. This edition deserves the Caldecott Honor it received in 2001 and is our favorite version in-print. Did you find this review helpful? Exodus Rating:",
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trivia_qa_1505828
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"On what river do Oxford and Cambridge compete in a \"\"Boat Race\"\"?\"",
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{
"content": "Oxford beat Cambridge to win the Boat Race | Daily Mail Online comments Oxford dominated Cambridge in a historic Boat Race as both men and women competed on the same course for the first time. Female crews representing Oxford and Cambridge universities rowed the same stretch of the River Thames in London as the men for the first time in the 87 years they have competed. Oxford claimed their fourth win in five years in a supreme show of strength in the 161st men's boat race. President Constantine Louloudis claimed a fourth and final boat race victory for the Dark Blues, completing a clean sweep only interrupted by claiming bronze with Team GB's men's eight at London 2012. Scroll down for video Oxford dominated Cambridge in the men's Boat Race today, claiming a third consecutive victory in a row Oxford's men (from left) cox Will Hakim, Constantine Louloudis, Sam O'Connor, Michael Disanto, Jamie Cook, Tom Swartz, Henry Goodier , James O'Connor and stroke Will Geffen celebrate victory The Oxford men's crew celebrate after winning the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge today Oxford claimed their fourth win in five years in a supreme show of strength in the 161st men's boat race Cambridge's Henry Hoffstot (centre) reacts after losing the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge today The Oxford men's team triumphed over Cambridge to win the Boat Race on a historic day for the event After Oxford's women breezed past Cambridge on their historic first battle on The Tideway course, their male counterparts made it a Dark Blue double with victory by six-and-a-half lengths. Louloudis hailed the victory, admitting he felt far more pressure than ever before, despite boasting three previous wins. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share 'I felt much more pressure this year, especially as I was leaving the guys,' he told BBC Sport. 'There were some pretty dark moments going in but I'm so pleased for the guys. 'We just stuck to our plan and executed a really good race.' Oxford University's men's team celebrate their third consecutive Boat Race victory this afternoon Oxford University president Constantine Louloudis now has four Boat Race victories under his belt Oxford University's female rowing team made history by winning the race and competing on the same day as the men for the first time The Oxford Women's Boat Race crew pose on the tideway ahead of the historic Newton Women's Boat Race Kiwi brothers Sam and James O'Connor shared a fine family moment, pairing up for the comfortable victory. Sam O'Connor admitted claiming his second boat race victory was as pleasing as the first. 'It's great, you never get sick of this, it's such a good feeling,' he told BBC Sport. 'And to do it with James, it's such a special moment.' The Oxford women's team also dominated their race, leading from the early stages, along the 6,800-metre route and finished 19 seconds ahead of their rivals. After the race, Anastasia Chitty, president of the Oxford University Women's Boat Club, told the BBC: 'It's a really special moment. 'To race on the same stage as the men, when so many women haven't had this opportunity, is really humbling.' Hundreds of spectators gathered to see Oxford University's womens team celebrate their victory today History in the making: Oxford's women's crew set off prior to the start of the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge Hundreds of thousands of spectators gathered in London this afternoon for one of Britain's oldest sporting events. Spectators lined the banks of the River Thames between Putney Bridge and Chiswick Bridge for the 161st Oxford Cambridge Boat Race. Races between the men's crews have typically attracted 270,000 spectators along the 4.2-mile (6.8-kilometer) stretch in southwest London - and worldwide television audiences in more than 200 countries. Until now, the women have competed away from the limelight - on a different day and on a different, less challenging course. But the women finally got a chance to test out just what it's like to compete on centre stage. Anastasia Chitty, president of the Oxford Un",
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trivia_qa_1505829
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the British monarch’s official Scottish residence?",
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"content": "Royal Residences Of The British Monarchy - British Monarchy Family History British Monarchy Family History Royal Residences Of The British Monarchy As you read about the many monarchs featured on this website you will come across the names of many castles and palaces, some of which are universally recognised and some virtually unheard of. The United Kingdom is awash with palaces, castles and stately homes, but not all of them are owned by royals, in fact Queen Elisabeth II actually owns only five royal residences, two castles, two palaces and one stately home and of those five only two are actually privately owned by herself. These five royal residences have not always been the homes of choice of former monarchs however, with several castles and palaces, some of which are no longer with us, having been used by previous monarchs. Listed below, in alphabetical order, are thirty one royal residences which have been the official homes or holiday retreats of either the English, British or Scottish monarchs over the past one thousand years. BALMORAL CASTLE Image courtesy of Stuart Yeates, wikimedia commons Balmoral Castle is situated in Royal Deeside in Aberdeenshire in Scotland and is one of only two privately owned royal residences of the monarch. Originally built in 1390 by Sir William Drummond for Scotland's King Robert II, the castle was formerly rented by and then brought by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert as a holiday home in 1848 and remodeled into what we see today. Since then the castle, which is now part of a fully working 64,000 acre estate, is one of the royal family's favourite retreats, with the family taking regular annual Summer holidays there. Beaumont Palace was built around 1130 by England's King Henry 1. The palace stood in what is today part of the grounds of Blenheim Palace - the country's only non royal, non episcopal country house which is known as a palace - located in Woodstock in Oxfordshire. The palace was the birthplace of the future King Richard I in 1157 and his younger brother the future King John in 1167. The palace was dismantled during the years of the dissolution of the monasteries between 1536 and 1541 and it's stone used in the construction of the two great seats of learning, Christ Church University and St John's College, both of which are located in the City of Oxford. BRIDEWELL PALACE Bridewell Palace was commissioned by King Henry VIII and became his official residence between 1515 and 1523. It was situated on the banks of the River Fleet in east London and named after a nearby well dedicated to St Bride. In 1553 King Edward VI gave the palace to the City of London for the housing of the poor and homeless. Since then the palace has been a poorhouse, a hospital and a prison before being demolished in 1863. The palace is best remembered for being the site of the papal delegations concerning King Henry VIII’s divorce from his first wife Catherine of Aragon. BOLEBROKE CASTLE Built around 1480 Bolebroke Castle, which is located in Hartfield in Sussex, is actually a red brick manor house set in thirty acres of land. The castle, which has been designated as a Grade II listed building, was used extensively as a hunting lodge by King Henry VIII when he attended shooting parties in nearby Ashdown Forest. Later Henry would use the castle as his main base for conducting his affair with Anne Boleyn as it is located just five miles from her family home of Hever Castle situated in the nearby village of Edenbridge in Kent. Today the property is a four star hotel. BUCKINGHAM PALACE Image courtesy of Dilif, wikimedia commons Situated on The Mall in the City of Westminster and known as Buck House throughout the land, Buckingham Palace has been the official royal residence of the British monarchy since the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. Originally built in 1703 from a design by William Winde for the Duke of Buckingham, the house first became a royal residence in 1761 when King George III had architects John Nash and Edward Blore remodel the building for his",
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trivia_qa_1505830
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which parliamentarian soldier in the Civil War became Cromwell's son-in-law?",
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"content": "Biography of Oliver Cromwell » Biographies » Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell, 1599-1658 Rose from obscurity to become the most successful military and political leader of the Civil Wars. Lord Protector of England from 1654-8, he was offered—and refused—the Crown itself. Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdon on 25 April 1599 and baptised at the church of St John four days later. He was the second son of the ten children of Robert Cromwell (d.1617) and Elizabeth Steward (d.1654). The family estate derived from Oliver's great-grandfather, Morgan Williams, a brewer from Glamorgan who settled at Putney in London. Williams married Katherine Cromwell, the sister of Thomas Cromwell, who became chancellor to Henry VIII. Through his association with Thomas Cromwell, Morgan Williams gained estates in Huntingdonshire after the confiscation of church lands at the Reformation. His son Richard changed the family name to Cromwell in honour of their benefactor. Oliver attended the free school attached to the hospital of St John in Huntingdon, where he was taught by Dr Thomas Beard, then spent a year at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. However, his university career was cut short by the death of his father in June 1617. He returned home to manage his family estate and to look after his widowed mother and seven unmarried sisters. Militant Puritan In August 1620, Cromwell married Elizabeth Bourchier (1598–1665), daughter of Sir James Bourchier, a London merchant. The marriage was long and stable and produced nine children. Cromwell and his growing family settled in Huntingdon. Thanks to connections between the Cromwells and the powerful Montagu family, he was elected MP for Huntingdon in the Parliament of 1628 , where he became associated with the opposition to King Charles that culminated in the declaration of the Petition of Right in June 1628. At some time during the late 1620s, following a period of illness and depression, Cromwell experienced a profound spiritual awakening that left him with deep and uncompromising Puritan beliefs. In 1631, Cromwell's fortunes were in decline. He was forced to sell nearly all his property around Huntingdon and to lease a farmstead at St Ives, where he worked as a farmer for five years. The tide turned in 1636 when Cromwell's childless and widowed maternal uncle Sir Thomas Steward died, leaving him a substantial inheritance, including a house next to St Mary’s Church in Ely and the position of collector of tithes in the two Ely parishes of St Mary's and Holy Trinity. Cromwell's improved social status and his connections with local Puritans led to his nomination as a freeman of the borough of Cambridge and election as MP for Cambridge in the two Parliaments of 1640. During the first week of the Long Parliament , he made a passionate speech that called attention to the injustice of the imprisonment of John Lilburne, and during the following month he was prominent in parliamentary attacks on episcopacy. Although he was not regarded as a fluent speaker, Cromwell's passion and sincerity gained him a reputation as a solid supporter of opposition leaders such as John Pym and Cromwell's own cousin, John Hampden. Cavalry Commander On the outbreak of the First Civil War in August 1642, Cromwell took up arms for Parliament. He led one of the earliest military actions of the war when with 200 lightly-armed volunteers he prevented the King's men from carrying off the silver plate of the Cambridge colleges. Cromwell raised a troop of sixty horsemen and effectively secured Cambridgeshire for Parliament. In October 1642, Cromwell's troop joined the army of the Earl of Essex and was present during the later stages of the battle of Edgehill. The superiority of the Royalist horse impressed upon Cromwell the need for a well-trained Parliamentarian cavalry corps. Returning to East Anglia, he was careful to recruit only \"godly, honest men\" as his troopers and to lead them with firm discipline. His innate skills as a cavalry commander were in evidence at the skirmishing around Gainsborough in July 1643. Having helped to",
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trivia_qa_1505831
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Human Rights Watch announced in October 2008 that what country is the world's most ignored tragedy?",
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"content": "October 2008 : definition of October 2008 and synonyms of October 2008 (English) U.S. President George W. Bush signs the US$ 700,000,000,000 bailout bill after it is passed by the House . (NPR News) In response to the 2008 Chinese milk scandal , Australia begins withdrawing Chinese-made Kirin milk tea from shops after discovering it contained melamine in tests. (The Australian) Greece announces it will follow Ireland's lead and guarantee all bank deposits in the country. (RTÉ) 2008 Russian financial crisis : Both of Russia 's main stock exchanges, the MICEX and RTS , suspend trading of stocks \"for technical reasons\" as the markets rally after a 1-1/2 day trading halt that ended earlier in the morning. (Financial Times) Trading is suspended for a second and a third time in the same day at the RTS stock exchange as Russian equities tumble. The dollar-denominated stock index was last down 7.8% in intraday trading. At MICEX , index fell 6.2% in intraday trading. (MarketWatch) Investigators in the United States announce that they have found human remains in what is believed to be the wreckage of Steve Fossett 's plane, which went missing over California a year ago. (BBC News) United States government announces sale of billions of dollars of arms to Taiwan to keep a balance with China 's massive arms buildup aimed at Taiwan. (CBC News) Russia 's foreign minister calls for international action to halt piracy in Somalia . (BBC News) The remains of a Viking -era stave church , including the skeletal remains of a woman , is uncovered near the cemetery of the Lännäs church in Odensbacken outside Örebro in central Sweden . (The Local) 2008 South Ossetia war Russian President Dmitry Medvedev ordered the Defense Ministry, law enforcement agencies and the Foreign Ministry to investigate a bombing in the South Ossetian capital, Tskhinvali , on 3 October, 2008. A car, carrying weapons, was detained by Russian peacekeepers in Georian village and transported to Tskhinvali, where it exploded. EU and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development earlier condemned this 'act of terrorism'. Georgian authorities claimed 'Russian special services' 'were behind' the blast that left 7 servicemen of Russian peacekeeping forces dead. (Rustavi 2) (RIAN) (NY Times) Earlier, on October 2, an attempt of assassination of head of the Akhalgori Ossetian administration, Anatoli Margiev failed. He survived the explosion of a bomb planted on a road in Georgian village while driving to Tskhinvali , South Ossetia. (Rustavi 2) Russian troops are dismantling positions in security zones on the border of South Ossetia and Georgia created after the war , a Georgian Interior Ministry official said. (AP via Google News) . Authorities detain separatist leader and impose curfew in anticipation of a separatist rally to be held on Monday in Kashmir . (BBC News) Pakistani president Asif Ali Zardari acknowledges his government's consent to US air strikes in Pakistan and says India has never been a threat. (BBC News) Senior British Commander says military victory in Afghanistan is impossible. (CBC News) Current events of October 6, 2008 (2008-10-06) (Monday) Subprime mortgage crisis : The Dow Jones industrial average falls by as much as 800.06 points, its biggest intraday drop on record; the Dow closed below the 10,000 mark for the first time since October 26, 2004. (MarketWatch) Speaking before a U.S. House Committee , Richard Fuld , CEO of failed Lehman Brothers says that he believed all his decisions \"were both prudent and appropriate\" given the information he had at the time. (New York Times) Significant losses are marked on stock exchanges world-wide: São Paulo Stock Exchange suspended trading after a 15 percent drop in its benchmark index. (Reuters) The UK 's leading share index, the FTSE 100 closes down 391.1 points (7.85%), the largest single day points fall since it was launched in 1984. The French CAC 40 also recorded a record drop of 9.04%, whilst Germany 's DAX finished down 7.09%. (BBC News) 2008 Russian financial crisis : Trading is suspended on Russia",
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trivia_qa_1505832
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which US state will you find Johns Hopkins University?",
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{
"content": "Johns Hopkins USA Johns Hopkins USA Free Medical Concierge Johns Hopkins USA-Free Medical Concierge Service Learn about the services and benefits of Johns Hopkins USA, a complimentary medical concierge service for patients outside of Maryland who wish to see a specialist at Johns Hopkins for treatment Johns Hopkins USA | Frequently Asked Questions Learn how Johns Hopkins USA can help you find the doctor you need and assist with appointment and test scheduling at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.",
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trivia_qa_1505833
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Famous for Oysters, Whitstable is in which English county?",
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"content": "The Whitstable Oyster Company The Royal Native Oyster Stores Horsebridge, Whitstable, Kent, CT5 1BU United Kingdom The Royal Native Oyster Stores in Kent is a seafood restaurant offering some of the very best oysters, fish and crustacea. We've become world famous for offering the freshest fish that's simply cooked; we believe that the finest products speak for themselves. The restaurant is on the beach and offers stunning views of the company's oyster grounds. A full a la carte menu is available from Monday-Sunday.",
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trivia_qa_1505834
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"The musical \"\"Kiss Me Kate\"\" is based on which Shakespearean play?\"",
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"content": "Arts Education / “ALWAYS TRUE TO YOU (IN MY FASHION)”: ADAPTATION AND INTERPRETATION - Shakespeare \"Always True To You (In My Fashion)\": Adaptation and Interpretation - Shakespeare Adam Garcia (Bill) and Holly Dale Spencer (Lois), The Old Vic, London 2012 As a definitive Cole Porter musical based on a classic Shakespearean play, Kiss Me, Kate uses source material in new ways and offers artists exciting opportunities to “translate” the material for current audiences. Here, we explore the literary and artistic devices of adaptation and interpretation, and how both “recycle” classic material for new audiences. NOTABLE MOVIE ADAPTATIONS BASED ON SHAKESPEARE: WEST SIDE STORY (1961) … Romeo And Juliet RAN (1985) … King Lear MY PRIVATE IDAHO (1991) … Henry IV & Henry V THE LION KING (1994) … Hamlet 10 THINGS I HATE ABOUT YOU (1999) … Taming Of The Shrew O (2001) … Othello DELIVER US FROM EVA (2003) … Taming of the Shrew SHES THE MAN (2006) … Twelfth Night TEN BROADWAY MUSICALS INSPIRED BY THE BARD'S PLAYS By David Gewirtzman (Playbill Apr 23, 2014) BOYS FROM SYRACUSE (1938) … Comedy of Errors SWINGIN’ THE DREAM (1939) … Mid Summer Night’s Dream KISS ME KATE (1948) … Taming of the Shrew WEST SIDE STORY (1957) … Romeo and Juliet TWO GENTLEMEN OF VERONA (1971) …Two Gentlemen of Verona ROCKABYE HAMLET (1976) … HAMLET OH, BROTHER! (1981) … Comedy of Errors THE LION KING (1994) … inspired by Hamlet PLAY ON! (1997) … Twelfth Night ALL SHOOK UP (2005) … inspired by Twelfth Night & the music of Elvis Presley Scope and Sequence: Grades 9-12 SL. 1, SL. 4, L. 4, RL. 4 ADAPTATION: the process of changing to fit some purpose or situation; especially a movie, book, play, etc., that is changed so that it can be presented in another form or is better suited for a purpose. INTERPRETATION: the act or result of explaining or interpreting something; the way something is explained or understood; a particular way of performing something. ADAPTING SHAKESPEARE Samantha Spiro and Simon Paisley Day in The Taming of the Shrew, The Globe Theater, London (2012) Scope and Sequence: Grade 10 W. 9a OBJECTIVE: To explore how the musical’s writers adapted The Taming of the Shrew in Kiss Me Kate, and why it serves as an effective literary and performance device. By Jennifer Erin Book SOURCE: Magazine Americana: The Institute for the Study of American Popular Culture “The writer of a theatrical adaptation faces issues particular to that art form: he or she must stay faithful to the source material, while presenting an audience with something new and fresh. Devotees of the original material must be satisfied with the adaptation, and not feel betrayed. A newcomer to the material must be able to follow and understand the adaptation, without having to call back to any prior knowledge or experience. How can a writer take a classic, eloquent, and well-known play by William Shakespeare, and adapt it into a new, emerging, and purely American art form: the integrated musical? [The] musical Kiss Me, Kate, based upon Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, is a successfully refreshing adaptation. It is a product of its time, when integrated musicals were first coming into vogue, and when sexual politics were in flux; and of its place, since its form is distinctly American.” “Porter and Spewack took Shakespeare’s script and tailored it perfectly to the musical tastes of the time… Spewack didn’t want simply to insert music into an adaptation of a Shakespearean script. Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart, and George Abbot had already used that stunt in their musical The Boys from Syracuse, which took the characters, location, and plot of Shakespeare’s The Comedy of Errors, and adopted a modern setting. She stumbled upon the gimmick of adapting Shrew, into a backstager, as Ethan Mordden puts it, ‘showing the lives of a theatre company putting on someone else’s adaptation of Shrew: thus pulling off a different stunt altogether.’ The gimmick worked.” RESOURCES SHAKING UP SHAKESPEARE: REACHING THE SHAKESPEARE AVERSE WITH ADAPTATION “Why study Shakespeare? What role can his work",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In what English city would find a famous street named Penny Lane?",
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"content": "BBC - Liverpool - Abolition of Slavery - Penny Lane Abolition of Slavery You are in: Liverpool > Abolition of Slavery > Penny Lane Penny Lane Penny Lane By Paul Coslett The street made famous in song by The Beatles is named after a Liverpool slave ship owner and anti-abolitionist. Penny Lane is a street famous worldwide thanks to The Beatles 1967 hit, but the south Liverpool street owes its name to an outspoken Liverpool slave ship owner and staunch anti-abolitionist. James Penny was a Liverpool merchant who made his money from the transportation of slaves. Penny was one of several traders from Liverpool who spoke in favour of the slave trade at a parliamentary committee. Penny told the committee that he had invested in eleven voyages of ships carrying slaves from Africa to the West Indies. His ships were between 200-300 tons and usually carried between 500 to 600 slaves in a single voyage. Of these approximately two thirds of the slaves were male and one third female. 'An advantageous trade' The Lords Committee of Council was set up in February 1788 to investigate the slave trade. In evidence James Penny voiced his opinion that the trade was humane “…that he found himself impelled, both by humanity and interest, to pay every possible attention both to the preservation of the crew and the slaves. \"Great improvements have been made at Liverpool within these twenty years in the construction of the ships.\" James Penny in 1788 “The slaves here will sleep better than the gentlemen do on shore.” The slave trader was presented with a silver table in 1792 for speaking out against the abolition of slavery. Liverpool traders were anxious to preserve the slave trade which had made large profits for many of them and was the source of much of the city’s wealth. The parliamentary minutes record James Penny’s conviction that ending the trade would cause great harm to Liverpool, “…Mr Penny being asked, whether he conceives this trade to be a profitable one in general to the Merchant? “Replied, he thinks it, upon the whole, an advantageous trade; and added, he would have to beg leave to observe, that should this trade be abolished, it would not only greatly affect the commercial interest, but also the landed property of the County of Lancaster and more particularly, the Town of Liverpool; whose fall, in that case, would be as rapid as its rise has been astonishing.” James Penny was insistent that the slave trade should be allowed to continue “…the Slave Ships at Liverpool are built on purpose for this trade, and are accommodated with air ports and gratings for the purpose of keeping the slaves cool. “Great improvements have been made at Liverpool within these twenty years in the construction of the ships. The space between the decks is sufficiently large to contain the number of negroes above-mentioned and is plained, very smooth and painted.” In July 2006 a Liverpool councillor Barbara Mace proposed that streets named after slave traders should be renamed. The plan was criticised by those who argued the negative parts of history should not be \"airbrushed\" and was later withdrawn. last updated: 15/02/07SEE ALSO",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What 1939 film starred Vivien Leigh as Scarlett O'Hara?",
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"content": "Gone with the Wind (1939) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Gone with the Wind ( 1939 ) G | From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON DISC A manipulative Southern belle carries on a turbulent affair with a blockade runner during the American Civil War. Directors: Margaret Mitchell (story of the old south \"Gone with the Wind\"), Sidney Howard (screenplay) Stars: a list of 28 titles created 06 Mar 2012 a list of 38 titles created 24 Feb 2014 a list of 41 titles created 02 Mar 2015 a list of 28 titles created 24 Oct 2015 a list of 21 titles created 6 months ago Title: Gone with the Wind (1939) 8.2/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 8 Oscars. Another 9 wins & 8 nominations. See more awards » Videos In Casablanca, Morocco in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate meets a former lover, with unforeseen complications. Director: Michael Curtiz When a Jewish prince is betrayed and sent into slavery by a Roman friend, he regains his freedom and comes back for revenge. Director: William Wyler A spoiled heiress running away from her family is helped by a man who is actually a reporter in need of a story. Director: Frank Capra A silent film production company and cast make a difficult transition to sound. Directors: Stanley Donen, Gene Kelly Stars: Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor, Debbie Reynolds When two male musicians witness a mob hit, they flee the state in an all-female band disguised as women, but further complications set in. Director: Billy Wilder A self-conscious bride is tormented by the memory of her husband's dead first wife. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Following the death of a publishing tycoon, news reporters scramble to discover the meaning of his final utterance. Director: Orson Welles An ingenue insinuates herself into the company of an established but aging stage actress and her circle of theater friends. Director: Joseph L. Mankiewicz A man tries to rise in his company by letting its executives use his apartment for trysts, but complications and a romance of his own ensue. Director: Billy Wilder After settling his differences with a Japanese PoW camp commander, a British colonel co-operates to oversee his men's construction of a railway bridge for their captors - while oblivious to a plan by the Allies to destroy it. Director: David Lean A Phoenix secretary embezzles $40,000 from her employer's client, goes on the run, and checks into a remote motel run by a young man under the domination of his mother. Director: Alfred Hitchcock A San Francisco detective suffering from acrophobia investigates the strange activities of an old friend's wife, all the while becoming dangerously obsessed with her. Director: Alfred Hitchcock Edit Storyline Scarlett is a woman who can deal with a nation at war, Atlanta burning, the Union Army carrying off everything from her beloved Tara, the carpetbaggers who arrive after the war. Scarlett is beautiful. She has vitality. But Ashley, the man she has wanted for so long, is going to marry his placid cousin, Melanie. Mammy warns Scarlett to behave herself at the party at Twelve Oaks. There is a new man there that day, the day the Civil War begins. Rhett Butler. Scarlett does not know he is in the room when she pleads with Ashley to choose her instead of Melanie. Written by Dale O'Connor <daleoc@interaccess.com> Now in 70mm. wide screen and full stereophonic sound! [reissue] See more » Genres: 17 January 1940 (USA) See more » Also Known As: Lo que el viento se llevó See more » Filming Locations: $1,192,593 (USA) (26 June 1998) Gross: Mono (Western Electric Sound System) Color: Did You Know? Trivia The idea of a sequel to this film was scrapped, but in the 1990s there was a sequel in the form of a television miniseries. The series was Scarlett (1994), based on the",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In cricket what is a batsman's score of nought commonly called?",
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"content": "Appendix:Glossary of cricket - Wiktionary Appendix:Glossary of cricket Jump to: navigation , search Cricket is a team sport played between two teams of eleven. It is known for its rich terminology. Some terms are often thought to be arcane and humorous by those not familiar with the game. This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of cricket. Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics. Certain aspects of cricket terminology are explained in more detail in cricket statistics and the naming of fielding positions is explained at fielding (cricket) . A[ edit ] Young Cricketer. \"Yes, I cocked one off the splice in the gully and the blighter gathered it.\" Father. \"Yes, but how did you get out? Were you caught, stumped or bowled, or what?\" Cartoon from Punch , July 21, 1920. Agricultural shot a swing across the line of the ball (resembling a scything motion) played without much technique. Often one that results in a chunk of the pitch being dug up by the bat . A type of a slog . This term is thought to have originated in the city-country games in Australia, where the farmers normally had less technique, but more power than their city rivals. when an innings is ended due to ten of the eleven batsmen on the batting side being either dismissed or unable to bat because of injury or illness. All-round spin Anchor a top-order batsman capable of batting for a long duration throughout the innings. Usually batsman playing at numbers 3 or 4 play such a role, especially if there is a batting collapse. An anchor plays defensively, and is often the top scorer in the innings. Arm ball a deceptive delivery bowled by an off spin bowler that is not spun so; unlike the off break, it travels straight on (with the bowler's arm). A particularly good bowler's arm ball might also swing away from the batsman in the air (or in to him when delivered by a left-armer). Around the wicket a right-handed bowler passing to the right of the stumps during his bowling action, and vice-versa for left-handed bowlers. Back foot in a batsman's stance the back foot is the foot that is nearer to the stumps. A bowler's front foot is the last foot to contact the ground before the ball is released. The other foot is the back foot. Unless the bowler is bowling off the wrong foot the bowling foot is the back foot. Backing up after a fielder chases the ball, another fielder placed at a further distance also moves into position so that if the fielder mis-fields the ball, the damage done is minimal. Also done to support a fielder receiving a throw from the outfield in case the throw is errant or not caught. the non-striking batsman leaving his crease during the delivery in order to shorten the distance to complete one run. A batsman \"backing up\" too far runs the risk of being run out. the average number of runs scored per innings by a batsman, calculated by dividing the batsman's total runs scored during those innings in question by the number of times the batsman was out. Compare innings average. Batting end the end of the pitch at which the striker stands. Batting innings the number of games that a player gets to bat in a match. For one-day matches, this usually is less than the number of matches that a player is selected to play; for first-class and Test matches, this may be up to twice the number of matches played. Batting order the order in which the batsmen bat, from the openers, through the top order and middle order to the lower order. BBI or Best an abbreviation for the best bowling figures (see this) in an innings throughout the entire career of the bowler. It is defined as, firstly, the greatest number of wickets taken, and secondly the fewest runs conceded for that number of wickets. (Thus, a performance of 7 for 102 is considered better than one of 6 for 19.) Beach cricket an informal form of the game, obviously cricket played on beaches. This is a common sight in cricket playing Caribbean countries and Australia. Beamer a delivery that reaches the batsman at around head heig",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Australia what name is given to a crayfish?",
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"content": "Crayfish List – Freshwater Crayfish of Australia (2016) | Australian Aquatic Biological Crayfish List – Freshwater Crayfish of Australia (2016) Full Australian Freshwater Crayfish List 2016 This is the list of all the freshwater crayfish species found in Australia. Every currently described freshwater crayfish species in Australia is listed and a photo of each crayfish that has been confirmed is displayed. Currently (January 2016) 142 species are described from Australia. Astacopsis = 3 species More crayfish are being described so stay tuned for updates No. Tasmania, rivers running into Bass Strait and the Arthur River system More Information Victoria & SA Southern flowing streams west Port Phillip Bay to south eastern corner SA MORE INFORMATION Northern Territory, Japanese Creek, Wessell Island 4 bicarinatus Gray 1845 Northern Territory, Koolatong River in East Arnhem Land, also East Alligator River in Kakadu National Park Cherax_bicarinatus Western Australia, Harvey to Denmark Cherax caini “The Cairns or Northern Yabby” Queensland, Bundaberg to Cairns region MORE INFORMATION Western Australia, Margaret RIver to Denmark 10 New South Wales, coastal from Tweed Heads to the northern side of Manning River. MORE INFORMATION “The Western Blue Claw Yabby” New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, South Australia, Northern Territory, with introduced populations all states MORE INFORMATION South Western Australia, Dunsborough to Windy Harbour Cherax glaber New South Wales, upper reaches of the Clarence River Cherax leckii Western Australia, Moore River to Albany Cherax preissii Northern Territory and Queensland, north coast of Northern Territory and north-east Queensland Cherax quadricarinatus Western Australia, Moore River to Denmark Cherax quincarinatus Queensland, Cape York Peninsula and Badu Island, Torres Strait Cherax rhynchotus Western Australia, upper reaches of Margaret River 27 Victoria, Lilly Pilly Gully, Wilsons Promontory 3 Southern Victoria, north coast Tasmania, King and Flinders islands Engaeus cunicularius Victoria, Yarra River plains, Warburton Engaeus curvisuturus ACT, New South Wales and Victoria Engaeus cymus Western Tasmania and King Island Further Information Victoria, Cape Otway forest, Ferntree Gully MORE INFORMATION Mid north coast of Tasmania 11 Victoria, Lilly Pilly Gully, Wilsons Promontory. Engaeus karnanga Victoria and coastal north-eastern Tasmania Engaeus laevis Victoria, Grampian Ranges to Myrtleford MORE INFORMATION Tasmania, central north and east MORE INFORMATION Victoria, Croajingolong National Park, Mallacoota Engaeus mallacoota Engaeus merosetosus from Waurn Ponds Creek 21 Tasmania, central north and north-east 22 Victoria and southern New South Wales Engaeus orientalis “The Mt. Arthur Burrowing Crayfish” North-east Tasmania, Mount Arthur Victoria, New South Wales border MORE INFORMATION Victoria, Morwell, eastern Strzelecki Ranges 27 South Australia and Victoria, Port Macdonnell to Warrnambool 31 Tasmania, coastal between Burnie and Wynyard ENGAEWA “the Magaret River Burrowing Crayfish” Southt Western Australia, north of Margaret River 2 South Western Australia, Cape Naturaliste to Cape Leeuwin Region 3 South Western Australia, north of Margaret River 4 South Western Australia, Northcliffe to Walpole 5 The Narrow Dwarf Crayfish Euastacus angustus 2 New South Wales, ACT, Victoria, South Australia, Murray and Murrumbidgee rivers and their tributaries MORE INFORMATION The Murray Lobster Euastacus armatus 3 New South Wales, eastern flowing streams Patonga to north of Wollongong. MORE INFORMATION The Sydney Crayfish Euastacus australasiensis 4 The Balan Crayfish Euastacus balanensis 5 Morgan 1986 “The Bidhawal Crayfish” New South Wales and Victoria, south-eastern flowing streams below 550 m.Tributaries of the, Merrice, Nadgee, Wallagaraugh, Genoa and Cann rivers The Bidhawal Crayfish Euastacus bidawalus 6 The Mt Elliot Crayfish Euastacus bindal 7 Queensland, streams above 700 m Lamington National Park Embezee’s crayfish Euastacus binzayedi 8 Victoria and South Australia, Glenelg River and tribu",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the toning that produces brown and white photographs",
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"content": "Toning Black & White Photographs | James Gilmore, Photographer November 30, 2011 by James Gilmore Toning Black & White Photographs In photography, toning is a method of changing the color of black-and-white photographs. In analog photography, toning is a chemical process carried out on silver-based photographic prints. This darkroom process can not be done with a color photograph and although the black-and-white photograph is now toned, it is still considered a black and white photograph as it is monochromatic. Because toners convert the silver of the image into some other material, they can improve the long-term stability of a print. As well as toning the whole picture, you can achieve particularly striking results in some cases by toning (or coloring) selected areas. Next Wednesday, Dec. 7th, at 3pm, we will be ‘stinking up’ McCloud Hall with sepia toner. Please bring UNMOUNTED black and white photos for toning. You can sepia tone individual photos, or your whole project. Dress down for this activity, or just bring an old kitchen apron to wear. NOTE: I am requiring at least one sepia photo in your notebook! Sepia Toning Sepia toning converts the silver image to tones ranging from light to dark brown. Such toning can be achieved by using either Direct or Indirect toners. Sepia toning requires the image to be bleached before toning. Both lead to an improved image permanence. Below gives details on ‘Direct’ and ‘Indirect’ techniques – for sepia toning images. Direct Sulphide toners Direct Sulphide toners are single solution toners, and act on the image directly – to convert it (partially or completely) to silver sulphide. Direct sulphide toners work well with Multigrade FB Warmtone paper. Such toners have little effect on Multigrade IV papers however. These types of toners have the advantage that toning can be stopped when the desired colour is reached, and also partially toned images can be further treated in other toners to produce various other special effects. Prints toned in direct sulphide toners generally have similar density and contrast – to untoned prints. These toners can be used at room temperature but they act very slowly – taking up to 30 minutes to reach completion. This time can be shortened considerably by raising the temperature to 100F/38C, but the drawback is that at higher temperatures this already initially strong smelling toning solution – will be even more unpleasant. Examples of commercially available direct sulphide toners are :- Kodak Brown toner, Photographers Formulary Hypo-alum, and Photographers Formulary Polysulfide. Indirect Sulphide toners Indirect sepia toning is done in three stages. First the print is soaked in a potassium ferricyanide bleach to convert the metallic silver to silver halide. The print is washed to remove excess potassium ferricyanide then immersed into a bath of toner, which converts the silver halides to silver sulfide. The bleach used is normally a ferricyanide bromide type – which converts the silver image to silver bromide. The darkening (redeveloping) solution is a solution of sodium sulphide. This solution has a very strong/nasty smell – and most users now prefer to use odorless toners. Odorless toners use an alkaline solution of thiourea to convert the silver bromide image to silver sulphide. Apart from being odorless, they also have the advantage of allowing the resulting image color to be adjusted by controlling the pH of the second bath. The pH adjustment is achieved by adding more or less sodium hydroxide solution to the second bath. More additive gives a colder image tone, less additive gives a warmer image tone. Prints toned to have a very warm image tone generally have considerably lower density and contrast to untoned prints. Examples of commercially available indirect sulphide toners are : Indirect sulphide toners – Berg Rapid RC Sepia, Kodak Sepia, Photographers Formulary Sepia Sulphide 221, and Tetenal Sulphide. Thiourea sulphide toners (non variable warmth) – Photographers Formulary Thiourea, Speedibrews Speedisepia. Thiourea sulphide toners (variabl",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the first name of the handyman played by Paul Henry in the t.v. soap 'Crossroads'?",
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"content": "TV Shows We Used To Watch - Crossroads 1964-88 | The sillies… | Flickr Paul Townsend By: Paul Townsend TV Shows We Used To Watch - Crossroads 1964-88 The silliest TV soap ever! Wobbly sets, ludicrous plots, awful acting... but 50 years after its launch, fans are still devoted to Crossroads. www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8s26Pk-gkk The sets were famously wobbly, the characters notoriously flaky and the stories lurched from the unlikely to the downright bizarre. But the millions of viewers who checked in every weekday at the Crossroads motel for their five-times-a-week teatime fix couldn’t have cared less. They loved every shambolic moment of it — fluffed lines, mistakes and all. Launched to fill a gap in the schedules 50 years ago, Crossroads ran for almost 5,000 episodes. Its first incarnation lasted until 1988, and it was revived — disastrously — for two years in 2001. At its peak in the Seventies, it pulled in 18 million viewers and was second only to Coronation Street. Its stars won viewers’ polls and showbiz awards. However, not everyone was so enthralled. ITV’s regulator, the Independent Broadcasting Authority, twice ordered it to cut its output, first to four, then three, episodes a week to improve its quality. The chairman, Lady Plowden, lamented that Crossroads was ‘distressingly popular’. It is, however, sadly missed these days, not least by its stars. Jane Asher, who played the motel’s owner (and arch-bitch and sexual predator) Angel Samson, in the revived version, says she loved every minute of it. So much so, that she even posed in a bath of bubbles and discreetly placed rose petals, while sipping from a glass of Champagne to promote her motel. ‘It was an iconic soap and greatly under-appreciated’, she insists. ‘I watched the original as a teenager, and could easily have got hooked on it. But I was more a fan of The Archers on the radio. But by the second time around the show had really had its day’. Crossroads first opened its doors in November 1964 — set in the fictional King’s Oak, Birmingham, and charging guests £4 a night for each of its 18 rooms. The show, with the formidable Noele Gordon as the motel’s matriarch, Meg Richardson, was scheduled to run for 30 episodes over six weeks. It was an immediate hit with viewers in spite of its visibly cheap production values. The budget was reported to be only £10,000 for an entire week’s five episodes, compared with the same amount spent on each episode of rival Coronation Street. The sets had been constructed out of flimsy canvas and board because they had never been meant to last for long. The highest-paid star was Gordon, whose salary was reportedly £200 a week. Some minor characters were persuaded to work for £10 an episode on the grounds that the show would be good exposure for them. With such a demanding schedule, there was little time for scripts to be re-written and polished, still less for rehearsal, so everything had to be filmed in one take. The expense of editing out mistakes was so great, given the tiny budget, that the producers ordered them to be left in. Jane Rossington, who was in the show for 24 years as Meg’s daughter, Jill, has the distinction of speaking the very first words in the opening episode, and the final words in the last, and remembers how many bloopers crept in. She recalls: ‘Noele would sometimes call me Jane, on camera, rather than by my character name, Jill, but there was no time or budget for re-takes. “Oh, no one will notice”, she’d insist. ‘I loved her, but she did speak her lines very slowly and sometimes I would wonder if she was ever going to finish a sentence!’ The story lines were equally erratic. Jill had an on-screen pregnancy that went on for over a year — and, to the shock of viewers, the father was her screen stepbrother. But after the baby was born, it was never mentioned again. The script called for her to marry three times — once bigamously — and to become a drug addict and an alcoholic. ‘Everything that could happen to a person happened to me’, she says, ‘but it was all terrific fun’.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On 'Super Saturday' Jessica Ennis and Mo Farah won athletics gold for Team GB, who was the third gold medalist on the day?",
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"content": "London 2012: 'A gold rush for eternity' – how the world saw Super Saturday | Sport | The Guardian Olympics 2012: athletics London 2012: 'A gold rush for eternity' – how the world saw Super Saturday The international press has hailed Great Britain's gold medallists, and in particular Mo Farah, who 'pushed a lifetime's worth of chips into the middle of the table' during his last lap Great Britain's Mo Farah celebrates his 10,000-metre gold with his daughter Rihanna. Photograph: Jason O'Brien/Action Images Sunday 5 August 2012 06.23 EDT First published on Sunday 5 August 2012 06.23 EDT Share on Messenger Close The British papers and websites naturally led the way in celebrating Team GB's haul of six gold medals on Super Saturday but the international press, too, praised Jessica Ennis, Mo Farah and Greg Rutherford and co. In Spain, El Mundo ran a piece with the headline: \"How Mo Farah changed history\", saying: \"For Mo Farah, the new king of long-distance running, it was difficult to recognise his daughter Rihanna, who was looking for him, wrapped in the Union Jack and somewhat lost amid the roar that shook the Olympic Stadium after the outcome of the 10,000 meters race and which completed a perfect day for British athletics. The triumphs of Jessica Ennis in the heptathlon, and Greg Rutherford in the long jump were followed by the coronation of the Somalia-born athlete, which brought to an end not only the Ethiopian era, which begun in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and ended with the fall of Kenenisa Bekele, the last emperor.\" Over in the United States, Tim Layden, of Sports Illustrated, wrote about how Farah \"pushed a lifetime's worth of chips into the middle of the table\" on the last lap of his triumphant 10,000 metre-run. \"The noise could grow no more, yet somehow it did, rolling down in a desperate wave from the highest seats in London's Olympic Stadium and crashing across the pebbled orange track on the floor,\" he said. \"There were 450 meters to run in the final of Saturday night's Olympic 10,000 meters and Mo Farah, 29, had surged to the lead, pushing a lifetime's worth of chips into the middle of the table and sprinting though the night air with nothing but a dream in front of him to justify the pain, the miles and the loneliness behind. One of the greatest distance runners in history gave chase and so, too, did a tall, blonde American runner who has shared Farah's work for the last 18 months. Le Monde, in France, wrote about a \"magical Saturday\" for Britain. \"Britain experienced a magical Saturday athletics by winning three gold medals by Jessica Ennis, Mo Farah and, unexpectedly, Greg Rutherford. Farah won the 10,000m after a frenzied sprint, beating the American Galen Rupp and the Ethiopian Tariku Bekele. World Champion of 5000m, Farah, of Somali origin, brought a third title in athletics in Britain, after the success of a few tens of minutes before the heptathlete Jessica Ennis and long jumper Greg Rutherford. In La Gazzetta dello Sport, in Italy, Valerio Piccioni wrote: \"Mohamed \"Mo\" Farah was born in Mogadishu, grew up in Djibouti and, when he was eight, moved here to the Queen's house, so to speak. And now he dominates them all:, with the Eritreans, Ethiopians and Kenyans feel ing it the most. Kenenisa Bekele abdicated after having driven the pace in an attempt to silence the hosts. \"But Mo had too much left in his tank. The American Galen Rupp was the last one to give up, finishing second. Final inglesissimo with the music of the Beatles. People did not want to leave the stadium. \"All you need is love\" and there was Paul McCartney's daughter and the flag. Jessica Ennis on the podium, showing her medal. Then the anthem, pride and a night during which it would have been difficult get to any sleep.\" Over in South America, Brazil's Veja magazine ran a headline saying: \"In the cauldron of Stratford, the British have a historic night\" with the subhead: \"Praised by the IOC, the public fill the Olympic Stadium with noise and help the home team to win three golds and crown a new queen, Jessica Ennis\". In Germany, Eurosport",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The cobalt salts of aluminium/aluminum oxide produce what colour/color in ceramics, glass, etc., notably ancient Chinese porcelain?",
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"content": "Industrial Alchemy, Part 2: Inorganic Chemical Bestiary | | Grantville Gazette, Volume 25, 1 Sep 2009 | Nonfiction | by Iver Cooper Within a few weeks of the Ring of Fire (RoF), Greg Ferrara tells the “Emergency Committee” that “Sulfuric acid is about as basic for modern industry as steel.” The 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica (EB11) and the modern Encyclopedia Americana (EA) agree that sulfuric acid is the most important of all chemicals. But that, of course, doesn’t mean that it is the only chemical that the up-timers need more of. If there are a dozen they want at the end of 1632, I guarantee that they will be begging for hundreds by the end of 1634. Elements, Ions and Compounds The non-metals, discussed in section I below, are carbon; the pnictogens (“pn” as in phosphorus and nitrogen), the chalcogens (oxygen, sulfur, selenium), the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, etc.), and the noble gases (helium, etc.). Hydrogen is sui generis, the proverbial “sore thumb” of the Periodic Table, but I will treat it as a non-metal. The non-metallic elements, by themselves, can form molecules (e.g., the two atom molecules of nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine), covalent compounds (e.g., carbon dioxide), and many important anions (e.g., chloride, carbonate, sulfate). Many anions are salts of acids having the form HX, and the X (the anion part) always contains at least one non-metal atom and sometimes is entirely composed of non-metallic elements. Many metal salts are of the form MX, where M is one or more atoms of the same metal, and X is one or more copies of the same anion, each one or more atoms. In section I, I will identify which non-metallic elements, and compounds and ions composed just of those elements, were known prior to the RoF, which weren’t known to the down-timers but occur in nature, and which will first be synthesized after RoF. I will also discuss how these elements and compounds are made and used, and make suggestions as to when they may be first available in the 1632 universe. The metals and their salts are discussed in section II below, which is organized first by the column (1-16) of the periodic table which the metal falls into, and then by the metal itself. The metals are sometimes classified as —the group Ia (column 1) or alkali metals (notably lithium, sodium, potassium) —the group IIa (2) or alkaline earth metals (notably beryllium, magnesium, and calcium) —the transition metals (3-12) (notably iron, nickel, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, mercury) —the inner transition metals (which I will be ignoring) —the “poor” (lower melting) metals (13-16) (notably aluminum, gallium, tin, lead and bismuth) There are also metalloids, intermediate in behavior between metals and nonmetals. These are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium. Note that I have chosen to discuss boron and silicon with the non-metals, and arsenic and antimony with the metals. I. Non-Metallic Elements and Compounds Table 2-1 looks at the non-metals from a modern OTL perspective: Table 2-1: Non-Metals: Sources and Demand Element * Emsley. Hydrogen Hydrogen, discovered in 1766, is used in the manufacture of ammonia and methanol, and in hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds. It also had direct uses; in the early twentieth century, as a buoyancy gas, and in the late twentieth century, as a rocket fuel and welding gas (part of the oxyhydrogen torch). In Huff and Goodlett, “Butterflies in the Kremlin, Part 3: Boris, Natasha . . . But Where’s Bullwinkle” (Grantville Gazette 10), set in September 1633, the Russians are experimenting with their third hot air balloon, but they are anxious to move on to hydrogen. By June-July 1634, according to their “Butterflies in the Kremlin, Part 6: The Polish Incident or the Wet Firecracker War” (Grantville Gazette 15), a hydrogen-filled dirigible is flitting about. In contrast, in September 1635, Marlon Pridmore is flying a hot air blimp in the Grantville area. Kevin and Karen Evans, “Sailing Upwind” (Grantville Gazette 13). Of course, the USE has planes, and therefore less incentive t",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The AEX is the stock exchange in which European city?",
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"content": "AEX Quote - AEX-Index - Bloomberg Markets There are currently no news stories for this ticker. Please check back later. Profile The AEX-Index is a free-float adjusted market capitalization weighted index of the leading Dutch stocks traded on the Amsterdam Exchange. The index was adjusted to the Dutch Guilder fixing rate. The old value as of 12/31/98 was 1186.38 and the new value at start of trading on 1/4/99 was 538.36, after conversion. HP and GP can be adjusted back to Dutch Guilders by typing NLG. Address",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What rank does an officer in the British Army hold who wears the insignia of a crown and two stars on his shoulder straps ?",
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"content": "How to Identify Military Rank (US Army): 10 Steps (with Pictures) Identifying Enlisted Ranks 1 Know where to look for insignia. Enlisted soldiers’ uniforms include the Army Combat Uniform (ACU), which is typically made of camouflaged print fabric, and the “Green” uniform, which is made of a heavy fabric coat and trousers or skirt. Insignia will be displayed on various places depending on the type of uniform: Look on the cap of an ACU. Enlisted soldiers display their rank insignia in the center of their caps. [1] A rank insignia patch will be sewn on the chest area of an ACU. The “Green” uniforms of enlisted soldiers have a rank insignia patch on the upper sleeves. [2] Enlisted soldiers do not display their rank insignia on their berets. Instead, the insignia of their unit will show on the front of the beret. [3] 2 Learn the insignia of privates. [4] [5] The lowest rank (E-1) of enlisted soldiers, privates in Basic Combat Training (BCT), do not have insignia. Privates at the E-2 rank display a single yellow chevron. Soldiers at the Private First Class rank (PFC, E-3) wear a symbol of a chevron closed by a rounded bar at the bottom, enclosing a green field. 3 Distinguish the insignia of soldiers at the E-4 rank. [6] [7] Specialists (SPC) will wear a green triangular insignia with a rounded top and a gold eagle in the center. Corporals (CPL), however, have insignia made of two chevrons. 4 Distinguish sergeant insignia. [8] [9] There are a number of kinds of sergeants in the U.S. Army, at both enlisted and non-commissioned officer ranks. Paying close attention to their insignia will help you to distinguish them. A Sergeant’s (SGT, E-5) insignia is very similar to a corporal's, but shows three chevrons instead of two. A Staff Sergeant’s (SSG, E-6) insignia shows three chevrons closed by a rounded bar at the bottom, enclosing a green field. The insignia of a Sergeant First Class (SFC, E-7) is like a Staff Sergeant’s, but with two rounded bars at the bottom. A Master Sergeant’s (MSG, E-8) insignia is like a Sergeant First Class', but with three rounded bars at the bottom. A First Sergeant’s (1-SG, E-8) is like a Master Sergeant’s, with the addition of a small yellow diamond in the middle. A Sergeant Major (SGM, E-9) is like a First Sergeant’s, with a star in the middle instead of a diamond. A Command Sergeant Major (CSM, E-9) is like a First Sergeant’s, but two sheaves of wheat surrounding a star in the center instead of a diamond. The Sergeant Major of the Army’s (E-9) insignia is like a First Sergeant’s, but with a golden eagle and two stars in the middle instead of a diamond. Method Identifying Officer Ranks 1 Know where to look for insignia. Officer’s uniforms also include the Army Combat Uniform (ACU), which is typically made of camouflaged print fabric, and the “Green” uniform, which is made of a heavy fabric coat and trousers or skirt. Insignia will be displayed on various places depending on the type of uniform: Rank insignia is displayed in the center of an ACU cap. [10] A rank insignia patch will also be sewn on the chest area of an ACU. The “Green” uniforms of officers will show rank insignia on the shoulders. [11] An officer’s rank insignia will be displayed in the center of his or her beret, when one is worn. [12] Officer’s “Green” uniforms will have a black stripe on the outside of each trouser leg, as well as a black band on each sleeve just above the cuff. [13] 2 Distinguish Lieutenant and Captain insignia. [14] [15] Second Lieutenants (2LT, O-1) , First Lieutenants (1LT, O-2) and Captain (CPT, O-3) all have bar-shaped insignia. A Second Lieutenant’s is a single gold bar, while the First Lieutenant’s is a single silver bar. A Captain’s (CPT, O-3) insignia is made up of two silver bars. 3 Distinguish Major and Lieutenant Colonel insignia. [16] [17] Both of these ranks have leaf-shaped insignia. However, a Major’s (MAJ, O-4) is a gold leaf, while a Lieutenant Colonel’s (LTC, O-5) is a silver leaf. 4 Learn the insignia of a Colonel. [18] [19] A Colonel (COL, O-6) is the last rank prior to general. The insignia of t",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which country invaded and now controls the north of the island of Cyprus?",
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"content": "Cyprus country profile - BBC News BBC News Read more about sharing. Close share panel By legend the birthplace of the ancient Greek goddess of love Aphrodite, Cyprus's modern history has, in contrast, been dominated by enmity between its Greek and Turkish inhabitants. Cyprus has been divided since 1974 when Turkey invaded the north in response to a military coup on the island which was backed by the Athens government. The island was effectively partitioned with the northern third inhabited by Turkish Cypriots and the southern two-thirds by Greek Cypriots. United Nations troops patrol the \"Green Line\" dividing the two parts. Reunification talks have proceeded slowly. Cyprus successfully diversified its largely agrarian economy into one based on services - including a large tourism sector - and light manufacturing. More recently it has also developed into an important financial hub, especially for investors from Russia and Eastern Europe. Area 9,251 sq km (3,572 sq miles) (combined) Major languages Greek, Turkish Life expectancy 78 years (men), 82 years (women) (UN) Currency euro; Turkish lira in the north UN, World Bank President: Nicos Anastasiades Image copyright Getty Images Conservative Democratic Rally candidate Nicos Anastasiades won the February 2013 run-off election by one of the biggest margins for many years, promising to do whatever was needed to secure a financial rescue package. He pledged to hammer out a quick deal with foreign lenders and bring Cyprus closer to Europe, in a shift from the policies of the outgoing Communist government that first sought aid from Russia before turning to the European Union. He quickly reached agreement with the UN and IMF on a 10bn-euro bank bailout, which was equally quickly amended to safeguard smaller bank accounts after parliament rejected the deal. On the question of reunification with the separatist Turkish Cypriot north, President Anastasiades welcomed the election of pro-unity Turkish Cypriot leader Mustafa Akinci in 2015 and immediately agreed to the resumption of hitherto stalled talks. Turkish Cypriot leader: Mustafa Akinci Image copyright Getty Images Mustafa Akinci, a social democrat, swept to victory in the Turkish Cypriot communal presidential election in 2015, promising to push harder for a peace deal in Cyprus. He beat the nationalist incumbent Dervis Eroglu. As long-serving mayor of the Turkish Cypriot municipality of North Nicosia between 1976 and 1990, Mr Akinci had pioneered cooperation with his southern counterpart on practical sanitation and heritage projects. This experience illuminates his later devotion to the cause of Cypriot reunification. He founded the Peace and Democracy Movement in 2003 in support of the UN's Annan Plan for a united Cyprus within the European Union, and also advocates a policy of greater independence from Turkey in policy matters. The Cypriot government welcomed his election. The status of Northern Cyprus as a separate entity is recognised only by Turkey. MEDIA The Cypriot media mirror the island's political division, with the Turkish-controlled zone in the north operating its own press and broadcasters. Some 95% of Cypriots were online by 2015 and 70% on Facebook. Some key dates in the history of Cyprus: Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Tension between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots degenerated into violence not long after independence 1914 - Cyprus annexed by Britain, after more than 300 years of Ottoman rule. Britain had occupied the island in 1878, although it remained nominally under Ottoman sovereignty. 1955 - Greek Cypriots begin guerrilla war against British rule. The guerrilla movement, the National Organisation of Cypriot Combatants (EOKA), wants enosis (unification) with Greece. 1960 - Britain grants independence to Cyprus under a power-sharing constitution between Turkish and Greek Cypriots, holding intervention rights over the island along with Turkey and Greece. 1963 - President Makarios raises Turkish fears by proposing constitutional changes which would abrogate power-sharing arrangements. Inter-co",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What \"\"wonder drug\"\" was discovered by Alexander Fleming?\"",
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"content": "Alexander Fleming Discovers Penicillin Alexander Fleming Discovers Penicillin Medical Advances & Issues Alexander Fleming Discovers Penicillin British bacteriologist and Nobel laureate Sir Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955) in his laboratory at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington. (1941). (Photo by Topical Press Agency/Getty Images) By Jennifer Rosenberg Updated March 10, 2016. In 1928, bacteriologist Alexander Fleming made a chance discovery from an already discarded, contaminated Petri dish. The mold that had contaminated the experiment turned out to contain a powerful antibiotic, penicillin. However, though Fleming was credited with the discovery, it was over a decade before someone else turned penicillin into the miracle drug that has helped save millions of lives. Dirty Petri Dishes On a September morning in 1928, Alexander Fleming sat at his work bench at St. Mary's Hospital after having just returned from a vacation at the Dhoon (his country house) with his family. Before he had left on vacation, Fleming had piled a number of his Petri dishes to the side of the bench so that Stuart R. Craddock could use his work bench while he was away. Back from vacation, Fleming was sorting through the long unattended stacks to determine which ones could be salvaged. Many of the dishes had been contaminated. Fleming placed each of these in an ever-growing pile in a tray of Lysol. continue reading below our video 4 Tips for Improving Test Performance Looking for a Wonder Drug Much of Fleming's work focused on the search for a \"wonder drug.\" Though the concept of bacteria had been around since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first described it in 1683, it wasn't until the late nineteenth century that Louis Pasteur confirmed that bacteria caused diseases. However, though they had this knowledge, no one had yet been able to find a chemical that would kill harmful bacteria but also not harm the human body. In 1922, Fleming made an important discovery, lysozyme. While working with some bacteria, Fleming's nose leaked, dropping some mucus onto the dish. The bacteria disappeared. Fleming had discovered a natural substance found in tears and nasal mucus that helps the body fight germs. Fleming now realized the possibility of finding a substance that could kill bacteria but not adversely affect the human body. Finding the Mold In 1928, while sorting through his pile of dishes, Fleming's former lab assistant, D. Merlin Pryce stopped by to visit with Fleming. Fleming took this opportunity to gripe about the amount of extra work he had to do since Pryce had transferred from his lab. To demonstrate, Fleming rummaged through the large pile of plates he had placed in the Lysol tray and pulled out several that had remained safely above the Lysol. Had there not been so many, each would have been submerged in Lysol, killing the bacteria to make the plates safe to clean and then reuse. While picking up one particular dish to show Pryce, Fleming noticed something strange about it. While he had been away, a mold had grown on the dish. That in itself was not strange. However, this particular mold seemed to have killed the Staphylococcus aureus that had been growing in the dish. Fleming realized that this mold had potential. What Was That Mold? Fleming spent several weeks growing more mold and trying to determine the particular substance in the mold that killed the bacteria. After discussing the mold with mycologist (mold expert) C. J. La Touche who had his office below Fleming's, they determined the mold to be a Penicillium mold. Fleming then called the active antibacterial agent in the mold, penicillin. But where did the mold come from? Most likely, the mold came from La Touche's room downstairs. La Touche had been collecting a large sampling of molds for John Freeman, who was researching asthma, and it is likely that some floated up to Fleming's lab. Fleming continued to run numerous experiments to determine the effect of the mold on other harmful bacteria. Surprisingly, the mold killed a large number of them. Fleming then ran further tests and found the mold to b",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Name the country in Europe which is double landlocked (surrounded by landlocked countries)?",
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"content": "Landlocked Countries - Geolounge Landlocked Countries 39 Total Shares A country is considered landlocked when it is surrounded on all sides by one or more other countries and therefore has no direct access to a coastline providing access to the oceans . Ad: How Many Countries are Landlocked? There are currently 48 countries (including four partially recognized states) that are completely surrounded by at least one other country. With the exception of two countries in South America (Bolivia and Paraguay) the rest of these 46 countries are found in Africa, Europe, and Asia. Map of Landlocked Countries Map of landlocked countries. There are 42 landlocked (green) and two double-landlocked (purple) countries . Map: NuclearVacuum ( Wikipedia ) Landlocked by a Single Country There are three countries that are completely landlocked (i.e. surrounded on all sides) by only country. Two of these countries are founded within the country of Italy. These single-country landlocked countries are: Lesotho which is surrounded by South Africa, San Marino, a state surrounded by Italy, and Vatican City which is a city-state surrounded by Rome, the capitol city of Italy. Double-Landlocked Countries Landlocked countries that are separated from the nearest ocean coastline but not one, but two countries, are known as double-landlocked or doubly-landlocked countries. The first country that is double-landlocked is the microstate of Liechtenstein located in central Europe which is immediately surrounded by the landlocked countries of Austria and Switzerland. The second country is located in central Asia, Uzbekistan which is surrounded by the landlocked countries of Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. Largest and Smallest Landlocked Countries The largest landlocked country is Kazakhstan in Central Asia with a land area of over 2.7 million kilometers. The smallest landlocked country is the city-state of Vatican City with an area of just 44 hectares (109 acres). List of Landlocked Countries",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which religion do people worship communally in a Fire Temple?",
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"content": "BBC - Religions - Zoroastrian: At a Glance At a Glance Last updated 2009-10-02 This page provides an overview of Zoroastrian beliefs, which can be summed up by 'Good thoughts, good words, good deeds'. On this page Print this page Zoroastrianism at a glance Zoroastrianism is one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster (or Zarathustra) in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago. For 1000 years Zoroastrianism was one of the most powerful religions in the world. It was the official religion of Persia (Iran) from 600 BCE to 650 CE. It is now one of the world's smallest religions. In 2006 the New York Times reported that there were probably less than 190,000 followers worldwide at that time. Zoroastrians believe there is one God called Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord) and He created the world. Zoroastrians are not fire-worshippers, as some Westerners wrongly believe. Zoroastrians believe that the elements are pure and that fire represents God's light or wisdom. Ahura Mazda revealed the truth through the Prophet, Zoroaster. Zoroastrians traditionally pray several times a day. Zoroastrians worship communally in a Fire Temple or Agiary. The Zoroastrian book of Holy Scriptures is called The Avesta. The Avesta can be roughly split into two main sections: The Avesta is the oldest and core part of the scriptures, which contains the Gathas. The Gathas are seventeen hymns thought to be composed by Zoroaster himself. The Younger Avesta - commentaries to the older Avestan written in later years. It also contains myths, stories and details of ritual observances. Zoroastrians are roughly split into two groups: The Iranians",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; At which London Underground station is there a Blue Plaque honouring Willie Rushton?",
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"content": "Seaside town Worthing split over honouring Oscar Wilde | Culture | The Guardian Close This article is 8 years old The sea air, gentle promenades and grand mansions made Worthing, on the Sussex coast, a fashionable retreat for the Victorian Londoner. Among them, in the summer of 1894, was one of the country's most famous writers, Oscar Wilde . He was staying in the seaside town when he wrote his celebrated play The Importance of Being Earnest and even named its protagonist, Jack Worthing, in its honour. It is a connection the town has long been proud of: there is a festival staged in Wilde's name along with a local newspaper column, and a blue plaque marking his lodgings. But now a new history of the town has stirred up a deep controversy by questioning whether Worthing is right to pay homage to a man of \"reprehensible\" character. Chris Hare, a respected historian and former university lecturer, has just published Worthing, a History: Riots and Respectability in a Seaside Town. In it he points out that Wilde, a homosexual man married with children, had a documented taste for seducing teenage boys. At least one of his victims, a 14-year-old newspaper delivery boy named Alphonso, had to flee Worthing when the scandal of his relationship with Wilde became public knowledge. \"This role model, a man preying on teenage boys with little or no education - I don't think that would be regarded as heroic today. I think it would be regarded as smutty and reprehensible,\" said Hare. It was the year after his Worthing summer that Wilde became involved in a court case with the father of his long-time lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, whom the writer sued for criminal libel. But the battle culminated with Wilde being jailed for homosexuality. The people of Worthing were so embarrassed by the scandal that no local newspaper would even refer to the case. But Hare said the negative publicity reflected badly on the town and set it on a path that left it destined to forever sit in the shadow of its cosmopolitan neighbour, Brighton, 10 miles to the east. A few London families, priced out by housing booms or looking for a gentler pace of life, have moved south into Worthing's Victorian villas, but over-enthusiastic town planners who demolished much of the 19th-century architecture decades ago have left the town with little more than a patchy elegance. Even in summer its pebbly beach and grand pier lose out to the sandy seafront with the trendy cafes at nearby Littlehampton. But, according to Hare, it was a combination of typhoid, riots and then Oscar Wilde who finally ruined the town's reputation to the point of no return. \"There had been riots against Salvation Army attempts to close pubs and then there was the typhoid, so Worthing had been desperate for good publicity. When Wilde arrived, he was a godsend,\" said Hare. But now, even the future of Wilde's blue plaque, hung on the red bricks of a block of uninspiring modern flats, next to a petrol station, is being questioned. Steven Stevens, a prominent local figure who last year fought a campaign against a lap dancing club in Worthing, is unhappy that the link with Wilde brings in \"the wrong sort of people\". \"This town is going downhill tremendously fast and people feel so strongly that we have to stand up and fight against that,\" he said. \"This was a beautiful area and we shall have no truck with remembering the likes of Oscar Wilde and all the worst things in life. I myself would fight tooth and nail for any campaign to erase a link between Worthing and a child abuser.\" But although several others backed his view among shoppers in Worthing's town centre last week, even more felt he was a central part of the seaside community's history. Roger Oakley is Conservative councillor for Selden ward where Wilde's plaque is. \"We have a colourful history and whatever errors Wilde made, he is part of that. We acknowledge him but I'm not sure he is put on a pedestal here by anyone who knows anything about his private life. If the majority of the public who live in the area felt offended by the plaque, then I wou",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which state did John F Kennedy represent when a senator?",
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"content": "KENNEDY, John Fitzgerald | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives Adler, Bill, ed. The Kennedy Wit. New York: Citadel Press, 1964. ___, ed. More Kennedy Wit. New York: Bantam Press, 1965. Brogan, Hugh. Kennedy. New York: Longman, 1996. Burner, David, and Thomas R. West. The Torch Is Passed: The Kennedy Brothers and American Liberalism. New York: Atheneum, 1984. Burns, James MacGregor. John Kennedy: A Political Profile. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961. Crown, James Tracy. The Kennedy Literature: A Bibliographical Essay on John F. Kennedy. New York: New York University Press, 1968. Dallek, Robert. An Unfinished Life: John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963. Boston: Little Brown Co., 2003. Dollen, Charles. John F. Kennedy, American. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1965. Giglio, James N., comp. John F. Kennedy: A Bibliogaphy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995. Goldman, Alex J., ed. The Quotable Kennedy. New York: Citadel Press, 1965. Gray, Charles H. \"A Scale Analysis of the Voting Records of Senators Kennedy, Johnson and Goldwater, 1957-1960.\" American Political Science Review 59 (September 1965): 615-21. Kennedy, John F. \"Congressional Lobbies: A Chronic Problem Re-examined.\" Georgetown Law Journal 45 (Summer 1957): 535-67. ___. A Nation of Immigrants. 1959. Rev. and enlarged ed., with introduction by Robert F. Kennedy and new preface by John P. Roche. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. ___. Prelude to Leadership: The European Diary of John F. Kennedy, Summer 1945. Washington: Regnery Publishing, 1995. ___. Profiles in Courage. 1956. Memorial ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1964. ___. Why England Slept. 1940. Reprint. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981. ___, ed. As We Remember Joe. Cambridge, MA: Privately published, 1945. Lemke, William Edgar. \"The Political Thought of John F. Kennedy: To the Inaugural Address.\" Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maine, 1973. Lincoln, Evelyn. My Twelve Years with John F. Kennedy. New York: D. McKay Co., 1965. Lowe, Jacques. Portrait: The Emergence of John F. Kennedy. New York: McGraw Hill, 1961. Matthews, Christopher. Kennedy & Nixon: The Rivalry that Shaped Postwar America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996. Nevins, Allan, ed. The Strategy of Peace. New York: Harper & Row, 1960. Newcomb, Joan I., comp. John F. Kennedy: An Annotated Bibliography. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1977. Nurse, Ronald Joseph. \"America Must Not Sleep: The Development of John F. Kennedy's Foreign Policy Attitudes, 1947-1960.\" Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University, 1971. O'Donnell, Kenneth P., and David F. Powers. \"Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye\": Memories of John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1972. O'Hara, William T., ed. John F. Kennedy on Education. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 1966. Parmet, Herbert S. Jack: The Struggles of John F. Kennedy. New York: Dial Press, 1980. ___. JFK: The Presidency of John F. Kennedy. New York: Dial Press, 1983. Rorabaugh, W.J. Kennedy and the Promise of the Sixties. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Ryan, Dorothy, and Louis J. Ryan, comps. The Kennedy Family of Massachusetts: A Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981. Sable, Martin H. A Bio-Bibliography of the Kennedy Family. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1969. Sanghvi, Ramesh. John F. Kennedy: A Political Biography. Bombay: Perennial Press, 1961. Shaw, John. JFK in the Senate: Pathway to the Presidency. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Sorensen, Theodore C. Kennedy. 1965. Reprint, with new introduction. New York: Perennial Library, 1988. ___. The Kennedy Legacy. 1969. Special ed. New York: Macmillan Co., 1993. ___, comp. \"Let the Word Go Forth\": The Speeches, Statements, and Writings of John F. Kennedy. New York: Dell Publishing, 1991. Stone, Ralph A., ed. John F. Kennedy, 1917-1963: Chronology--Documents--Bibliographical Aids. Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, 1971. U.S. Congress. Memorial Addresses in the Congress of the United States and Tributes in Eulogy of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Late a President of the United States. 88th C",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is a voluntary association of mainly former British colonies that co-operate with common values and goals that include the promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, the rule of law, individual liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism and world peace?",
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"content": "A World of War: World III | TheFutureOfEuropes Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia A World of War: World III 3,935pages on A World Of War: World III is the fourth installment of A World of War (Map Game Series) and a sequel to A World of War: World II (Map Game) Lets revive some map games! Contents Rules Please don't be stupid/OP, if you are OP you will get nerfed. You can join as a vassal however, you will not be able to rebel after playing as the vassal for 5 turns. If your nation is defeated, you can rejoin as another country. One country is allowed per player, and each turn will last 3 days. If you are skipped twice you will be kicked. No Nukes, Chemical Weapons, Carpet Bombing ETC. Alliances are limited to 4 Countries. You cannot switch as another nation while still playing. You can make a massive union with another country (player or NPC) however if neither countries has a similar language or/and culture revolts are way more likely. You can join as rebellions. However these rebellions have to be logical. Only Modern(tech) Nations can colonize.(pisiu pls Flush this out later i am bad at writing in general) You must have at least 1000 edits to be a country in the top 10. You must have at least 500 edits to be a country in the top 20. Extremely short and un-detailed turns will be met by a warning from Admins. Example Confederation Economy : The Example economy drops $5,000 in GDP as the current war against Potato Kingdom forces the government to spend more in the military. Efforts are made to stimulate it, such as buying war bonds. The Exemplar government is looking for any economic assistance. Government : The government focuses heavily on maintaining civil unrest low as the war leaves many families behind. Military : The Military is damaged as the war against the Potato Kingdom kills more soldiers. New research in nanotechnology started in medical research, it could help cells of soldiers on the battlefield heal faster if wounded, maybe even regrowing lost limbs (only for the living part, there won't be any clones growing from a blown off foot). Diplomacy : Example Confederation asks an alliance with Obrikoya to assist them and to counter the Potatoes in the flank in the war, and Exemplars improves relations with Pajan through sending medical aid to the recent Earthquake. Warnings, Kicks and Bans Turn 1 (2016) Republic of Yemen Government: The Yemeni people elect Shakur Bitar, he is a Sunni president which wants to modernize Yemen. Bitar is also more liberal than other Middle Eastern rulers. However the nation is worried that with the UN and NATO fallen apart Saudi Arabia will invade them. The nation is also more free to new things. To stop the civil war, Bitar proposes a new type of Islam which takes elements from Shia and Sunni Islam, therefor Yemeni creates Shunni Islam. Because of this the Shia Rebels and the Sunni rebels can be united despite their differences, and to satisfy the Shias Yemen asks for an alliance with Iran. Laws: The Yemeni government puts new laws to make the nation better. Women's Rights: The new Yemeni government decides to give women some rights, women can now drive cars and are able to go shopping whenever they want. Women are also not required to wear burkas. Freedom of Religion: Anyone is able to practice any religion they want, no matter if its Christianity or Judaism. However religion extremism is banned. LGBT Rights: Not done immediately however with a growing younger population, which will make Yemen more advanced, however while laws banning Homosexuality are not lifted the Yemeni government changes its version of the Quran and makes it so that homosexuality is allowed. Legalization of Weed: The Yemeni government notices that if it starts legalizing Weed, new jobs could be made. Economy: Overall the economy improves. Oil Exports help the economy a lot. GDP: Yemeni GDP raises from 35.5 Billion to 37.2 Billion Military: Yemen expands its military from 66 Thousand to 67.4 Thousand and starts investing more in military in case Saudi Arabia attacks Yemen. Wars and Conflicts: Yemeni-Somali War:",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Peter Coates is the owner and Chairman of which football club in the Premier League?",
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"content": "Stoke City not yachts or private jets is what matters to Peter Coates | Football | The Guardian Stoke City Stoke City not yachts or private jets is what matters to Peter Coates Peter Coates is worth £1.2bn but the son of a miner and first world war hero has stayed close to his roots – reflected in how he runs Stoke and his views on how fans should benefit from TV riches Thursday 2 April 2015 17.00 EDT Last modified on Monday 4 April 2016 09.25 EDT Share on Messenger Close Peter Coates hardly ever misses a Stoke City game but now and again he likes to take a winter break. This season, the Stoke chairman looked through the fixtures at the back end of January, weighed up the merits of a trip to Spotland on a Monday evening in the FA Cup fourth round or a holiday in Miami, and felt it was time to get away. Yet it was not quite as straightforward a decision as some might think and come the day of the match, Coates was wandering the streets of Miami trying to find a bar showing what was happening back in Rochdale. “The first one I went in I got nowhere,” he says. “I went in the second one and it was called Linnigans. The guy was at the bar with the remote control and I said: ‘What football have you got on?’ He said: ‘What do you want to watch?’ I said: ‘Rochdale-Stoke.’ So he flicked about, found it and said he would put it on the big screen. So can you imagine, I’m in Miami, ask for Rochdale-Stoke and there it is. There were four of us, it was happy hour as well, so the drinks were half-price. It doesn’t get any better than that, does it?” Coates looks chuffed to bits telling the story. He is something of a rarity – an English owner of a top-flight club he grew up supporting in the city where he was born. He lives and breathes Stoke, so much so he says he has never given a second’s thought to how much the club he paid £4.5m for in 2006, when he returned for a second spell eight years after being hounded out, would be worth on the market now. “Me and my family, we don’t look at Stoke as a business,” Coates says. “For us it’s something important for the area and something we want to do.” When Coates talks about his family, he is referring specifically to Denise, his daughter, and John, his son. Together the three of them run Bet365, the hugely successful online betting company which owns the club, employs more than 2,500 people in Stoke and announced a pre-tax profit of £319m last year. The Sunday Times Rich List puts the family fortune at £1.2bn. Coates, sitting behind his desk at Bet365’s offices, smiles when that figure is mentioned. “I don’t take any notice of that sort of thing.” He sounds entirely genuine. The youngest of 14 children and the son of a miner who served in the first world war, Coates was brought up by his sister, Irene, after his mother died when he was two. He has stayed in touch with his working-class roots, despite the size of his bank balance, and remains a longstanding supporter of the Labour party. “My political views haven’t changed with greater wealth; I don’t think they should,” Coates says. “I’m lucky enough to be able to afford whatever I want but I don’t want to own a yacht or a private jet or anything like that – it holds no appeal to me. I don’t like that kind of environment. It’s not where I’ve come from. “I grew up in a very strong Catholic family. I think there is some connection with things like that. I think government should be on the side of the poor, not the rich. Well-off people can look after themselves – and do. Whereas the biggest challenge for us, as a society, is what we do for the bottom 20% and how we can help them to have better lives, with education being a huge key to do that.” In that context, it is not surprising Coates feels strongly about how football spends its riches, in particular the £5.1bn broadcast deal that kicks in from the start of the 2016-17 campaign. Coates talks about the importance of keeping ticket prices low, mentions the fact Stoke have offered their supporters free coach travel to every Premier League away game for the past two seasons and nods when it i",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What divides in two in a process called mitosis?",
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"content": "Mitosis | Learn Science at Scitable Mitosis Mitosis is the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells. The word \"mitosis\" means \"threads,\" and it refers to the threadlike appearance of chromosomes as the cell prepares to divide. Early microscopists were the first to observe these structures, and they also noted the appearance of a specialized network of microtubules during mitosis. These tubules, collectively known as the spindle, extend from structures called centrosomes — with one centrosome located at each of the opposite ends, or poles, of a cell. As mitosis progresses, the microtubules attach to the chromosomes, which have already duplicated their DNA and aligned across the center of the cell. The spindle tubules then shorten and move toward the poles of the cell. As they move, they pull the one copy of each chromosome with them to opposite poles of the cell. This process ensures that each daughter cell will contain one exact copy of the parent cell DNA. What Are the Phases of Mitosis? Mitosis consists of five morphologically distinct phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Each phase involves characteristic steps in the process of chromosome alignment and separation. Once mitosis is complete, the entire cell divides in two by way of the process called cytokinesis (Figure 1). Figure 1: Drawing of chromosomes during mitosis by Walther Flemming, circa 1880 This illustration is one of more than one hundred drawings from Flemming's \\\"Cell Substance, Nucleus, and Cell Division.\\\" Flemming repeatedly observed the different forms of chromosomes leading up to and during cytokinesis, the ultimate division of one cell into two during the last stage of mitosis. © 2001 Nature Publishing Group Paweletz, N. Walther Flemming: pioneer of mitosis research. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2, 72 (2001). All rights reserved. What Happens during Prophase? Prophase is the first stage in mitosis, occurring after the conclusion of the G2 portion of interphase. During prophase, the parent cell chromosomes — which were duplicated during S phase — condense and become thousands of times more compact than they were during interphase. Because each duplicated chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at a point called the centromere, these structures now appear as X-shaped bodies when viewed under a microscope. Several DNA binding proteins catalyze the condensation process, including cohesin and condensin. Cohesin forms rings that hold the sister chromatids together, whereas condensin forms rings that coil the chromosomes into highly compact forms. The mitotic spindle also begins to develop during prophase. As the cell's two centrosomes move toward opposite poles, microtubules gradually assemble between them, forming the network that will later pull the duplicated chromosomes apart. What Happens during Prometaphase? When prophase is complete, the cell enters prometaphase — the second stage of mitosis. During prometaphase, phosphorylation of nuclear lamins by M-CDK causes the nuclear membrane to break down into numerous small vesicles. As a result, the spindle microtubules now have direct access to the genetic material of the cell. Each microtubule is highly dynamic, growing outward from the centrosome and collapsing backward as it tries to locate a chromosome. Eventually, the microtubules find their targets and connect to each chromosome at its kinetochore, a complex of proteins positioned at the centromere. The actual number of microtubules that attach to a kinetochore varies between species, but at least one microtubule from each pole attaches to the kinetochore of each chromosome. A tug-of-war then ensues as the chromosomes move back and forth toward the two poles. What Happens during Metaphase and Anaphase? As prometaphase ends and metaphase begins, the chromosomes align along the cell equator. Every chromosome has at least two microtubules extending from its kinetochore — with at least one microtubule",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the test cricket venue in Birmingham, England?",
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"content": "England Vs Pakistan: Third Investec Test – Cricket Preview - Crictale England Vs Pakistan: Third Investec Test – Cricket Preview 6 months ago LinkedIn English side is set to face Pakistan for the third Test at Edgbaston, Birmingham from 3rd to 7th August. This will be England’s 500th Test match on home soil. Both teams are looking to grab a win in Birmingham with the series being levelled at 1-1. Pakistan displayed brilliant cricket in the first Test at Lord’s where they claimed their first win in 20 years. In addition to this, Pakistan leg-spinner Yasir Shah climbed to number one in the Test bowling rankings after the win with his spectacular 10 for 141 in the match. In the second Investec Test, England re-focused and levelled the series at Old Trafford, Manchester after crushing Pakistan. The home side has re-gained their confidence and is entering the venue in which they have won three out of last five Tests with big margins. One of their recent win includes a victory which led them took lead in the Ashes. The Greens’ skipper needs to win the toss and put up good lead just like they did in the home of cricket. England on the other hand has suffered an injury blow as Ben Stokes picked up calf injury during his spell at Old Trafford. Regardless of Chris Woakes stepping up and picking several wickets, addition of Stokes would mean more attack by the home side. Furthermore, Joe Root’s double ton helped in covering up of Stoke’s batting void. Besides Alastair Cook and Root, the remaining top order batsmen are not clicking, which is the major issue for the English side. The hosts’ current form and the way they outclassed the tourists at Manchester, makes them unstoppable. However, Pakistan’s quick Mohammad Amir and leg-spinner Yasir can turn the tides to their favour. The England captain reflected on Yasir, “He’s going to be a danger, there’s no doubt about that, and he will have learned from his experience up at Old Trafford, that’s what happens when you have a tough game. That’s the beauty of a series. He can bounce back now and perhaps pose a different challenge but if we play him like we did at Old Trafford and have that same kind of game-plan we should play him better than at Lord’s.” Player to Watch: Azhar Ali: His scores of 7, 23, 1 and 8 has caused a lot of damage to the Greens. However, he managed to grab 81 runs against Worcestershire few days ago and seems to found his rhythm. Pakistan cannot afford another bad spell of Azhar in Birmingham. Team News With Ben Sokes being ruled out of the match, Steven Finn will take his place. On the other hand Moeen Ali will be first choice spinner for the hosts ahead of Adil Rashid. Sami Aslam on the other hand will be included in Pakistan’s starting XI instead of Shan Masood.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Whose eyes feature in the title of a 1978 film, directed by Irvin Kershner?",
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"content": "Irvin Kershner obituary | Film | The Guardian Star Wars Irvin Kershner obituary Chosen to direct The Empire Strikes Back, he turned in one of the best sequels – and highest box-office earners – of all time Irvin Kershner's The Empire Strikes Back (1980). Photograph: Allstar/Cinetext/ Lucasfilm Monday 29 November 2010 12.25 EST First published on Monday 29 November 2010 12.25 EST Share on Messenger Close The film director Irvin Kershner, who has died aged 87, was known in the trade as a hired gun. His most famous film, The Empire Strikes Back (1980), the fifth episode in the Star Wars saga, is most commonly linked to its executive producer, George Lucas . Never Say Never Again (1983) is celebrated as the film in which Sean Connery made his comeback as James Bond after 12 years away from the role, the director merely providing the vehicle. Kershner's first feature, Stakeout On Dope Street (1958), was made under the aegis of Roger Corman, who usually gained the main credit for the films he produced. Yet, eclectic as Kershner seemed, his best films reveal a visual flair, with an eye for the telling detail and a sympathy for the rebel. The Philadelphia-born Kershner's background was in painting, photography and design. He took a degree at Temple University's Tyler School of Art in his home town. He studied painting under Hans Hoffman in Provincetown, Massachusetts, and photography at the Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles. During the second world war, he served in the US air force as a flight engineer on B-24 bombers. After the war, Kershner began his film career at the University of Southern California School of Cinema-Television, teaching photography and taking film courses under Slavko Vorkapich, the great montage artist. Kershner next accepted a job as still photographer for the US state department in the Middle East, which eventually led to an assignment as a director and cinematographer of documentaries in Iran, Greece and Turkey with the United States Information Agency, including titles such as Malaria, Locust Plague and Childbirth. When he returned to the US, he worked as writer, director, cinematographer and editor on Confidential File (1953-55), a documentary television series that recreated the events behind contemporary news headlines. Kershner on the set of RoboCop 2. Photograph: Deana Newcomb/AP Kershner and his cameraman Haskell Wexler experimented with a mixture of cinéma vérité and narrative conventions in Stakeout On Dope Street, about a trio of youths who discover a cache of uncut heroin and try to sell it. Despite the heavy warning against the evils of drug peddling, the film, shot on location using handheld cameras and a cast of unknowns, was a lively feature debut. Kershner followed it with another taut low-budget crime story, The Young Captives (1959), whose publicity shrieked \"Teenage elopers' love turns to terror as they battle crazed killer!\" The plot concerned a couple who pick up a psychopathic hitchhiker. The Hoodlum Priest (1961) was, despite its mildly provocative title, a mostly routine crime melodrama based on a true story about a Jesuit priest known for his work among ex-cons. Well photographed by Wexler, Kershner's restrained documentary approach counteracted Don Murray's movie-star good looks and the dollops of do-good philosophy. Kershner's use of locations, such as a wintry Montreal in The Luck of Ginger Coffey (1964), which starred Robert Shaw and Mary Ure as an Irish immigrant couple coping with unemployment and separation, and New York in A Fine Madness (1966), was particularly effective. In the latter, a sour screwball comedy, Sean Connery rants and raves as a radical poet, telling a group of women: \"Open your corsets and bloom, let the metaphors creep above your knees.\" Kershner continued to get fine performances from stars such as George C Scott, turning on the charm in The Flim-Flam Man (1967), and George Segal in Loving (1970), a touching and sharp drama of a commercial artist rebelling against the routine of marriage and career. In Up the Sandbox (1972), Barbra Streisan",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Looking like a large grapefruit, which citrus fruit was once known as a shaddock?",
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"content": "Pomelo, Pummelo, Chinese Grapefruit, Shaddock, Pumelo, Pommelo, And Pompelmous 0 Also called Chinese grapefruit, shaddock, pumelo, pommelo, and pompelmous. The pomelo is an exotic large citrus fruit that is an ancient ancestor of the common grapefruit. It is the largest of the citrus fruits with a shape that can be fairly round or slightly pointed at one end (the fruit ranges from nearly round to oblate or pear-shaped). The pummelo can range from cantaloupe-size to as large as a 25-pound watermelon and have very thick, soft rind. The skin is green to yellow and slightly bumpy; flesh color ranges from pink to rose. Like grapefruits, pomelo can range from almost seedless to very seedy, from juicy to dry, from sweet to sour. It is sweeter than a grapefruit and can be eaten fresh, although membranes around the segments should be peeled. Pumelos commonly have 16 to 18 segments, compared to most grapefruit that have about 12 segments. Be sure to refrigerate and use quickly. Use as you would grapefruit sections. They are also good for jams, jellies, marmalades and syrups. It is grown in many eastern countries including China, Japan, India, Fiji, Malaysia, and Thailand. It is also now grown in the Caribbean and in the United States, in California and Florida. In season November through March, Pummelos are especially popular for Chinese New Year. The Chinese believe the delectable Pummelo is a sign of prosperity and good fortune – good things will happen if they eat it. The peel is also used in Chinese cooking or candied. In general citrus peel is often used in southern Chinese cuisine for flavoring, especially in sweet soup desserts. One-fourth of a Pummelo (152 grams) has 60 calories and provides 130% of the Vitamin C recommended for the day. It is sodium, fat and cholesterol free and is a source of potassium. History of Pomelo: The pomelo is native to southeastern Asia and all of Malaysia; grows wild on river banks in the Fiji and Friendly Islands. It may have been introduced into China around 100 B.C. It is much cultivated in southern China (Kwang-tung, Kwangsi and Fukien Provinces) and especially in southern Thailand on the banks to the Tha Chine River; also in Taiwan and southernmost Japan, southern India, Malaya, Indonesia, New Guinea and Tahiti. The pomelo is also called shaddock after an English sea captain, Captain Shaddock, who introduced the seed to the West Indies in the 17th Century from the Malay Archipelago. The seeds produced fruit somewhat smaller than the current grapefruit, more like an orange. The size of the fruit and the fact that it grew in bunches or clusters like grapes prompted a 19th century naturalist to liken the new fruit to grapes, with which it has no botanical relationship whatsoever.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Marti Pellow was the lead singer of which band?",
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"content": "Chess in Concert CHESS IN CONCERT is currently being shown on television globally. It is also available on DVD and CD. Principal Artists MARTI PELLOW (The Arbiter) Marti Pellow is the lead singer of the enormously successful ‘Wet, Wet, Wet’. The band was found in 1983 and soon became one of the most successful groups of the 80’s and 90’s, and still continues to have top 10 records today. Marti and the group have sold over 15 million albums and garnered 26 UK top singles, 10 of which went Top 10, and 3 to number one, including the biggest selling single in UK history, ‘Love Is All Around’ which featured in the film ‘Four Weddings And A Funeral,’ and stayed at number 1 in the UK charts for an incredible 16 weeks, and the US charts for 11 weeks. They have also enjoyed incredible live success playing to over a million people worldwide. As a solo artiste, Marti has completed a number of sell out tours playing all over the world. His first solo album went straight into the Top 10 and since then all of his albums have achieved platinum status. His most recent album to be released later this year, ‘In A Sentimental Mood’ inspired by playing at the famous Ronnie Scott’s Jazz Club, will be followed by a national tour in April 2008. Marti has played Billy Flynn in the hit musical ‘Chicago’ both in the West End and on Broadway, and later this year will play the lead role of Daryl Van Horne in ‘The Witches Of Eastwick.’ What a devil he is! Marti has a chance to complete another goal in his life – to work with Sir Tim Rice. He is delighted to be part of Chess in Concert, a musical he has always been passionate about. © 2007-2010 Chess in Concert. All Rights Reserved. Web site design and development BYGAYA.COM",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Whose first film was 'Intermezzo', starring with Leslie Howard, in 1939?",
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"content": "Intermezzo: A Love Story (1939) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Intermezzo: A Love Story ( 1939 ) Approved | A concert violinist becomes charmed with his daughter's talented piano teacher. When he invites her to go on tour with him, they make beautiful music away from the concert hall as well. He ... See full summary » Director: George O'Neil (screen play), Gösta Stevens (original story) (as Gosta Stevens) | 1 more credit » Stars: a list of 42 titles created 01 Feb 2013 a list of 48 titles created 10 Mar 2013 a list of 40 titles created 11 May 2013 a list of 28 titles created 08 May 2015 a list of 23 titles created 8 months ago Title: Intermezzo: A Love Story (1939) 6.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 2 Oscars. See more awards » Photos The world famous violinist Holger Brandt comes back to his family after a tour. He and his wife have been married for many years, but their love has gone. Their young daughter gets a new ... See full summary » Director: Gustaf Molander Young Kerstin Norbäck lives in a small town. She has a relationship with a sailor, but when she tries to leave him, he shoots her. She survives and begins a new life in Stockholm. There she... See full summary » Director: Per Lindberg Embittered woman, leader of a criminal gang, has a change of heart. Director: Gustaf Molander Directors: W.S. Van Dyke, Robert B. Sinclair, and 1 more credit » Stars: Robert Montgomery, Ingrid Bergman, George Sanders Illegal refugees lead dark lives in pre-World War II Paris. Director: Lewis Milestone In the Fifteenth Century, France is a defeated and ruined nation after the One Hundred Years War against England. The fourteen years old farm girl Joan of Arc claims to hear voices from ... See full summary » Director: Victor Fleming Dr. Jekyll allows his dark side to run wild when he drinks a potion that turns him into the evil Mr. Hyde. Director: Victor Fleming Funfair worker Valdemar is unknowingly the illegitimate son of a rich landowner, colonel Von Brede. The colonel knows and employs Valdemar as his stable master. The colonel has a young and ... See full summary » Director: Gustaf Molander Polish countess Elena falls in love to a Frensh radical party's candidate, a general, in pre world war I Paris, but another officer pines for her. Director: Jean Renoir Ludvig and Sussi Battwyhl, Louis and Katja Brenner and Julia and Kurt Balzar are upper class millionaires. They don't seem to do any real work but still need a vacation in the mountains. ... See full summary » Director: Gustaf Molander An opportunistic Russian businessman tries to pass a mysterious impostor as the Grand Duchess Anastasia. But she is so convincing in her performance that even the biggest skeptics believe her. Director: Anatole Litvak During the Spanish Civil War, an American allied with the Republicans finds romance during a desperate mission to blow up a strategically important bridge. Director: Sam Wood Edit Storyline A concert violinist becomes charmed with his daughter's talented piano teacher. When he invites her to go on tour with him, they make beautiful music away from the concert hall as well. He soon leaves his wife so the two can go off together. Written by Daniel Bubbeo <dbubbeo@cmp.com> \"Let the world cry 'shame'...I love him...I'll always love him!\" Genres: 28 February 1940 (Argentina) See more » Also Known As: Mono (Western Electric Noiseless Recording) Color: Did You Know? Trivia In a published memo, David O. Selznick stated the title \"Intermezzo\" was not used because he feared the obscurity of the word would confuse audiences. See more » Goofs In the 19th minute, Anita and Holger enter a Swedish restaurant. The sign outside is in English and the Swedish word \"restaurang\" is not used. The use of such an En",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which classic 'western' does 'Marshal Will Kane' marry 'Amy Fowler' and turn in his badge, only for events to change on the arrival of a train?",
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"content": "High Noon Reviews & Ratings - IMDb IMDb Hide Spoilers: Page 8 of 35: 6 out of 11 people found the following review useful: the best American made western 14 July 2008 *** This review may contain spoilers *** just seen it again after 10 or more years. I forgot how good it is. Not your typical American western. a great story of a mans inner struggle with himself. he gotta fight him, he doesn't have a choice. People of Hadleyville don't get that, his wife don't get it, but we get it. a great performance from all of the actors, music great, camera great, editing great. simply a great film. when you wanna see a great western this one is the one to rent. it doesn't have Indians but it has a real story that makes you wanna grab your gun and go help Marshall Kane. I guess that the true moral of the story is that you can count only on yourself when the going gets tough. Loved the ending, not a word spoken, a great exit, of a great actor on the last scene of a great film. a 10 for me. Was the above review useful to you? 10 out of 19 people found the following review useful: One brave man holds his ground. 23 April 2005 *** This review may contain spoilers *** This is an incredible film. it transcends the Western genre and even 50 years later is still relevant. We all face situations where we choose to take the easy way out. Confrontation is not easy. In this movie Gary Cooper's character is torn between duty to his wife and the sense of duty he feels, not so much to the town, but to himself. He knows whatever choice he makes his life will be forever altered. Cooper's decision to stand and fight rather than live on the run ,is played out intensely over the real time setting of the movie. By the end of the film both Gary Cooper's and Grace Kelly's character have changed in their fundamental beliefs. She, a devout Quaker, has committed murder to save the man she loves. He, who believed the people of the town he protected for so long, finds out he was really alone the whole time. You can view this film in the political climate of the day, but you would miss so much about the character of the human race. In this age where character development and plot have given way to special effects and sex and violence, High Noon makes us take a critical look at what we believe in and what we feel is worth \"losing it all\" for. A great film, not to be missed. Was the above review useful to you? 10 out of 19 people found the following review useful: A great,suspense filled western. from United States 3 December 2002 What we have here,in High Noon is the classic western,with a masterfully placed element of suspense.There are many ingredients you can use to create suspense,and one of the best of them is time.Filmed in almost real time,High Noon has to be the most uniquely made western ever.Gary Cooper gives us a more realistic hero.He very successfully proves that even the best of heroes can be afraid,because,after all,he is as human as the rest of us.What I also loved is the continuous playing of the movie's theme song,very faintly in the background as hero walked alone in the street.There are many debates as to the greatest western ever,and even I have trouble settling the matter in my own mind,but rest assured that High Noon should rank near the top on anyone's list.Classic! Was the above review useful to you? 11 out of 21 people found the following review useful: Low Tide 19 July 2011 *** This review may contain spoilers *** In the opening scenes of this turgid dud, Sheriff Will (Cooper) is burdened by marriage to the most mind-numbingly dumb wife. Grace Kelly portrays the Quaker airhead. The flimsy conflict immediately becomes about whether Gary Cooper or his wife's viewpoint will win out. If you think Kelly's underwritten storyline holds even a prayer of potential, well... only the Teleltubbies has less conflict than this movie. Gary Cooper, always a thuddingly dull actor, gives easily his most boring performance. The story is a thinly veiled allegory of the McCarthy hearings which would be fine if it did something artful with it. Instead it sho",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is term for the Indian religious belief that the soul will enter a new body after death?",
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"content": "The Soul | Native American Netroots Native American Netroots …a forum for the discussion of political, social and economic issues affecting the indigenous peoples of the United States, including their lack of political representation, economic deprivation, health care issues, and the on-going struggle for preservation of identity and cultural history Search by Ojibwa Many religious traditions include the concept of the soul. In some traditions, the human soul is central to the belief system, while in others it is not. In some religious traditions, particularly the Christian tradition which the European colonists and the American government attempted to force upon the indigenous cultures of North America, humans have only one soul. However, in many American Indian religious traditions, humans are seen as having multiple souls. Among the Sheepeater Shoshone, there are three kinds of souls. The first of these is the suap or “ego-soul” which is embodied in the breath. The second is the navushieip or “free-soul” that is able to leave the body during dreams, trances, and comas. It is the navushieip that encounters the guardian spirit that becomes one’s ally during life. Finally, there is mugua or “body-soul” which activates the body during the waking hours. A Shoshone camp is shown above. Religious healers used two different methods for curing the sick. For some kinds of sickness they would rely on their intimate knowledge of the curative powers of certain plants. In other kinds of healing, they would remove foreign objects from the patient’s body or go into a trance to restore the patient’s soul. Among the Sheepeater Shoshone, if a person was sick because the soul had fled, then the medicine person went into a trance to search for the soul. If found during the trance, the soul could be restored to the body and in this way the sick person was restored to health. Among the cultural traditions of the Atlantic Northeast, humans were seen as having more than one soul. Among the Narragansett, for example, there was one soul that worked when the body was asleep and another soul that would leave the body after death. When the body was asleep, the dream soul-Cowwéwonck-would roam, often appearing as a light, and seek out guardian spirits. The other soul-Míchachunck-was located near the heart and was the individual’s animating force. Among the Huron, each person has two souls: one of these souls animates the body and one soul extends beyond physical activities. In sleep, one soul communicates with spirits and with other human souls. When this soul returns to the body, dreams are the way in which the soul’s experiences are communicated. From a Huron perspective, it was essential to reenact these dream adventures in order to unify the two souls and make each person whole again. The failure to do this would result in serious illness which could impact the entire village. According to Anishinabe (Ojibwa, Chippewa) spiritual teachings, human beings have two souls, one of which travels at night and lives the dreams. With two souls, human beings can communicate with both the spirits and the souls of non-human persons. Chippewa elder John Thunderbird explains it this way: “Your soul dreams those dreams; not your body, not your mind. Those dreams come true.” He also points out: “The soul travels all over the world when you dream.” Reincarnation: Around the world, many religious traditions teach that after death the soul is reincarnated. Among the Indians of North America, the concept of reincarnation is found in many tribes. Sioux physician Charles Eastman writes: “Many of the Indians believed that one may be born more than once, and there were some who claimed to have full knowledge of a former incarnation.” Writing in 1817 about one Lenni Lenape man, Christian missionary John Heckewelder reports: “He asserted very strange things, of his own supernatural knowledge, which he had obtained not only at the time of his initiation, but at other times, even before he was born. He said he knew that he had lived through two generations; that he ha",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The African and French marigolds are native to what country?",
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"content": "Marigolds | Horticulture and Home Pest News This article was published originally on 3/15/1996 Byline: by Richard Jauron, Department of Horticulture A native of Mexico, marigolds have been grown in gardens throughout the world for hundreds of years. Today, they are one of the most popular bedding plants in the United States. Marigolds are easy to grow, bloom reliably all summer, and have few insect and disease problems. The marigold's only shortcoming (for some people) is its pungent aroma. There are numerous marigold varieties available to home gardeners. Many of the commonly grown marigolds are varieties of African and French marigolds. Less known are the triploid hybrids and the signet marigolds. The African marigolds (Tagetes erecta) have large, double, yellow-to-orange flowers from midsummer to frost. Flowers may measure up to 5 inches across. Plant height varies from 10 to 36 inches. African marigolds are excellent bedding plants. Tall varieties can be used as background plantings. Suggested African marigolds for Iowa include varieties in the Inca and Perfection series. (A series is a group of closely related varieties with uniform characteristics, such as height, spread, and flowering habit. The only characteristic that varies within a series is flower color.) African marigolds are also referred to as American marigolds. The French marigolds (Tagetes patula) are smaller, bushier plants with flowers up to 2 inches across. Flower colors are yellow, orange, and mahogany-red. Many varieties have bicolored flowers. Flower heads may be single or double. Plant height ranges from 6 to 18 inches. The French marigolds have a longer blooming season than the African marigolds. They generally bloom from spring until frost. The French marigolds also hold up better in rainy weather. French marigolds are ideal for edging flower beds and in mass plantings. They also do well in containers and window boxes. Queen Sophia and Golden Gate are excellent French marigold varieties. Varieties in the Boy, Early Spice, Hero, Janie, and Safari series also perform well in Iowa. The triploid hybrids are crosses between the tall, vigorous African marigolds and the compact, free-flowering French marigolds. Triploid hybrid marigolds are unable to set seed. As a result, plants bloom repeatedly through the summer, even in hot weather. One problem with the triploids is their low seed germination rate. Average germination is around 50 percent. Since the triploid hybrids are unable to produce viable seed, they also know as mule marigolds. Signet marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia) are quite different from most marigolds. Signet marigold plants are bushy with fine, lacy foliage. The small, single flowers literally cover the plants in summer. Flower colors range from yellow to orange. They are also edible. The flowers of signet marigolds have a spicy tarragon flavor. The foliage has a pleasant lemon fragrance. Signet marigolds are excellent plants for edging beds and in window boxes. The varieties Golden Gem and Lemon Gem do well in Iowa. There are basically three planting options available to home gardeners when planting marigolds. Marigold seed can be sown directly outdoors when the danger of frost is past or started indoors 6 weeks prior to the last frost date. Marigolds are also available as bedding plants at garden centers. Planting site requirements for marigolds are full sun and a well-drained soil. Plant spacing varies from 6 to 9 inches for the French marigolds and up to 18 inches for the taller African marigold varieties. Summer care of marigolds is simple. Water occasionally during dry weather and pinch off faded flowers to encourage additional bloom. Tall African marigolds may require staking to prevent the plants from falling over or lodging during storms. While marigolds are seldom bothered by insects and diseases, they are not problem free. Spider mites can devastate marigolds in hot, dry weather. Grasshoppers can also cause considerable damage. Aster yellows is an occasionally disease problem. In a",
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trivia_qa_1505862
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What sculpture appeared at the end of the movie \"\"Planet of the Apes\"\"?\"",
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"content": "Statue Of Liberty Almost Appeared In RISE OF THE PLANET OF THE APES Ending Sci-Fi Headlines Pictures Videos Wallpaper Statue Of Liberty Almost Appeared In RISE OF THE PLANET OF THE APES Ending Film Sketchr has gotten their hands on Rise of the Planets of the Apes concept art that reveals an alternate ending with the Statue of Liberty. Fans of the original Planet of the Apes (1968) will immediately understand its significance. Come check it out. I know a lot of people say they enjoy happy endings, but many of the films I love have dark or twisted endings. One of the best endings can be found in 1968's Planet of the Apes. Astronaut George Taylor (Charlton Heston) thinks he landed on a strange planet where apes are the dominant species, not man, but in the end Taylor discovers he isn't on a different planet; he's actually on Earth. This is becomes apparent when Taylor comes across the top portion of the Statue of Liberty sticking out of the beach in the closing minutes. Tim Burton tried to duplicate that twist ending with his Planet of the Apes remake, but it didn't have the same effect. When Rise of the Planets of the Apes came out in 2011 many people expected director Rupert Wyatt to attempt a twist ending of his own, but he chose not to. He did have plans to reference that iconic scene, as shown in the concept art below. The images were created by concept artist Brian Cunningham (via Film Sketchr) . It would've shown Caesar climbing the staircase inside of the Statue of Liberty and looking out from the top of it to witness New York City ablaze.",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who wrote the famous children’s book ‘Heidi’, published in 1880?",
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"content": "Heidi | Girlebooks By Johanna Spyri ⋅ Read Our Review (32 votes) Written in 1880 by Swiss author Johanna Spyri, the Heidi books are the best known works of Swiss literature. The story focuses on events in the life a young orphan sent to live with her grumpy grandfather in the Swiss Alps. Just as she is beginning to get used to her surroundings, Heidi is sent away from the tranquility of the mountains to tend to a sick cousin in the city. Much more than a children's story, the story is also a lesson on the nature of freedom. This edition is an English translation. The illustrated edition contains color illustrations by Maria L. Kirk.",
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trivia_qa_1505864
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What score in cricket is considered unlucky by Australians?",
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"content": "The real story behind Australia's unlucky number 87 | cricket.com.au The real story behind Australia's unlucky number 87 02 November 2014 Mitch Marsh the latest Aussie to make 87 | Getty Images Sam Ferris @samuelfez Revealing one of cricket's great misconceptions When Mitchell Marsh fell for a defiant 87 on the evening of the third day in Abu Dhabi, the young allrounder was dismissed on what is widely known as cricket’s Devil number. Considered the unluckiest number in Australian cricket, many know 87 as taboo for being 13 short of the coveted 100 every batsman pursues. But that’s not the reason why the number 87 is said to be possessed by the Devil when associated with an unlucky batsman. Quick Single: Rookie Marsh leads the way The origin of the superstition stretches back 85 years to December 1929, when a 10-year-old Keith Miller was watching Australia’s greatest cricketer in a Sheffield Shield match at the MCG. Don Bradman was putting on a batting master class for NSW against hosts Victoria, when out of nowhere the Don was bowled neck and crop by Harry ‘Bull’ Alexander on 87. Miller was stunned. How could this happen to his hero? The number became a fixation for Miller, who would rifle through newspapers for club cricket scorecards in search for the unlucky figure. The shock of Bradman’s untimely demise stayed with Miller. The legend spread when Miller was playing district cricket for South Melbourne alongside future Test captain Ian Johnson. Johnson was dismissed on 87, providing Miller the opportunity to recount the famous incident and offer his unholy theory. The myth began circling the cricket community and became folklore after World War II when Richie Benaud and Alan Davidson heard of it. However, as the hype around the superstition reached its highest point, Miller decided to review the scorebook of the match only to find a shocking revelation. Bradman was actually bowled for 89. Miller blamed the slow MCG scorecard for the error, but the damage had been done, 87 would remain forever as the Devil’s number. Marsh’s exit on 87 was the 14th time an Australian has been dismissed on the haunting score, and it’s not the only time a Marsh has surrendered his innings 13 short of a century, with father Geoff snapped up by the Devil in a one-day international against England in 1988. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of Cricket Australia. About the Writer",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; How many points are required to win a standard game of cribbage?",
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"content": "Six-card cribbage: rules and variations of the card game Cribbage equipment Introduction Six Card Cribbage is basically a game for two players, but adapts easily for three players, and for four players in fixed partnerships - a very useful feature. It is now the standard form of Cribbage and widely played in English speaking parts of the world. See also the page on Five Card Cribbage , an older form of the game which has been largely forgotten, though it is still played in parts of Britain. Cribbage in England is primarily a pub game - indeed, it is one of the few games allowed by Statute to be played in a public house for small stakes. A game of low animal cunning where players must balance a number of different objectives, remain quick witted enough to recognise combinations, and be able to add up, it is perhaps not the most obvious of games to be so firmly associated with the English pub. It is a game where experience counts for a great deal - though luck, of course, has a large part. It is also a game where etiquette is important. The rituals associated with cutting and dealing, playing and pegging, as well as the terminology, all serve the useful purpose of keeping things in order - and they help to give the game a flavour of its own. In card playing, as with food, authenticity matters. Two-handed play Two players use a standard 52 card pack. Cards rank K(high) Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 A(low). Object To be the first to score 121 points or over (twice round the usual British design of board) accumulated over several deals. Points are scored mainly for combinations of cards either occurring during the play or occurring in a player's hand or in the cards discarded before the play, which form the crib or box. Board and Pegs The score is kept by means of a board and pegs. Starting at one end of the board - usually to the left of the first dealer - players peg their scores as they occur using their two pegs alternately: the forward peg shows the player's latest score, and the rear peg shows the previous score. When a player scores, the rear peg is moved in front of the forward peg by the same number of holes as the score to show the new total. This enables scores to be easily checked and acts as a visible statement of the progress of the game. Players peg up on the outside of the board and back on the inside. The winner is the first to peg out by exceeding 120. The exact design of the board is not critical. The diagram shows the type of board most commonly used in Britain. In North America they come in a great variety of shapes. The essential feature is a track for each player with holes representing the numbers from 1 to 120. Deal The first deal is determined by cutting the cards. The player cutting the lower card deals and has the first box or crib. If the cards are equal - and that includes both players cutting a ten card (10, J, Q or K) - there is another cut for first deal. The deal then alternates from hand to hand until the game is over. It is usual to play best of three games. The opponent of the first dealer in the first game deals first and gets the first box in the second game. For the third game - if a decider is needed - there is a fresh cut to decide who deals first. The dealer shuffles, the non-dealer cuts the cards [but see variations ], and dealer deals 6 cards face down to each player one at a time. The undealt part of the pack is placed face down on the table. At the end of each hand, the played cards are gathered together and the whole pack is shuffled by the new dealer before the next deal. Discard Each player chooses two cards to discard face down to form the crib. These four cards are set aside until the end of the hand. The crib will count for the dealer - non-dealer will try to throw cards that are unlikely to make valuable combinations, but must balance this against keeping a good hand for himself. Dealer, on the other hand, may sometimes find it pays to place good cards in the box - especially if they cannot be used to best advantage in hand. Start Card Non-dealer cuts the stack of undealt cards,",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"The name of which Biblical character means, \"\"Father of Many\"\"?\"",
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"content": "Behind the Name: Biblical Names ABIMAEL אֲבִימָאֵל m Biblical Means \"my father is God\" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament he is listed as a descendant of Shem. ABIMELECH אֲבִימֶלֶך m Biblical Means \"my father is king\" in Hebrew. This is the name of several characters in the Old Testament including a king of Gerar who takes Abraham 's wife Sarah , but is forced by God to give her back. ABIRAM אֲבִירָם m Biblical Means \"my father is exalted\" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament, Abiram is swallowed by an earthquake after rebelling against the leadership of Moses . ABISHAG אֲבִישַׁג f Biblical Means \"my father strays\" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament she is a young woman who tends King David in his old age. ABISHAI אֲבִישַׁי m Biblical Means \"my father is a gift\" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament he is one of King David 's heroes. ABITAL אֲבִיטָל f Biblical Means \"my father is the night dew\" in Hebrew. She is the fifth wife of David in the Old Testament. AZARIAH עֲזַרְיָה m Biblical Means \" YAHWEH has helped\" in Hebrew. This is the name of many Old Testament characters including of one of the three men the Babylonian king ordered cast into a fiery furnace... [more] AZAZEL עֲזָאזֵל m Biblical Means \"scapegoat\" in Hebrew. This is the name of the recipient of a sacrificial goat in the Old Testament. The identity of Azazel is not clear; it may in fact be the name of the place where the goat is to be sacrificed, or it may be the name of some sort of evil desert demon. AZAZIAH עֲזַזְיָהוּ m Biblical Means \" YAHWEH is strong\" in Hebrew. This is the name of three minor characters in the Old Testament. AZEL אָצֵל m Biblical Means \"reserved\" in Hebrew. This is both the name of a minor character and a place name in the Old Testament. GAMALIEL גַּמְלִיאֵל m Biblical Means \"benefit of God\" in Hebrew. In Acts in the New Testament he is a teacher of Saint Paul . GEDALIAH גְּדַלְיָהוּ m Biblical Means \" YAHWEH is great\" in Hebrew. This was the name of several characters in the Old Testament, including the governor of Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar. GEMARIAH גְּמַרְיָהוּ m Biblical Means \" YAHWEH has accomplished\" in Hebrew. This was the name of a friend of Jeremiah in the Old Testament. GERA גֵּרָא m Biblical Possibly means \"a grain\" in Hebrew. This was the name of several members of the tribe of Benjamin in the Old Testament. HELAH חֶלְאָה f Biblical Means \"rust\" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament this name is mentioned as one of the wives of Asher. HELI (1) m Biblical , Biblical Latin Latin form of ELI (1) used in the Old and New Testament. This form of the name is used in most English versions of the New Testament to refer to the father of Joseph (husband of Mary ) in the genealogy in the Gospel of Luke. HEPHZIBAH חֶפְצִי־בָּה f Biblical Means \"my delight is in her\" in Hebrew. She is a queen and the mother of Manasseh in the Old Testament. JAALA יַעֲלָה m Biblical Means \"wild goat\" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament this is the name of a servant of Solomon. JAASAU יַעֲשָׂי m Biblical Means \"they will do\" in Hebrew. This was the name of a descendant of Bani in the Old Testament. JABEZ יַעְבֵץ m Biblical Means \"sorrow\" in Hebrew. This is the name of a character in the Old Testament who is blessed by God. JABIN יָבִין m Biblical Means \"perceptive\" in Hebrew. This name was borne by two kings of Hazor in the Old Testament. JACHIN יָכִין m Biblical Means \"he establishes\" in Hebrew. This was the name of a son of Simeon in the Old Testament. JAVAN יָוָן m Biblical Means \"Greece\" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament this is the name of a grandson of Noah and the ancestor of the Greek people. JECONIAH יְכָנְיָה m Biblical Means \"established by YAHWEH \" in Hebrew. This is another name (with the same meaning) of the Judean king Jehoiachin . JEDIDAH יְדִידָה f Biblical Means \"beloved\" in Hebrew. In the Old Testament this is the name of the wife of King Amon of Judah and the mother of Josiah . JEDIDIAH יְדִידְיָה m Bi",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On 21st November 1970 what British currency ceased to be legal tender?",
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"content": "Victorian coinage WHAT'S A GUINEA? Money and Coinage in Victorian - and twentieth century - Britain If you are under the age of 40 or didn't live in the United Kingdom or one of the Commonwealth countries which shared its strange currency before 1971, then you need this page. Pounds, shillings, and pence The coinage used in Victorian Britain had been much the same for three hundred years and was based on a system which had existed for more than a millennium. It lasted until 1971 when the currency was finally decimalised and the pound was divided into 100 smaller units. Similar changes were made to the currency in Ireland and several Commonwealth countries which still used Britain's ancient coinage system. In Britain the pound Sterling was (and is) the central unit of money. Prior to decimalization the pound was divided into twenty shillings and each shilling was divided into twelve pennies or pence. Although those divisions may seem odd, in fact having a pound divided into 240 equal parts does mean it can be exactly divided into halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, sixths, eighths, tenths, twelfths, fifteenths, sixteenths, twentieths, twenty-fourths, thirtieths, fortieths, forty-eightieths, sixtieths, eightieths, and one-hundred-and-twentieths. A decimal system allows precise division only into halves, quarters, fifths, tenths, twentieths, twenty-fifths, and fiftieths. Amounts of money were written in various ways. The pound was represented, as it still is, by a £ sign, the shilling by a 's' and the penny by a 'd' (for 'denarius', a Roman silver coin which was also used as the name for the English silver penny). So the meaning of £3-4s-6d is fairly obvious. But amounts below a pound were also written 12/6 meaning 12s-6d or 10/- or sometimes 10/= meaning ten shillings. An amount such as 12/6 would be pronounced 'twelve and six' as a more casual form of 'twelve shillings and sixpence'. From the late eighteenth century a shilling was popularly called a 'bob' as in 'it cost three bob'. But you would only use that for whole shillings so it would be 'three bob' or 'three and eight' but never 'three bob and six'. From the early 19th century a five shilling piece or crown was sometimes called a dollar, probably because its appearance was similar to the Spanish dollar or peso - sometimes called a piece of eight. This expression gained currency again in the 1940s when US troops came to the UK during World War II. At the time a US dollar was worth exactly 5s. In the post-war period right up to the 1960s the phrase 'half a dollar' meaning 2/6 was also used. The guinea A guinea was £1-1s-0d (which is £1.05) and could be written as '1g' or '1gn' or, in the plural, '3gs' or '3gns'. It was considered a more gentlemanly amount than £1. You paid a tradesman, such as a carpenter, in pounds but a gentleman, perhaps an artist, in guineas. It was a tradition in the legal profession that a barrister was paid in guineas but kept only the pounds, giving his clerk the shillings (they were all men then). In the 1850s and 60s the standard rate paid by Dickens for contributions to his weekly periodicals Household Words and All The Year Round was half a guinea a column or a guinea a page. His staff members were generally paid five guineas a week. In the early 1850s, before he worked for Dickens, Wilkie Collins was paid five-eighths of a guinea a page for his work in Bentley's Miscellany. That odd amount was worked out from the rate of ten guineas for a printed sheet of sixteen pages. Per word, both amounts were similar. Like the pound, the guinea could also be divided exactly into many different amounts - halves, thirds, quarters, sixths, sevenths, ninths, fourteenths, twenty-firsts, twenty-eighths, thirty-sixths, forty-seconds, sixty-thirds, eighty-fourths, and one-hundred-and-twenty-sixths. One useful factor was that a third of a guinea was exactly seven shillings. Coins The coinage reflected the principal divisions of the money and added some of its own. A gold coin worth £1 was called a sovereign and the half sovereign, also in gold, was worth ten s",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In 1963, US President Kennedy sanctioned a coup d'tat in which country to overthrow Ngo Dinh Diem, the Roman Catholic President, by his own army generals?",
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"content": "JFK and the Diem Coup: Declassified Records DOCUMENT 1 DCI Briefing, July 9, 1963 SOURCE: John F. Kennedy Library: John F. Kennedy Papers (Hereafter JFKL: JFKP): National Security File: Country File, box 51, folder: Cuba: Subjects, Intelligence Material. This document shows that Director of Central Intelligence John A. McCone briefed President Kennedy within twenty-four hours after a South Vietnamese general first approached CIA officer Lucien Conein. At the time multiple different plots were anticipated, at least one of which might become active the following day (the Tuyen plot referred to aborted, Tran Kim Tuyen was sent out of the country as ambassador to Egypt). The CIA also here recognizes the political significance of the Buddhist issue in South Vietnam. State-Saigon Cable 243, August 24, 1963 SOURCE: JFKL: JFKP: National Security File: Meetings & Memoranda series, box 316, folder: Meetings on Vietnam 8/24/63-8/31/63 This is the notorious \"Hilsman Cable,\" drafted by Assistant Secretary of state For Far Eastern Affairs Roger A. Hilsman in response to a repeated contact between General Don and Conein on August 23. The U.S. government position generally supported action to unseat Ngo Dinh Nhu and if Diem's departure were necessary to reach that goal, so be it. Hilsman's stronger formulation of that position in this cable was drafted while President Kennedy, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, and CIA director McCone were all out of town. Though the cable had the proper concurrences by their deputies or staff, the principals were converted by officials who opposed the Hilsman pro-coup policy. Much of the rest of August 1963 was taken up by the U.S. government trying to take back the coup support expressed in this cable while, out of concern for the U.S. image with the South Vietnamese generals, without seeming to do so. Memorandum of Conversation, \"Vietnam,\" August 26, 1963, Noon SOURCE: JFKL: Roger Hilsman Papers, Country Series, box 4, folder: Vietnam: White House Meetings 8/26/63-8/29/63, State Memcons The first of a series of records of meetings in which President John F. Kennedy and his lieutenants consider the implications of a coup and the difficulties of bringing off a successful one. Memorandum for the President, August 27, 1963 SOURCE; JFKL: John Newman Papers, Notebook, August 24-31, 1963. National Security Council staffer Michael V. Forrestal sends a memo to President Kennedy advising on what he may expect to hear at the meeting on Vietnam policy scheduled for that afternoon. Memorandum of Conversation, \"Vietnam,\" August 27, 1963, 4:00PM SOURCE: JFKL: Roger Hilsman Papers, Country Series, box 4, folder: Vietnam: White House Meetings 8/26/63-8/29/63, State Memcons President Kennedy continues his consideration of a policy of support for a coup in Saigon, this time with the participation of recently-returned ambassador to Saigon Frederick C. Nolting. The former ambassador opposes any coup in Saigon but frankly admits that the prospects for a coup depend upon the U.S. attitude. Secretary Rusk argues that Nolting's recommendations are inadequate. Kennedy orders Assistant Secretary Hilsman to prepare a study of the contingency options. This is the State Department record of the meeting. Memorandum of Conference with the President, August 27, 1963, 4:00 PM SOURCE: JFKL: JF",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of Kate Winslet's character in Titanic?",
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"content": "Kate Winslet - IMDb IMDb Actress | Soundtrack Ask Kate Winslet what she likes about any of her characters, and the word \"ballsy\" is bound to pop up at least once. The British actress has made a point of eschewing straightforward pretty-girl parts in favor of more devilish damsels; as a result, she's built an eclectic resume that runs the gamut from Shakespearean tragedy to modern-day ... See full bio » Born: a list of 30 people created 15 Apr 2012 a list of 26 people created 26 Feb 2014 a list of 25 images created 29 Sep 2015 a list of 25 people created 13 Oct 2015 a list of 47 people created 10 months ago Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Kate Winslet's work have you seen? User Polls Won 1 Oscar. Another 79 wins & 148 nominations. See more awards » Known For Finding Neverland Sylvia Llewelyn Davies (2004) 1992 Anglo Saxon Attitudes (TV Mini-Series) Caroline Jenington 2005 Romance & Cigarettes (performer: \"Scapricciatiello (Do You Love Me Like You Kiss Me)\", \"Little Water Song\") 2001 EastEnders (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) 2001 Christmas Carol: The Movie (performer: \"What If I\") 1997 Titanic (performer: \"Come, Josephine, In My Flying Machine\") 1994 Heavenly Creatures (performer: \"Sono Andati\") Hide 2016 Made in Hollywood (TV Series) Herself 2006-2016 Entertainment Tonight (TV Series) Herself 2016 Rencontres de cinéma (TV Series) Herself Herself - Nominee: Best Actress in a Supporting Role and Presenter: Spotlight 2016 Nature (TV Series documentary) Herself - Narrator 2016 60 Minutes (TV Series documentary) Herself - Actress (segment \"And the Nominees Are\") 2004-2016 Film 2016 (TV Series) Herself - Interviewee / Herself 2016 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (TV Series) Herself - Guest 2016 CBS News Sunday Morning (TV Series documentary) Herself 2015 Celebrity Conversations (TV Series) Herself 2015 Janela Indiscreta (TV Series) Herself 2006-2015 Live! with Kelly (TV Series) Herself - Guest 2015 IMDb Asks (TV Series) Herself 2015 Wimbledon 2day (TV Series) Herself - Spectator 2015 IMDb: What to Watch (TV Series documentary) Herself 2014 Divergent: Faction Before Blood (Video documentary short) Herself 2014 E! News (TV Series) Herself 2014 Omg! Insider (TV Series) Herself 2013 Celebrity Style Story (TV Series) Herself 2012 La nuit des Césars (TV Series documentary) Herself - César d'honneur 2011 The Making of Mildred Pierce (TV Movie documentary) Herself 2010 An Extras Night In (TV Movie documentary) Herself 2010 30 minuts (TV Series documentary) Herself 2009 Bambi Verleihung 2009 (TV Movie) Herself - Winner Herself - Winner: Best Actress in a Leading Role 2009 Xposé (TV Series) 2009 At the Movies (TV Series) Herself 2002-2009 Cinema 3 (TV Series) Herself 2009 Larry King Live (TV Series) Herself - Guest 2009 Días de cine (TV Series) Herself - Interviewee 2009 This Morning (TV Series) Herself - Interviewee 2008 Access Hollywood (TV Series) Herself 2002-2008 Charlie Rose (TV Series) Herself - Guest 1997-2008 HBO First Look (TV Series documentary) Herself 2008 The One Show (TV Series) Herself 2008 Showbiz Tonight (TV Series) Herself 2007 British Film Forever (TV Mini-Series documentary) Herself 2006-2007 Tavis Smiley (TV Series) Herself - Guest 2007 ITV Lunchtime News (TV Series) Herself - Actress 2007 ITV Evening News (TV Series) Herself - Actress 2007 Five News (TV Series) Herself - BAFTA Nominee 2007 ITV News (TV Series) Herself - BAFTA Nominee 2007 2007 Britannia Awards (TV Special) Herself 2006 Close Up (TV Series) Herself - Interviewee 2006 Weekend Sunrise (TV Series) Herself 2006 Le grand journal de Canal+ (TV Series documentary) Herself 2006 The Culture Show (TV Series documentary) Herself 2006 The View (TV Series) Herself - Guest 2006 Corazón de... (TV Series) Herself 2006 Deep Sea (Documentary short) Narration (voice) 2005 Titanic: EPK Press Kit (Video documentary short) Herself 2005 Happy Birthday, Peter Pan (TV Special documentary) Herself 2004 The Early Show (TV Series) Herself - Guest 2004 Good Morning America (TV",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who wrote the novel 'Jaws'?",
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"content": "Peter Benchley (Author of Jaws) edit data Peter Bradford Benchley was an American author best known for writing the novel Jaws and co-writing the screenplay for its highly successful film adaptation. The success of the book led to many publishers commissioning books about mutant rats, rabid dogs and the like threatening communities. The subsequent film directed by Steven Spielberg and co-written by Benchley is generally acknowledged as the first summer blockbuster. Benchley also wrote The Deep and The Island which were also adapted into films. Benchley was from a literary family. He was the son of author Nathaniel Benchley and grandson of Algonquin Round Table founder Robert Benchley. His younger brother, Nat Benchley, is a writer and actor. Peter Benchley was an alumnus of Phillips Peter Bradford Benchley was an American author best known for writing the novel Jaws and co-writing the screenplay for its highly successful film adaptation. The success of the book led to many publishers commissioning books about mutant rats, rabid dogs and the like threatening communities. The subsequent film directed by Steven Spielberg and co-written by Benchley is generally acknowledged as the first summer blockbuster. Benchley also wrote The Deep and The Island which were also adapted into films. Benchley was from a literary family. He was the son of author Nathaniel Benchley and grandson of Algonquin Round Table founder Robert Benchley. His younger brother, Nat Benchley, is a writer and actor. Peter Benchley was an alumnus of Phillips Exeter Academy and Harvard University. After graduating from college, he worked for The Washington Post, then as an editor at Newsweek and a speechwriter in the White House. He developed the idea of a man-eating shark terrorising a community after reading of a fisherman Frank Mundus catching a 4,550 pound great white shark off the coast of Long Island in 1964. He also drew some material from the tragic Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916. His reasonably successful second novel, The Deep, is about a honeymooning couple discovering two sunken treasures on the Bermuda reefs -- 17th century Spanish gold and a fortune in World War Two-era morphine -- who are subsequently targeted by a drug syndicate. This 1976 novel is based on Benchley's chance meeting in Bermuda with diver Teddy Tucker while writing a story for National Geographic. Benchley co-wrote the screenplay for the 1977 film release, along with Tracy Keenan Wynn and an uncredited Tom Mankiewicz. Directed by Peter Yates and starring Robert Shaw, Nick Nolte and Jacqueline Bisset, The Deep was the second-highest grossing release of 1977 after Star Wars, although its box office tally fell well short of Jaws. The Island, published in 1979, was a story of descendants of 17th century pirates who terrorize pleasure craft in the Caribbean, leading to the Bermuda Triangle mystery. Benchley again wrote the screenplay for the film adaptation. But the movie version of The Island, starring Michael Caine and David Warner, failed at the box office when released in 1980. During the 1980s, Benchley wrote three novels that did not sell as well as his previous works. However, Girl of the Sea of Cortez, a beguiling John Steinbeck-type fable about man's complicated relationship with the sea, was far and away his best reviewed book and has attracted a considerable cult following since its publication. Sea of Cortez signposted Benchley's growing interest in ecological issues and anticipated his future role as an impassioned and intelligent defender of the importance of redressing the current imbalance between human activities and the marine environment. Q Clearance published in 1986 was written from his experience as a staffer in the Johnson White House. Rummies (aka Lush), which appeared in 1989, is a semi-autobiographical work, loosely inspired by the Benchley family's history of alcohol abuse. While the first half of the novel is a relatively straightforward (and harrowing) account of a suburbanite's descent into alcoholic hell, the second part -- which takes place at a Ne",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Tower of Babel is mentioned in which book of the Bible?",
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"content": "Genesis 11 NIV - The Tower of Babel - Now the whole - Bible Gateway Genesis 11New International Version (NIV) The Tower of Babel 11 Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. 2 As people moved eastward,[ a ] they found a plain in Shinar[ b ] and settled there. 3 They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. 4 Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.” 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were building. 6 The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. 7 Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.” 8 So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why it was called Babel[ c ]—because there the Lord confused the language of the whole world. From there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth. From Shem to Abram 10 This is the account of Shem’s family line. Two years after the flood, when Shem was 100 years old, he became the father[ d ] of Arphaxad. 11 And after he became the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters. 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years, he became the father of Shelah. 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters.[ e ] 14 When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber. 15 And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 16 When Eber had lived 34 years, he became the father of Peleg. 17 And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters. 18 When Peleg had lived 30 years, he became the father of Reu. 19 And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters. 20 When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug. 21 And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters. 22 When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor. 23 And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters. 24 When Nahor had lived 29 years, he became the father of Terah. 25 And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters. 26 After Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran. Abram’s Family 27 This is the account of Terah’s family line. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 While his father Terah was still alive, Haran died in Ur of the Chaldeans, in the land of his birth. 29 Abram and Nahor both married. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor’s wife was Milkah; she was the daughter of Haran, the father of both Milkah and Iskah. 30 Now Sarai was childless because she was not able to conceive. 31 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai, the wife of his son Abram, and together they set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan. But when they came to Harran, they settled there. 32 Terah lived 205 years, and he died in Harran. Footnotes:",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which European city are the headquarters of the European Central Bank?",
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"content": "European Central Bank too big for new headquarters building | City A.M. Monday 11 November 2013 5:18am European Central Bank too big for new headquarters building Share Tim Wallace is a former City A.M. reporter. Follow Tim Tim Wallace THE EUROPEAN Central Bank (ECB) will not be able to fit all of its staff into its new headquarters, it said over the weekend. The institution is expanding as it is being given more powers to oversee the Eurozone’s banking system, requiring another 1,000 staff. It had not forseen the expansion when it commissioned the new building, which has been under construction since 2010. The building in Frankfurt is also running over budget – according to Der Spiegel it is likely to cost at least €1.15bn (£960m), more than double the £500m initially planned. “The ECB has decided to continue to rent one of its current buildings, the Eurotower, to house its supervisory staff,” the ECB said. “This decision means that the ECB will maintain its link with the Eurotower in Frankfurt, together with the large euro symbol in front of it, which has become something of a landmark not only for the ECB but also for the city of Frankfurt.” Share",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; At 524 feet, the highest cathedral spire ever constructed in England was blown down in 1584. Which cathedral was this spire part of?",
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"content": "Full text of \"The cathedral church of Saint Patrick; a history & description of the building, with a short account of the deans\" See other formats mmm m ST. PATRICK'S cathedral:dublin LIBRARY ANNEX WITH PLAN AND ILLUSTRATIONS BELCS CATHEDRAL SERIES fVA College of Ar^itecture L^m [)o ^°™ell UaiTersity BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME PROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Hetirg m. Sage 1S91 j^>.-?>L.2..:^.\\.»^. , .-X.^XSAAlXx^trr.... 1357 NA 5460.08'\"\"\" \"\"'\"\"\"\"\"■\"'\"'^ ^l?M.1r?!.'il?,!?\"' church of Saint Patrick: a 3 1924 015 342\"\"645\" The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924015342045 BELL'S CATHEDRAL SERIES SAINT PATRICK'S Tnic^^^\"^ THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF SAINT PATRICK A HISTORY & DESCRIPTION OF THE BUILDING, WITH A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE DEANS BY J. H. BERNARD, D.D., D.C.L DEAN OF ST. PATRICK'S WITH XXXIII ILLUSTRATIONS SEAL OF THE CHAPTER LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS. 1905 m 0. 1U\\ A.£b2.3\\fe CHISWICK PRESS : CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO. TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. AUTHOR'S PREFACE Of the authorities for the history of St. Patrick's Cathedral, the most important are the early charters and papers preserved in the archives. The extant Chapter Acts do not go back further than 1636, but a very valuable collection of miscellaneous docu- ments is preserved in the \" Dignitas Decani,\" a vellum book which was compiled in the fifteenth century for record purposes. These sources, along with the manuscripts in the custody of the Archbishop of DubUn, were carefully studied by Mr. Monck Mason, whose \"History of St. Patrick's Cathedral\" (1820) is the most complete work on the subject, and is indispensable to any future historian. It gives much information about the consti- tutional history of the Cathedral, and deals largely with the privileges of the Dean and Chapter, besides providing biograph- ical notices of all the Deans up to 1819. No less than 220 pages are devoted to the life of Swift. But it is of little use to the student of architecture, as Mr. Mason had no special knowledge of that subject. The succession of dignitaries, prebendaries and other Cathedral officials is best given in Cotton's \"Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae\" (vols, ii., v., 1848 and 1878), a work of which a new and revised edition is needed. Of recent years the important historical volumes published under the direction of the Master of the Rolls, in particular the Patent Rolls and the Papal Registers, have furnished much additional early material, and they have been examined for the purposes of this little book. I have had to trespass on the kindness of many friends during its prepara- tion, but I may be permitted to offer special thanks to Sir Thomas Drew, F.S.A., for much information as to the archi- tectural history of the fabric. J. H. B. CONTENTS CHAP. I. The History of the Church II. The Exterior and the Precincts III. The Interior IV. Historical Memorials List of the Deans of St. Patrick's . Index • . ... PAGE 3 . 25 . 41 . . . 65, . 81 . . . 87 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE St. Patrick's Cathedral from the south-east frontispiece Seal of the Chapter . ... title-page The Nave, looking east .... 2 The Cathedral FROM the south IN 1739 . ... 3 The West Front in 1795 ... .5 The Cross which marked the Site of St. Patrick's Well . . . ... 7 The West Front in 1733 .... 12 The Cathedral from the north-east in 1814 17 The Choir, looking west, in 1817 ... 19 The west end of the Nave in 1828 ... 21 The Cathedral from the north-east in 1837 24 The Palace of St. Sepulchre, 1771 . 25 Plan of the Ancient Precincts 27 The Cathedral from the south about 181 5 . 30 The Tower and West Front in 1792 . 32 The Cathedral from the north in 1733 • 34 The Cathedral from the north-",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who won Britain’s only 2014 Winter Olympics gold medal?",
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"content": "Lizzy Yarnold wins first British gold medal at Sochi Winter Olympics on the skeleton track | Daily Mail Online comments As sure and true as a laser, Lizzy Yarnold slid head first through the twists and turns of ice to emerge, as her cold calculation always suggested it would, as an Olympic champion. Under the floodlights high up here in the Rosa Khutor mountains, the skeleton heroine from Kent held her nerve with a perfect demonstration of how to slide at beyond 80mph on the most technically advanced tea tray in the world. Her reward was to win only the 10th British gold medal in the history of the Winter Olympics. VIDEO Scroll down to watch Lizzy Yarnold reflect on becoming Olympic champion Unbelievable: Yarnold eventually won by 0.97secs from American rival Noelle Pikus-Pace Track record: Yarnold broke the track record on her first and third runs She did so 30 Valentine's Days after Torvill and Dean bewitched Sarajevo with Bolero. But that was beauty and this was butchery - her winning margin when the four runs were aggregated stood at nearly a second. 'I was bold enough to learn a Russian term, which is \"I'm a champion,\"' said Yarnold afterwards. 'It's an inexplicable feeling right know. I'm sure it won't sink in for a few days.' Add Yarnold's name to that of Amy Williams, her friend and landlady in Bath, who won the same title in Vancouver four years ago. They are two of only three British women to win individual golds, the other being figure skater Jeannette Altwegg in 1952. On paper it was a mere formality for Yarnold. The 25-year-old brought a 0.44sec overnight lead into Friday's final two runs, a lead that approximates to millennia in this sport of high speed and small margins. Gold! Elizabeth Yarnold won Britain's first gold of the Winter Olympics with a brilliant performance in the Skeleton Still, there remained the possibility that she would become the most fancied front runner to lose since the hare succumbed to the tortoise. And these were not tortoises behind her. America's Noelle Pikes-Pace, lay second and dangerous. There was also the Russian challenge, led by Elena Nikitina, the dark horse whose preparations had, it was alleged, been helped by the use of a secret training slope up here in the mountains. Monopolising the facility is against the rules. Foul, cried the Australians on Thursday, only for their appeal to be rejected. The British did not challenge the hosts, confident that they could prevail no matter what skulduggery - if indeed any - was being perpetrated. Tears: Friends and family watch Yarnold cruise to victory Salute: Yarnold waves after completing her fourth and final run So it proved. Watched by her father Clive, wearing a cowboy hat with a Union Jack poked in it, mother Judith, her sisters Katie and Charlotte, and boyfriend James Roche, a backroom boy with the bobsleigh team, she made a mockery of nerves by executing a fine first run of the night - the third of the competition - in a time of 57.91sec. That was markedly faster than the existing course record of 58.43sec she herself had set the day before. It was not totally perfect, the odd brush with the wall acting as the lightest of brakes. She still touched 85mph. Her lead extended to 0.78sec. She had given pre-instructions to the 'Yarny Army' - her family and friends in the stand at the end of the track wearing t-shirts bearing her face - not to celebrate after that run however serenely fast it was. She wanted to keep her focus total. They obliged her as best they could. The fourth slide awaited her, just one more trip down this snaking fridge of fear - 1500 metres long, descending 132m at an average gradient of 9.3 degrees. Family affair: Yarnold's family - (left to right) sisters Kate and Charlotte, father Clive and mother Judith - celebrate in Russia Support back home: Children from St Michael's School in Otford, Kent, support their former pupil She had one frightening moment en route down but pulled herself back to win with a time of 58.09 sec - confirming her winning margin as 0.97sec. Pik",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Oklo in Gabon, Africa is the only known place in the world where what reaction occurs naturally?",
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"content": "Oklo Reactor – Mounana, Gabon | Atlas Obscura Please separate multiple addresses with commas. We won't share addresses with third parties. Subscribe me to the Atlas Obscura Newsletter Many people think nuclear power is an invention of mankind, and some even think it violates the laws of nature. But nuclear power is in fact a naturally occurring phenomenon, and life could not exist without it. That’s because our sun (and every other star for that matter) is itself a giant power plant, lighting up the solar system through a process known as thermonuclear fusion. Humans, however, generate power through a different process called nuclear fission, which releases energy by splitting atoms rather than combining them as in the fusion process. No matter how ingenious our race may seem though, even fission reactors are old news to Mother Nature. In a singular but well-documented circumstance, scientists have found evidence that naturally occurring fission reactors were created inside three uranium ore deposits in the west African country of Gabon. Two billion years ago, the uranium-rich mineral deposits became flooded with groundwater, setting off a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. The energy that was subsequently released then raised temperatures enough to begin boiling away the water, but when the mineral deposits eventually cooled down the nuclear reactions would start back up again. By examining the levels of certain isotopes of xenon gas (a byproduct of the uranium fission process) in the surrounding rock, scientists have determined the natural reactor proceeded in this start-stop fashion at intervals of about two and a half hours. In this manner, the uranium deposits in the Oklo region of Gabon created a natural nuclear power plant that operated for hundreds of thousands of years until most of the fissile uranium was depleted. While a majority of the uranium at Oklo is the non-fissile isotope U238, only about 3% needed to be the fissile isotope U235 for the chain reaction to start. Today, that percent of fissile uranium in the deposits is around 0.7%, indicating that the deposit had sustained reactions for a relatively long period of time. But it was this exact characteristic of the rocks from Oklo that first puzzled scientists. The low levels of U235 were first noticed in 1972 by employees of the Pierrelatte uranium enrichment facility in France. During routine mass spectrometry analysis of samples from the Oklo mine, it was discovered that the concentration of the fissile uranium isotope differed by three thousandths of a percent (%0.003) from the expected value. This seemingly small difference was significant enough to alert authorities, who were concerned that the missing uranium could be used to develop nuclear weapons. But later that year, scientists found the answer to the two-billion-year-old secret: the world’s first, and only natural, nuclear reactor.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who played 'Holly Golightly' in Breakfast at Tiffany's?",
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"content": "Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $2.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV ON DISC ALL A young New York socialite becomes interested in a young man who has moved into her apartment building. Director: Truman Capote (based on the novel by), George Axelrod (screenplay) Stars: a list of 25 titles created 02 Jun 2013 a list of 40 titles created 25 Jul 2013 a list of 27 titles created 06 Oct 2013 a list of 42 titles created 30 Oct 2013 a list of 28 titles created 11 months ago Title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) 7.7/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 2 Oscars. Another 10 wins & 12 nominations. See more awards » Videos A bored and sheltered princess escapes her guardians and falls in love with an American newsman in Rome. Director: William Wyler A playboy becomes interested in the daughter of his family's chauffeur, but it's his more serious brother who would be the better man for her. Director: Billy Wilder An impromptu fashion shoot at a book store brings about a new fashion model discovery in the shop clerk. Director: Stanley Donen Romance and suspense ensue in Paris as a woman is pursued by several men who want a fortune her murdered husband had stolen. Who can she trust? Director: Stanley Donen Romantic comedy about a woman who must steal a statue from a Paris museum to help conceal her father's art forgeries, and the man who helps her. Director: William Wyler A couple in the south of France non-sequentially spin down the highways of infidelity in their troubled ten-year marriage. Director: Stanley Donen When two male musicians witness a mob hit, they flee the state in an all-female band disguised as women, but further complications set in. Director: Billy Wilder The sprightly young assistant of a Hollywood screenwriter helps him over his writer's block by acting out his fantasies of possible plots. Director: Richard Quine A troublemaking student at a girls' school accuses two teachers of being lesbians. Director: William Wyler Five high school students, all different stereotypes, meet in detention, where they pour their hearts out to each other, and discover how they have a lot more in common than they thought. Director: John Hughes In Casablanca, Morocco in December 1941, a cynical American expatriate meets a former lover, with unforeseen complications. Director: Michael Curtiz After leaving a wealthy Belgian family to become a nun, Sister Luke struggles with her devotion to her vows during crisis, disappointment, and World War II. Director: Fred Zinnemann Edit Storyline Holly Golightly is a flighty Manhattan party girl, who expects \"money for the powder room as well as for cab fare\" for her companionship. She has even gotten a lucrative once weekly job to visit notorious convict Sally Tomato in Sing Sing, she needing to report back to Sally's lawyer the weather report that Sally tells her as proof of her visits with him in return for payment. Her aspirations for glamor and wealth are epitomized by the comfort she feels at Tiffany's, the famous high end jewelry retailer where she believes nothing can ever go wrong. Her resolve for this wealth is strengthened, if not changed slightly in focus, upon news from home. Into Holly's walk-up apartment building and thus her life is Paul Varjak, a writer who Holly states reminds her of her brother Fred, who she has not seen in years and who is currently enlisted in the army. The two quickly become friends in their want for something outside of their current lot. Paul's situation is closer to Holly's than he ... Written by Huggo See All (111) » Taglines: Audrey Hepburn as Holly Golightly. . .the most hilarious heroine who ever rumpled the pages of a best-seller. . .is serving wild oats and wonderful fun! See more » Genres: 5 October 19",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which film star did Elvis Presley's daughter, Lisa Marie, marry in August 2002? He filed for divorce just 108 days later.",
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"content": "Lisa Marie Presley : Elvis Presleys Princess : Lisa Marie Presley : : 'For Elvis Fans Only' Official Elvis Presley Fan Club Lisa Marie and Elvis Presley Video Duet : I Love You Because We now have for you to watch the emotional duet featuring Lisa Marie Presley and Elvis singing 'I Love You Because'. The audio 'single' is now available to purchase from iTunes and the video will be available beginning October 25, 2012. However only via the US website and those outside the US probably can't purchase at this time. The video itself is a masterpiece that I must say brought tears to my eyes. You will see Lisa Marie in the Sun studio recording the song and home film of Elvis' grandchildren, Lisa and Priscilla. Lisa Marie performs a wonderful duet with her late father and does not 'take over' the song - with the first 1 minute 33 seconds with only Elvis' vocals before Lisa joins in for the remaining 1 minute 22 seconds. Loading the player ... Video : Lisa Marie and Elvis Presley : In The Ghetto Duet : (03:10) Loading the player ... Elvis talks about Lisa Marie : (00:26) In concert, Elvis talks about how Lisa calls him Alvis. Loading the player ... Video : Lisa Marie and Elvis Presley : Don't Cry Daddy : Duet : Live 1997 : (03:49) Loading the player ... Lisa Marie Presley and Riley Keough on Oprah : September 12, 2007 Lisa Marie Presley Biography As the only child of Elvis Aaron Presley, rock & roll's first and most celebrated rock star, and Priscilla Presley, Lisa Marie Presley would have to work extremely hard to establish her own individuality, far far away from her famous Father. It would be a rough road, but Lisa Marie had the spark and rawness to do it and to do it on her own terms. Born to Elvis and Priscilla Presley on February 1, 1968, Elvis' only daughter spent the first four years of her life at Gracelan d where she was the apple of her father's eye. When her parents split in 1972, Lisa Marie left Memphis with her mother for the suburbs of Los Angeles, but would regularly visit Elvis in Memphis. Music was undoubtedly a big part of her life; Elton John, David Cassidy and some of Elvis' softer songs were her favorites. Having music around allowed Lisa Marie an escape. The tension between two households and the geographic distance apart was emotionally taxing for a young girl; such stress came to head August 16, 1977 when her father died. Lisa Marie was nine-years-old. The decade that followed showed an aggressive young lady that lacked direction and discipline. Lisa Marie meddled in drugs during her teenage years while listening to Devo and The Sex Pistols. At age 18, she left drugs behind and began following Scientology. During this time, Lisa Marie began writing songs, but the process proved nerve-racking. Lisa Marie was aware of the pressures of being Elvis Presley's daughter, so she didn't exactly pursue songwriting that seriously. She had something else in mind; she married her longtime boyfriend, Danny Keough, in 1988. The six-year marriage produced two children, Danielle and Ben . Motherhood grounded her, but not entirely -- Lisa Marie was a rebel at heart and the tabloids loved it. In 1994, rumors circulated that she and Michael Jackson had tied the knot in the Dominican Republic. The union was initially denied in May, but the world couldn't believe their eyes when Lisa Marie and the King of Pop appeared on the annual MTV Music Awards four months later. The two locked lips to the crowd's surprise and those watching at home were equally a gasp. Was it a gimmick or real love? Between television appearances and media scrutiny, Lisa Marie had had enough of Michael Jackson and divorced him 1997. She was mentally and physically exhausted. Music soothed her once more and a chance meeting with producer Glen Ballard motivated Lisa Marie to give the music thing another try. Ballard was impressed with her dark, luckless melodies and inked her a deal with Capitol. Her debut album was slated for a 2000 release, but Ballard didn't stick around to the final product. The next year, Lisa Marie starting dating actor Nicolas Cage;",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the first name of the 19th century Russian composer Mussorgsky?",
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"content": "Classical Net - Basic Repertoire List - Mussorgsky Modest Mussorgsky (1839 - 1881) Along with Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky , the greatest Russian composer of the Nineteenth Century, Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (March 9, 1839 - March 16, 1881) was born into a wealthy rural, landowning family. He began by picking out on the piano the tunes he heard from the serfs on his family's estate. At the age of six, he began to study piano with his mother. His parents initially set him out on the career of military officer. He became a cadet and finally commissioned in an elite imperial regiment. Two years later, in 1858, he resigned his commission. During this time, he met a musically-inclined army doctor: Alexander Borodin . The two became friends. In 1861, with Russia's emancipation of the serfs, his family lost significant income, and he was forced to earn a living. In 1863, he began a spotty career in the civil service, which dismissed him at least twice. In 1856, he met the composer Dargomïzhsky, who in turn introduced him to Cesar Cui, Mily Balakirev, and a critic named Victor Stasov. Gradually, Borodin and Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakoff joined to form a loose group known as the \"Moguchaya Kuchka\" (\"the mighty handful\" or \"the mighty bunch\"). All but Stasov nursed ambitions to compose, and all had very definite ideas about what Russian music should be. None of them had formal training in composition. Balakirev and Mussorgsky essentially taught themselves by playing through piano-duet arrangements of orchestral scores. For Russian composers of the time, this was not unusual. Neither Mikhail Glinka , the founder of the nationalist school, nor Dargomïzhsky had formally studied. After all, the first Russian music conservatory had been founded only relatively recently. All were, to one degree or another, amateurs. Rimsky, for example, was a naval officer, Borodin a doctor and chemist. Most writers consider Tchaikovsky the first great Russian composer to have had thorough academic training along German lines. Mussorgsky absorbed these main ideas of the Kuchka: Russian music should express the Russian soul. Russian music should be written in a Russian way. The latter idea meant mainly a rejection of German classical forms in favor of one-off, \"organic\" forms. Instead of a form determining the nature of the musical materials, the materials shaped the forms – bottom-up, rather than top-down. The Kuchka got these ideas from German Romantic aestheticians and revered those artists who wrote accordingly, like Franz Liszt and Hector Berlioz . Mussorgsky learned composition mainly by doing. His early efforts are in the expected short forms: songs, piano morceaux, and so on. His \"apprentice\" instrumental works, with the exception of his remarkable Intermezzo in modo classico (1862, describing Russian peasants stepping on and sinking into snowdrifts), are things you could get from just about anybody at the time. However, most of his early songs owe little to any predecessor. Practically from the get-go, Mussorgsky found something original, even among Russian composers, which may arise from the fact that he alone of all the Kuchka grew up in the country, away from the city. He actually heard serfs sing daily as part of his normal environment, and the \"crudities\" that others tended to soften attracted him in the first place. He also had larger ambitions, encouraged by Balakirev and Stasov. He began several opera projects: an Oedipus (1858-61), a Salammbô (1863-66); and most notably The Marriage (1868), based on Gogol. He completed none of them, for one reason or another, but all of them bore fruit in later works, either by providing numbers Mussorgsky re-used or, in the case of The Marriage, clarifying his ideas of word-setting. He first thought that music should set the patterns of speech \"realistically,\" as Dargomïzhsky had first theorized. While this was fine for songs, The Marriage convinced Mussorgsky that it would not work over a longer span, and he abandoned the opera after composing one act. Much of the rest of is career is spent finding new expr",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The St John’s River is the longest river in which US state?",
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"content": "DEP Kids Page - St. Johns River Environmental Postcards St. Johns River The St. Johns River, running 310 miles, is the longest river in Florida. It is one of the few major rivers in the nation that flows north, from its start in marshes southwest of Cape Canaveral to Jacksonville and the Atlantic Ocean. In between, it evolves into a series of lakes and emerges into a river averaging two miles wide for its final 100 miles. In early 1596, Don Pedro Menendez explored the St. Johns River and found it, \"a likeable spot, full of goodly fish, and the forest inhabited with all kinds of birds and beasts.\" Royal naturalist John Bartram and his son visited the river in 1765 to study its vast plant and wildlife habitats and called it \"a true garden of eden.\" Today, the St. Johns River provides the backdrop for all of Northeast Florida; it is a vital and critical part of the economy and quality of life. In December 1997, a \"River Summit\" was held to assess the current state of the river and plan for improvements. This led to the river?s appointment as an \"American Heritage River\" on July 30, 1998, recognizing its ecological, historic, economic and cultural significance. Federal, state and river community partners are working to restore the great river. Efforts include the restoration of thousands of wetlands acres and their habitats, ecosystem management, waterfront redevelopment, and a development plan to link environmental, historic and cultural sites. The legislature has allocated more than $30 million to address these initiatives. A St. Johns River Celebration is held each March to clean the river?s shores. In the past six years, 33,900 volunteers have collected two and a half million pounds of garbage. The commitment of citizens, government agencies, environmental groups and legislators is ensuring that the St. Johns River will be fully restored and enhanced for the enjoyment of visitors and citizens.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which astronomer (1473-15.43) formulated the theory which is accepted as having first placed the Sun at the centre of the solar system?",
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"content": "When the Earth Moved: Copernicus and his Heliocentric System of the Universe Copernicus and his Heliocentric System of the Universe by Dr. Severyn �o��dziowski The following is the edited text of a presentation made on October 20, 1993 at a joint meeting of the Polish Arts Club of Buffalo and the Buffalo Museum of Science in commemoration of the 450th anniversary of the first printing of Nicholas Copernicus' immortal work which revolutionized astronomy Nicolaus Copernicus 1473-1543 unknown artist, last quarter 16th century Copernicus; The Formative Years In commemorating this important historical milestone, I will review the life and work of the great Polish astronomer, give the history behind the writing of the book and its later fates, and say a few words about the Copernican model of the universe. The heliocentric model of the universe, which is now universally accepted and included in all science curricula taught in schools and colleges, was not always acknowledged by scholars. The history of Copernicanism, as this cosmological theory is called, is a case study in the evolution of human thinking and the difficulty encountered in challenging well-established traditions. Copernicus (Miko�aj Kopernik) had to develop and demonstrate the validity of the mathematical model which reflected the physical reality of the solar system. He also had to overcome centuries-old and well entrenched concepts of the universe. In order to put Copernicus' work into historical perspective let us first review the cosmology to which Copernicus was exposed as a student. We will then give a description of how the concept of the Copernican universe evolved, and end with a short history of the writing and publication of the book, its initial criticism and its final recognition. Cosmology and the Calendar Observations of the sky have been conducted since the dawn of time. Initially, the solar day was used for short term time keeping and longer periods were measured by tracking the phases of the moon. The main purpose of such long-term time keeping was to develop a means of predicting natural phenomena such as the seasons, the flooding of the Nile, lunar eclipses, etc., and to develop a calendar which could be used for scheduling religious feasts and festivals. Problems arose when the sun begun to be used as a reference point for long-term time keeping. The earliest solar calendars were based on a year which bad 360 days, a nice round number in the hexadecimal numbering system (one based on base number of 16 rather than 10). However, as we now know, the year has 365 days, hence \"New Year's Day\" gradually crept around the cycle of seasons. The calendar was scarcely useful over long periods of time, because important seasonal events, such as the flooding of the Nile in Egypt, occurred at later and later dates in successive years. To keep in step with the seasons, the Egyptians added five extra days, a holiday season, to their original year. It turned out that the 365 day year was also too short and after 40 years the Egyptian calendar was again out of step with the seasons, this time by 10 days. Therefore, with the help of Egyptian astronomers, Julius Caesar reformed the calendar. He based the new calendar upon a year of 365� days: three years of 365 days followed by one year of 366 days. This calendar was used throughout Europe from 45 BC until after the death of Copernicus. But the seasonal year is actually 11 mi and 14 sec shorter than 365�, therefore by Copernicus' lifetime, the vernal equinox had moved backward from March 21 to March 11. The resulting demand for calendar reform provided an important motive for the reform of astronomy itself. The Catholic Church was interested in the development of science in general and supported the work of astronomers. This is also true about Copernicus whose studies were sponsored by his uncle, the bishop, and whose work gained him recognition even in Vatican circles. During Copernicus' lifetime, Pope Leo X started work on the reform of the calendar. Copernicus was invited to take part in the stu",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who played the President of the United States in the film Dr. Strangelove",
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"content": "Dr. Strangelove (Film) - TV Tropes Dr. Strangelove You need to login to do this. Get Known if you don't have an account Share \"Gentlemen, you can't fight in here! This is the War Room!\" — President Merkin Muffley Dr. Strangelove or : How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb is a 1964 Black Comedy film by Stanley Kubrick . The plot is largely taken from the 1958 novel Red Alert by Peter George, who contributed to the film's screenplay. One day during the Cold War , General Jack D. Ripper ( Sterling Hayden ) goes mental. He orders the nuclear bombers under his command to carry out a surprise attack on the Soviet Union. He puts his entire military base in lockdown with all communications cut, ordering all radios confiscated (so that Communist infiltrators can't receive outside commands) and all troops to fire on anyone who tries to enter the base, even if they appear to be fellow Americans (because they will surely be Communists in disguise). Ripper's aide, British Group Captain Lionel Mandrake ( Peter Sellers ), tries to talk sense into him but shortly realizes his boss has gone right out of his pointy little mind, believing that only he stands in the way of a Communist plot to contaminate America's \"precious bodily fluids.\" In Washington, U.S. President Merkin Muffley (Peter Sellers again) holds a meeting in the War Room with his top advisors. While the Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman, General Buck Turgidson ( George C. Scott ), sees the crisis as an opportunity to hit the Russkies where they live once and for all, the President's wheelchair-bound , ex-Nazi science advisor , Dr. Strangelove (also Peter Sellers), and the Soviet ambassador (Peter Bull) both confirm that an attack on the USSR will trigger The Doomsday Machine : a computer programmed to detonate a cobalt bomb that will kill nearly all life on Earth's surface with its radiation over the course of months, if the Soviet Union is attacked (or if any attempt is made to disable the Doomsday Machine ). The president gets on the hotline and desperately attempts to convince the drunken Soviet premier that the American attack is just a silly mistake as they attempt to call off the attack. The film was supposed to be released in November of 1963 (see Too Soon in the Trivia page), but was eventually released in January of 1964. James Earl Jones made his film debut as one of the crewmen on the bomber plane. This film includes examples of: Ripper's paranoia about water fluoridation was based on real conspiracy theories about the effects of fluoridation, some which persist to this day on both extremes of the political spectrum, minus the \"vodka-drinking Russians did it\" part. Strategic Air Command's motto really was \"Peace Is Our Profession\". USAF pilot survival kits really did contain such items as condoms and nylons, which can be quite useful in survival situations. It turns out that salting a bomb with cobalt is a handy method for making human extinction more likely. The babbling about a \"doomsday gap\" and a \"mineshaft gap\" was a nod to rhetoric from the 1960 presidential campaign. John F. Kennedy had attacked Nixon and the Eisenhower Administration for allowing the Soviets to open up a \" missile gap \" between themselves and the United States (in fact, the USA actually had more missiles). This kind of discourse would continue in the seventies with the so-called \" Cruiser gap \". The 24-hour B-52 squadrons within 2 hours of their targets inside the USSR? They were part of Operation Chrome Dome . The US military actually used \" Operation Drop Kick \" as a name. It revolved around biological warfare rather than nuclear. A 2014 article in The New Yorker by Eric Schlosser confirmed what many had long suspected: that despite the disclaimer placed in front of the movie, and the scorn heaped upon its plot by the military establishment at the time, for many decades it was entirely possible for someone other than the US President to launch a nuclear first strike without authorization. The Soviets developed a real-life \"Doomsday Device\" called the Dead Hand , albeit not until",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The membership of which British intellectual socialist group formed in London in 1884 included George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Virginia Woolf, Ramsay MacDonald, Emmeline Pankhurst and Bertrand Russell?",
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"content": "Virgo-Maria N° 402 Gaude, Maria Virgo, cunctas h�reses sola interemisti. (Tractus Miss� Salve Sancta Parens) Etude mercredi 12 septembre 2007 Ce message peut �tre t�l�charg� au format PDF sur notre site http://www.virgo-maria.org/ . Malcom Muggeridge, Fabien repenti (?) (et ancien du MI6 [1] ), Mentor de Mgr Richard Williamson � � Malcolm Muggeridge (1903-1990), ancien de Cambridge, journaliste britannique, satiriste et provocateur, ses liens familiaux Fabiens, ses deux autres fils, soit dans la secte illuministe des Fr�res de Plymouth [2] , soit dans le milieu catholique traditionnel ralli�, avec notamment sa belle-fille Anne Roche (et la recension de l�ouvrage de celle-ci par Ratzinger), co-auteur d�un ouvrage avec le � r�v�rend � Anglican de la High Church, Alec Vidler, sp�cialiste du modernisme et doyen � Cambridge. L��loge appuy� et la dette de reconnaissance de Mgr Williamson envers Muggeridge, son jeu subtil en bin�me avec l�abb� Schmidberger afin de pr�parer le ralliement de la FSSPX. Description de la Fabian Society et du r�le des �poux Webb, � partir de l�ouvrage du Courrier de Rome (Le c�t� cach� de l�Histoire par Epiphanius). Avertissement Cette �tude sera publi�e � nouveau enti�rement en fran�ais dans quelques jours. Les documents en anglais de l�annexe ne seront cependant pas traduits. 1 Etude de Virgo-Maria.org Qui a enqu�t� sur Mgr Williamson ? Qui a �tudi� ? Sur sa famille et sur sa vie avant sa conversion tardive et son entr�e � Ec�ne ? A notre connaissance personne. Comment un ancien Anglican, convertit tardivement, a-t-il pu devenir pr�tre et m�me �v�que dans l��uvre de Mgr Lefebvre, ce bastion international de la r�sistance catholique qui continue encore � pr�server le Sacerdoce sacrificiel catholique sacramentellement valide et � dispenser des sacrements catholiques valides ? Sait-on que ses deux fr�res sont rest�s anglicans ? Et que sa m�re est morte anglicane, il y seulement quelques ann�es ? C�est pourquoi nous publions ici les premiers r�sultats de notre investigation, et nous invitons les lecteurs qui disposent d�informations � nous les transmettre. 1.1 Introduction � l��tude sur le Mentor de Mgr Williamson et sur les liens de l��v�que avec ce journaliste Cette investigation part des �l�ments des biographies de Mgr Williamson qui toutes soulignent fortement l�influence du c�l�bre journaliste britannique sur la jeunesse de Richard Williamson et sur son �volution ult�rieure. Ces contacts des ann�es 60 se poursuivront et, en 1990, � la mort de Muggeridge, l��v�que britannique la FSSPX prononcera un �loge fun�bre tr�s affectueux � celui envers qui il reconna�t une importante dette. Muggeridge vouait une admiration sans borne � son p�re, un Fabien, ardent promoteur du socialisme en Angleterre. Il �pousa Catherine Dobbs, une ni�ce de B�atrice Webb, fondatrice de la Fabian Society avec son �poux Sidney. Ce cercle est au c�ur des soci�t�s mondialistes, travaillant � l��tablissement d�un gouvernement mondial selon la forme du socialisme technocratique. Nous allons l�exposer, principalement � partir de l��tude d�Epiphanius, diffus�e par la FSSPX. Un des fils de Malcolm Muggeridge adh�rera � la secte fondamentaliste apocalyptique des Fr�res de Plymouth (Darbystes int�gristes) qui joue un r�le important dans la propagation d�une fausse eschatologique, celle de l�enl�vement des justes. Un autre de ses fils, John, s�illustrera comme pourfendeur de l�avortement. Son �pouse, Annie Roche, jouera un r�le dans la conversion de son beau-p�re, Malcolm, � la religion conciliaire en 1982, et elle-m�me, est l�une des figures de proue du milieu traditionaliste ralli� au Canada. Son livre fera l�objet d�une recension �logieuse par Ratzinger en 1988. Malcolm Muggeridge, comme son p�re, comme la jeune femme dont il fut amoureux, est tr�s li� � un Anglican d",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which American animator created Daffy Duck and Droopy Dog?",
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"content": "WHICH American animator created Daffy Duck and Droopy the dog? a) Tex Avery b) Walt Disney c) Matt Groening. - Chronicle Live News WHICH American animator created Daffy Duck and Droopy the dog? a) Tex Avery b) Walt Disney c) Matt Groening. ON April 1, 1957, the normally serious BBC TV news programme Panorama convinced thousands of English viewers that what type of food grew on trees? Share Get daily updates directly to your inbox + Subscribe Thank you for subscribing! Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email ON April 1, 1957, the normally serious BBC TV news programme Panorama convinced thousands of English viewers that what type of food grew on trees? a) Spaghetti b) Curry c) Cheese. A SPHEKSOPHOBIC fears which insects? a) Spiders b) Flies c) Wasps. How many pockets does a billiard table normally have? a) Five b) Six c) Seven. IN which US state was the American Declaration of Independence signed on July 4, 1776? a) Louisiana b) Washington c) Pennsylvania. WHO, in 1990, became the first chancellor of a united Germany? a) Helmut Kohl b) Gerhard Schroder c) Jimmy Carter. WHICH country was previously called Persia? a) Iran b) Iraq c) Afghanistan. HOW old was Tony Blair when he became British prime minister in 1997? a) 41 b) 39 c) 43. IN Western culture what is the birthstone for May? a) Emerald b) Diamond c) Ruby. IN the Bible to whom did God give the 10 Commandments? a) Judas b) Moses c) Jesus. Answers: 1a 2a 3c 4b 5c 6a 7a 8c 9a 10b Like us on Facebook Most Read Most Recent Most Read Most Recent",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What vocal musical term means literally 'in the style of the church/chapel'?",
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"content": "A Cappella Music - Definition, History, and Evolution A Cappella Music By Aaron Green The Meaning of “A Cappella” “Cappella” literally means “chapel” in Italian. When the term was first coined, a cappella was a phrase that instructed performers to sing “in the manner of the chapel.” In modern sheet music, it simply means to sing without accompaniment. Alternate Spellings: acappella Common Misspellings: a capella, acapella Examples of A Capella Singing Classical Music Eric Whitacre’s Lux Aurumque ( Watch on YouTube ) Ralph Vaughan Williams Kyrie from the G minor Mass ( Watch on YouTube ) Michael Praetorius’ Es ist ein Rose Entsprungen ( Watch on YouTube ) Maurice Duruflé’s Ubi Caritas ( Watch on YouTube ) Popular Music Pentatonic’s Evolution of Music ( Watch on YouTube ) Glee’s Darren Criss covers Katy Perry’s Teenage Dream ( Watch on YouTube ) The Cast of Glee covers Whitney Houston’s How Will I Know ( Watch on YouTube ) continue reading below our video Great Singers Gone too Soon The History of A Cappella Music The origin and creation of a cappella music is impossible to pin down. After all, cavemen humming to themselves were singing a cappella. What matters most, like languages, is when the music was written on paper (or stone). One of the earliest examples of sheet music was discovered on a cuneiform tablet dating back to 2000 B.C. From what scholars can tell, it describes a piece of music written in a diatonic scale. Just recently, one of the earliest known scores for polyphonic music (music written with more than one vocal or instrumental part), written around the year 900 A.D., was discovered and performed at St John’s College, University of Cambridge. ( Read more about this discovery on the UK’s Daily Mail. ) The use of a cappella music gained popularity, especially in western music, largely in part to religious institutions. Christian churches predominantly performed gregorian chant throughout the medieval period and well into the renaissance period. Composers like Josquin des Prez (1450-1521) and Orlando di Lasso (1530-1594) expanded beyond chant and composed polyphonic a cappella music. ( Listen to di Lasso’s “Lauda anima mea Dominum” on YouTube. ) As more composers and artists flocked to Rome (a capital of cultural enlightenment), secular music called madrigals appeared. Madrigals, the equivalent of today’s pop music, were unaccompanied songs sung by two to eight singers. One of the most prolific and perfecters of the madrigal was composer Claudio Monteverdi, one of my top 8 renaissance composers . His madrigals show an evolving compositional style - a bridge connecting the renaissance period to the baroque period. ( Listen to Monteverdi ’s madrigal, Zefiro torna on YouTube. ) The madrigals composed later in his career became “concerted,” meaning he wrote them with instrumental accompaniments. As time progressed, more and more composers followed suit, and a cappella’s popularity diminished. A Cappella Music and Barbershop Music Barbershop music is a form of a cappella music that began in the 1930s. It is typically performed by a quartet of men with the following voice types: tenor, tenor, baritone, and bass. Women are also capable of singing barbershop music (women’s barbershop quartets are referred to as “Sweet Adelines” quartets). The music barbershop quartets perform is highly stylized - it is predominantly homophonic, meaning that the vocal parts move together in harmony, creating new chords in the process. The lyrics are easily understandable, the melodies are singable, and the harmonic structure is crystal clear. Both Barbershop and Sweet Adelines quartets have established membership and preservation societies ( Barbershop Harmony Society and Sweet Adelines International ) to promote and preserve the musical style, and each year both present contests to find the best quartet. Listen to the winners of the 2014 competitions: 2014 Barbershop Harmony Society International Championship Quartet Musical Island Boys Finals Package ( Watch on YouTube ) A Cappella Music on Radio, TV, and Film Thanks to the h",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who won the 1968 US presidential election?",
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"content": "1968 Presidential General Election Results 1968 Presidential General Election Results Note: The Google advertisement links below may advocate political positions that this site does not endorse. Results for an Individual State: Election Notes: In North Carolina, one Nixon Elector cast his vote for George Wallace (President) and Curtis LeMay (Vice President). Electoral Vote Map Note: there is no implied geographical significance as to the location of the shaded areas for North Carolina's split electoral votes. Share and Recommend:",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which fruit has varieties called Concorde, Packham and Cornice?",
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"content": "Pears The World's Healthiest Foords are health-promoting foods that can change your life. Watch for the launch of our new WHFoods 7-Day Meal Plan on January 23rd! The George Mateljan Foundation is a not-for-profit foundation with no commercial interests or advertising. Our mission is to help you eat and cook the healthiest way for optimal health. Pears What's New and Beneficial About Pears For nutritional reasons, we're often advised to consume the skins of fruits. However, it's less often that research provides strong evidence in support of this advice. Recent studies have shown that the skin of pears contains at least three to four times as many phenolic phytonutrients as the flesh. These phytonutrients include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory flavonoids, and potentially anti-cancer phytonutrients like cinnamic acids. The skin of the pear has also been show to contain about half of the pear's total dietary fiber. In recent studies measuring risk of type 2 diabetes in U.S. women, pears have earned very special recognition. Researchers now know that certain flavonoids in food can improve insulin sensitivity, and of special interest in this area have been three groups of flavonoids (flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins). All pears contain flavonoids falling within the first two groups, and red-skinned pears contain anthocyanins as well. Intake of these flavonoid groups has been associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in both women and men. However, a new analysis of the Nurses' Health Study has shown that among all fruits and vegetables analyzed for their flavonoid content, the combination of apples/pears showed the most consistent ability to lower risk of type 2 diabetes. We believe that this special recognition given to pears as a fruit that can help lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women is likely to be followed by future studies showing this same benefit for men. You've no doubt heard someone say that cloudy fruit juices containing fruit pulp provide better nourishment than clear fruit juices that have had their pulp removed through filtering. Scientists have now proven that statement to be correct with respect to pear juice. With their pulp removed, pear juices were determined to lose up to 40% of their total phenolic phytonutrients, and to have significantly reduced antioxidant capacity. \"Cloudy\" pear juices (technically referred to as \"high turbidity\" juices) emerged as the superior juice type in terms of nutrient content as well as antioxidant benefits. Pear, fresh vitamin K 9% This chart graphically details the %DV that a serving of Pears provides for each of the nutrients of which it is a good, very good, or excellent source according to our Food Rating System. Additional information about the amount of these nutrients provided by Pears can be found in the Food Rating System Chart . A link that takes you to the In-Depth Nutritional Profile for Pears, featuring information over 80 nutrients, can be found under the Food Rating System Chart. Health Benefits Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Support of Pears While pears are not an unusual source of conventional antioxidant or anti-inflammatory nutrients (for example, vitamin E or omega-3 fatty acids), the phytonutrient category is where this fruit excels. For example, in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (1,638 participants, average age range 62-69 years), the combination of apples/pears ranked as the second highest source of flavonols among all fruits and vegetables - partly due to the epicatechin richness of pears. Average flavonol intake in the study was about 14 milligrams per day, and one pear can provide about half of this amount all by itself. The list of phytonutrients found in pears has been of special interest to researchers, and the list below summarizes their findings about key phytonutrients provided by this fruit. Hydroxybenzoic acids Flavanols, also known as Flavan-3-ols catechin Anthocyanins (in red-skinned varieties, including Red Anjou, Red Bartlett, Comice, Seckel, and Starkrimson) Carotenoids lutein zeaxanthin Virtually al",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Actresses Virginia Cherrill, Betsy Drake and Dyan Cannon all married which actor?",
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"content": "Legendary Cary Grant :: Tall, Dark & Handsome :: Wives WIVES Virginia Cherrill (1934-1935) Cary Grant met film actress Virginia Cherrill in 1932 at Paramount. He married her on February 10, 1934. He was 30 and she was 25. It was a short-lived marriage, with terrible physical fights. She divorced him on March 26, 1935, on charges of physical abuse. Years later Cary Grant would apologize to Virginia Cherrill for his bad behavior towards her. Barbara Hutton (1942-1945) Barbara Hutton was one of the richest women in the world, heir to the Woolworth fortune. Cary Grant met her in Hollywood in 1940. The married on July 8, 1942 at Lake Arrowhead. He and Barbara signed documents that waived all interest in each other's property. Still, the press labeled them as \"Cash and Cary.\" Grant became a father figure to her son, Lance Reventlow. Hutton filed for divorce in July 1945, claiming that Grant did not like her friends. However, both of them remained friends for life. Betsy Drake (1949-1962) Cary Grant married British actress Betsy Drake on December 25, 1949 in California. He had met her in 1947 on his trip to England. He would costar with her in two films, \"Every Girl Should Get Married,\" (1948) and \"Room For One More,\" (1952). She introduced him to hypnotism, yoga, mysticism and a new drug called LSD. It was his longest marriage. They divorced in 1962, on charges that he was not faithful to her. Dyan Cannon (1965-1967) Cary Grant married actress Dyan Cannon on July 22, 1965, in Las Vegas. He was 61, she was 26. She would give him his only child, a daughter, Jennifer Grant, born on February 26, 1966. He was very happy to become a father. Unfortunately, the marriage was short-lived. It was claimed Grant flew into rages with Cannon, and even spanked her when she disobeyed him. They divorced in 1968. Barbara Harris (1981-1986) Cary Grant married Barbara Harris on April 11, 1981. She was a British hotel public relations agent who was 47 years his junior. They had known each other for many years. They remained married until his death on November 26, 1986.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Champagne is a variety of what fruit or vegetable?",
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"content": "Common Types of Wine (top varieties to know) | Wine Folly Taste: Black Cherry, Black Currant, Baking Spices and Cedar (from oak) Style: Full-bodied Red Wine Description: Cabernet Sauvignon is a full-bodied red grape first heavily planted in the Bordeaux region. Today, it’s the most popular wine variety in the world. Wines are full-bodied with bold tannins and a long persistent finish driven mostly by the higher levels of alcohol and tannin that often accompany these wines. Food Pairing: lamb, beef, smoked meats, French, American, firm cheeses like aged cheddar and hard cheeses like Pecorino Cabernet Sauvignon Alternatives Merlot: Middle weight, lower in tannins (smoother), with a more red-fruited flavor profile Cabernet Franc: Light to middle weight, with higher acid and more savory flavors, one of Cabernet Sauvignon’s parent grapes. Carménère: Usually from Chile, very similar to Merlot in body, but with the aggressive savory flavors of Cabernet Franc Bordeaux Blend , A.K.A. “Meritage”: Usually dominant to Cabernet Sauvignon or Merlot, but also includes any of the other Bordeaux varieties Sangiovese : The noble grape of Tuscany. Similar in body, acid, and tannin to Cabernet Sauvignon, but more red-fruited and elegant Syrah Taste: Blueberry, plum, tobacco, meat, black pepper, violet Style: Full-bodied Red Wine Description: Syrah (a.k.a. Shiraz) is a full-bodied red wine that’s heavily planted in the Rhône Valley in France and Australia. The wines have intense fruit flavors and middleweight tannins. Syrah is commonly blended with Grenache and Mourvèdre to create the red Rhône blend. The wine often has an aggressively meaty (beef broth, jerky) quality. Food Pairing: lamb, beef, smoked meats; Mediterranean, French, and American firm cheeses like white cheddar, and hard cheeses like Manchego Syrah Alternatives Malbec : (Argentina) More black-fruited, often with more aggressive oak usage, less meaty, but with more coffee and chocolate flavors Petit Sirah : (United States) This grape has no genetic relation to Syrah, but has even more aggressive tannin, acid, and fuller body Monastrell (aka Mourvèdre) : More broad texture, with similar meaty notes, but more of a mixture of red and black fruits Pinotage : (South Africa) Similar in terms of body, with even more intense, smokey notes. Zinfandel “Zin-fan-dell” Taste: A broad, exotic array of fruits from stone (overripe nectarine), to red (raspberry, sour cherry), to blue (plum, blueberry), to black (blackberry, boysenberry), Asian 5 Spice Powder, Sweet Tobacco Style: Medium-bodied to full-bodied Red Wine Description: Zinfandel (aka Primitivo) is a medium-bodied red wine that originated in Croatia. Wines are fruit-forward and spicy with a medium length finish. Zinfandel is a red grape that may be better known as the rosé wine White Zinfandel . Food Pairing: chicken, pork, cured meat, lamb, beef, barbecue, Italian, American, Chinese, Thai, Indian, full-flavored like cheddar and firm cheeses such as Manchego Zinfandel Alternatives Grenache (aka Garnacha) : More middle-weight and red-fruited flavors, with the meaty and peppery qualities you get with Syrah Tempranillo : (Spain) More red and black fruit flavors, as well as lower alcohol and body Rhône Blend : a blend of Grenache, Syrah and Mourvèdre originally from Rhône Valley of France, very similar, but not as fruity Carignan : Not quite as exotic in terms of fruit, but adds a lot of savory, dried herbal flavors Pinot Noir “Pee-no Nwar” Taste: Very red fruited (cherry, cranberry) and red-floral (rose), often with appealing vegetal notes of beet, rhubarb, or mushroom Style: Lighter-bodied Red Wine with higher acid and soft tannin Description: Pinot Noir is a dry light-bodied first widely planted in France. The wines always lead with higher acid and soft tannins. Food Pairing: chicken, pork, veal, duck, cured meat, French, German, cream sauces, soft cheeses, nutty medium-firm cheeses like Gruyère Pinot Noir Alternatives Gamay (aka Beaujolais): (France) Lighter, juicier, more floral, generally less complex Chardonnay “Shar-dun-nay” Tas",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What country did the band ABBA hail from?",
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"content": "BIOGRAPHY: Abba Lifetime Born: 16 12 1946 Birth place: Stockholm, Sweden Both Benny Andersson's father and grandfather were musicians and he was introduced to the accordion at a very young age. Benny had no patience for regular music lessons, preferring to pick up the instrument and play it. With obvious musical talent, he was able to easily do this with almost any instrument. By the age of 18, Benny’s favourite was the piano. He was with girlfriend Christina Gronvall at this time. She had fallen pregnant with the first of their two children when Benny was only 15-years-old. After graduating from high school, Benny was invited to join The Hep Stars, a popular Swedish beat group with a huge teenage girl fanbase. It was during this time that he met fellow young songwriter Bjorn Ulvaeus. Benny remained with The Hep Stars for a number of successful years, until they disbanded in the late 1960s. He then joined forces with Bjorn and they released an LP together. Shortly after that, Bjorn and Benny’s girlfriends, Agnetha Faltskog and Anni-Frid Lyngstad, joined the duo. They formed the touring folk act Festfolket, which was not much of a success. The foursome then transformed into the legendary ABBA, finding international stardom and remarkable success. Bjorn Ulvaeus Born: 25 04 1945 Birth place: Gothenburg, Sweden Bjorn's first foray into music was with the folk music act The Hootenanny Singers, who had strong jazz and blues influences. They made their television debut in a Swedish talent contest in 1963. Bjorn joined up with Benny Andersson to write songs. One of these, 'Isn’t it Easy to Say', was a hit for The Hep Stars, and Bjorn sometimes guested with the band when they were on tour. At one point, it was suggested that The Hep Stars and The Hootenanny Singers merge to form one band, although this never happened. Stig Anderson, manager of The Hootenay Singers and founder of Polar Music, saw Benny and Bjorn’s collective potential and encouraged them to write more songs in order to release an album. They followed his advice and Polar Music released their album 'Lycka' ('Happiness') in 1970. Benny and Bjorn went on to release a further six singles. They also wrote a significant amount of music for the Polar label before joining with their girlfriends, Anni-Frid and Agnetha, to form ABBA, under the management of Stig Anderson. Anni-Frid Lyngstad Born: 15 11 1945 Birth place: Narvik, Norway Anni-Frid’s mother, young Norwegian Synni Lyngstad, had an affair with German officer, Alfred Haase, during World War II. It was at the end of the war, when he returned to his country, that Synni discovered she was pregnant with his child. She gave birth to Anni-Frid (Frida, as she was later known) in the small Norwegian town of Narvik. To avoid being punished as a collaborator, Synni took her baby daughter to Torshalla, Sweden. When Frida was only two-years-old, her mother died and her grandmother, who always encouraged her to sing, raised her. In 1957, at age 13, Frida made her stage debut at a Red Cross charity event. She met her boyfriend, Ragnar Fredriksson, when she was 15 and they had a son, Hans, when Frida was only 17. Shortly after Hans’s birth, Frida and Ragnar married and they had their second child, Lise-Lotte, a few years later. Frida, a part-time cabaret singer, was fully committed to her burgeoning music career and was not prepared to give it up to be a full-time mother. This caused tensions in the marriage and eventually they divorced. Frida left her children in the care of their father, Ragnar, and her grandmother (“Mamma”), and went to live in Stockholm. It was here that Frida met Benny Andersson, at the folkpark tour, and they were soon a couple. Benny invited her to sing backing vocals with Agnetha Faltskog, Bjorn’s girlfriend, on the 'Lycka' album. Both women were uncredited for this work. Soon after this, the foursome became ABBA. Benny produced Frida’s only solo LP during the ABBA years, 'Frida Ensam' (1975), which included an earlier, Swedish hit single version of 'Fernando'. Agnetha Faltskog Born: 05 04 1950 Birth pla",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which city was Muhammed Ali born in 1942?",
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"content": "Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. (1942 - 2016) - Genealogy Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr. Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky, United States Death: in Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona, United States Cause of death: Respiratory failure as a complication of septic shock Place of Burial: 701 Baxter Ave, Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky, 40204, United States Immediate Family: Husband of <private> Ali (Williams) Ex-husband of <private> Clay (Roi); <private> Camacho Ali (Boyd) and <private> Porsche-Ali (Porche) Father of <private> Ali; <private> Ali-Wertheimer (Ali); <private> (Ali); <private> Walsh (Ali); <private> Joyce (Ali) and 4 others ; <private> Ali; <private> (Ali); <private> Conway (Ali) and <private> Ali « less Brother of <private> Clay and Rudy Clay (Ragnab Ali) Occupation: Former boxer and three-time World Heavyweight Champion., boxer, Heavy Weight Champion Managed by: Jan 17 1942 - Louisville, Jefferson, Kentucky Parents: Jan 17 1942 - Louisville, Jefferson, Kentucky Parents: Jan 17 1942 - Louisville, Kentucky, United States Parents: Cassuis Marcellus Clay, Odessa Lee Clay (born Grady) Sibling: Jan 17 1942 - Louisville, Jefferson, Kentucky Parents: Cassius Marcellus Clay, Odessa Clay (born Grady) Sibling: Sonji (Born: Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.) (born Roi) Ex-partner: <Private> (Born: Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.) (born Boyd) Ex-partner: <Private> (Born: Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.) (born Porche) Partner: <Private> (Born: Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.) (born Williams) Partner: Jan 17 1942 - Louisville, Jefferson, Kentucky Parents: Cassius Marcellus Clay, Odessa Clay (born Grady) Ex-wife: Unknown Ali Children: Maryum Ali, Jamillah Ali, Rasheda Ali, Muhammad Ali Jr, Laila Ali, Hana Ali, Asaad Amin Ali, Miya Ali, Khaliah Ali Jan 17 1942 - Louisville, Jefferson, Kentucky, USA Parents: Jan 17 1942 - Louisville, Kentucky Parents: Cassius Marcellus Clay, Odessa Lee Grady Ex-wife: child About Muhammad Ali The only professional boxer to win the heavy-weight championship three times, Muhammad Ali provided leadership and an example for African American men and women around the world with his political and religious views. For his contribution to live performance, Ali was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6801 Hollywood Blvd. He was born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky, the first of Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. and Odessa Grady Clay's two sons. His father was a sign painter who also loved to act, sing, and dance; his mother worked as a cleaning lady when money was tight. Ali began boxing at the age of twelve. His bicycle had been stolen, and he reported the theft to a policeman named Joe Martin, who gave boxing lessons in a local youth center. Martin invited Ali to try boxing and soon saw that he had talent. Martin began to feature Ali on his local television show, \"Tomorrow's Champions,\" and he started Ali working out at Louisville's Columbia Gym. An African American trainer named Fred Stoner taught Ali the science of boxing. Among the many things Ali learned was how to move with the grace and ease of a dancer. Although his schoolwork suffered, Ali devoted all of his time to boxing and improved steadily. As a teenager Ali won both the national Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) and Golden Gloves championships. At the age of eighteen he competed in the 1960 Olympic games held in Rome, Italy, winning the gold medal in the lightheavyweight division. This led to a contract with a group of millionaires called the Louisville Sponsors Group. It was the biggest contract ever signed by a professional boxer. Ali worked his way through a series of professional victories, using a style that combined speed with great punching power. He was described by one of his handlers as having the ability to \"float like a butterfly, and sting like a bee.\" Ali's unique style of boasting, rhyming, and expressing confidence brought him considerable media attention as he moved toward a chance to fight for the world heavyweight boxing championship. When he began to write poems predicting his victories in di",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the first name of Terry Collier's often seen sister in The Likely Lads",
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"content": "whatever happened to the likely lads : definition of whatever happened to the likely lads and synonyms of whatever happened to the likely lads (English) Website Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads? is a 1970s British situation comedy broadcast between 9 January 1973 and 9 April 1974 on BBC1 . It was the colour sequel to the mid-1960s hit The Likely Lads . It was created and written, as was its predecessor, by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais . There were 26 television episodes over two series; and a subsequent 45-minute Christmas special was aired on 24 December 1974. The cast were reunited in 1975 for a BBC radio adaptation of series 1, transmitted on Radio 4 from July to October that year. In 1976 a feature film spin-off was made. Around the time of its release, however, Rodney Bewes and James Bolam fell out over a misunderstanding involving the press and have not spoken since. This long-suspected situation was finally confirmed by Bewes while promoting his autobiography in 2005. Unlike Bewes, Bolam is consistently reluctant to talk about the show, and has vetoed any attempt to revive his character.[ citation needed ] Contents The series Bob and Terry set off on a bicycle race and both cheat The show followed the friendship, resumed after five years apart, of two working-class young men, Bob Ferris ( Rodney Bewes ) and Terry Collier ( James Bolam ). Set in Northeast England , humour was based on the tension between Terry's firmly working-class outlook and Bob's aspirations to join the middle class , through his new white-collar job, suburban home, and impending marriage to prissy librarian Thelma Chambers ( Brigit Forsyth ). Since the ending of the original series, in 1966, Bob has left factory life behind for an office job with his future father-in-law's building firm (something which leaves Bob even more desperate to retain favour with Thelma and her family). But what Bob does for a living is not a major factor in the show; more important is the fact that he is now a white-collar worker, and (at Thelma's urging) is joining badminton clubs, attending dinner parties, and — in all sorts of ways — appearing to Terry as aspiring to join the middle class. Terry thus sees his own army experience and solid working class ethos as giving him moral superiority over Bob. But he finds it hard to adjust to all the changes which have occurred in the five years he's been away. As implied in the lyrics to the programme's theme song, the 1970s series plays on both lads' feelings of nostalgia for the lost days of their innocent and reckless youth. Both characters are depressed by the demolition being carried out on the landmarks of their youth, but Bob, who works for a development agency, puts forward that it can be seen as progress. Bob also lives in his own semi-detached house on a recently-built estate, whereas Terry lives with his mother in a 19th century house, which he claims has far more charm than the one owned by Bob, where \"The only thing that tells you apart from your neighbours is the colour of your curtains.\" Indeed, in the opening credits shots of Terry show him along with the older and more industrial buildings of the city, with Bob displayed along with modern, less attractive development. The word \"likely\" in the title referred, in the 1960s series, to those showing promise, but also those likely to get up to well-meaning mischief; but, as the 1970s title implied, the mischief days were (or at least, perhaps, should have been) behind them now. Yet, in reality, life was still seen by both Bob and Terry as something in which the only things that really mattered were beer, football and sex — though not necessarily in that order. As Terry says at one point, in disbelief, \"After all, there are some people who don't like football!\" The conflict between what Bob had become, and what he saw himself as, led him to be impulsively inclined to follow the lead set by the more headstrong Terry (especially after a heavy drinking session), who led them recklessly into one scrape after another. Terry frequently behaved badly, his wo",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What landlocked, mountainous, Central Asian country is bordered by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and the People's Republic of China?",
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"content": "About Kyrgyzstan Emblem ETYMOLOGY “Kyrgyz” is believed to have been derived from the Turkic word for “forty”, in reference to the forty clans of Manas, a legendary hero who united forty regional clans against the Uyghurs. Literally it means We are forty. At the time, in the early 9th century AD, the Uyghurs dominated much of Central Asia (including Kyrgyzstan), Mongolia, and parts of Russia and China. The 40-ray sun on the flag of Kyrgyzstan is a reference to those same forty tribes and the graphical element in the sun’s center depicts the wooden crown of a yurt – a portable dwelling traditionally used by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. REGIONS AND DISTRICTS OF KYRGYZSTAN Kyrgyzstan is divided into seven regions (sing. oblast) administered by appointed governors. The capital, Bishkek, and the second largest city Osh are administratively independent cities with a status equal to a region. The regions, and independent cities, are as follows: 1. City of Bishkek 8. Issyk-Kul 9. City of Osh Each region comprises a number of districts (raions), administered by government-appointed officials (akim). Rural communities (ayıl ökmötü), consisting of up to 20 small settlements, have their own elected mayors and councils. CLIMATE The climate varies regionally. The south-western Fergana Valley is subtropical and extremely hot in summer, with temperatures reaching 40 °C (104 °F) The northern foothills are temperate and the Tian Shan varies from dry continental to polar climate, depending on elevation. In the coldest areas temperatures are sub-zero for around 40 days in winter, and even some desert areas experience constant snowfall in this period. RELIGION Islam is the dominant religion of Kyrgyzstan: 80% of the population is Muslim while 17% follow Russian Orthodoxy and 3% other religions. A 2009 Pew Research Center report indicates a higher percentage of Muslims, with 86.3% of Kyrgyzstan’s population adhering to Islam. The majority of Muslims are non-denominational Muslims at 64% while roughly 23% are Sunni, adhering to the Hanafi school of thought. There are a few Ahmadiyya Muslims, though unrecognised by the country. During Soviet times, state atheism was encouraged. Today, however, Kyrgyzstan is a secular state, although Islam has exerted a growing influence in politics. For instance, there has been an attempt to arrange for officials to travel on hajj (the pilgrimage to Mecca) under a tax-free arrangement. While Islam in Kyrgyzstan is more of a cultural background than a devout daily practice for many, public figures have expressed support for restoring religious values. For example, human rights ombudsman Tursunbay Bakir-Ulu noted, “In this era of independence, it is not surprising that there has been a return to spiritual roots not only in Kyrgyzstan, but also in other post-communist republics. It would be immoral to develop a market-based society without an ethical dimension.” Additionally, Bermet Akayeva, the daughter of Askar Akayev, the former President of Kyrgyzstan, stated during a July 2007 interview that Islam is increasingly taking root across the nation. She emphasized that many mosques have recently been built and that the Kyrgyz are increasingly devoting themselves to Islam, which she noted was “not a bad thing in itself. It keeps our society more moral, cleaner.” There is a contemporary Sufi order present which gives a somewhat different form of Islam than the orthodox Islam. The other faiths practiced in Kyrgyzstan include Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox versions of Christianity, practiced primarily by Russians and Ukrainians respectively. A small minority of ethnic Germans are also Christian, mostly Lutheran and Anabaptist as well as a Roman Catholic community of approximately 600. A few Animistic traditions survive, as do influences from Buddhism such as the tying of prayer flags onto sacred trees, though some view this practice rooted within Sufi Islam.There are also a small number of Bukharian Jews living in Kyrgyzstan, but during the collapse of the Soviet Union most fled to other countries, ma",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was MP for Huntingdon from 1979 to 2001?",
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"content": "Mr John Major, former MP, Huntingdon - TheyWorkForYou TheyWorkForYou See full list of topics voted on Consistently voted against removing hereditary peers from the House of Lords Show votes We have lots more plain English analysis of Mr John Major’s voting record on issues like health, welfare, taxation and more. Visit Mr John Major’s full vote analysis page for more. Recent appearances Budget Resolutions and Economic Situation 12 Mar 2001 \"Education, education, education\" was originally a cry from Lenin, who did not mean it. I suspect that the Secretary of State, who has just left, does mean it. He is sincere and, in his unavoidable absence, I should like to congratulate him on graciously adopting some of the: proposals of my hon. Friend the Member for Maidenhead (Mrs. May), who is shadow Secretary of State. That behaviour is... Budget Resolutions and Economic Situation 12 Mar 2001 If it is nonsense, it is Red Book nonsense. Those figures come from the Red Book. Before the hon. Gentleman mutters into his non-existent beard, he should read the Red Book and check. It is possible that the Chancellor has given us more duff facts; we are used to that. However, if they are duff, that is his responsibility, not mine. There are 2 million more taxpayers and 700,000 more... Budget Resolutions and Economic Situation 12 Mar 2001 The hon. Gentleman ought to know that his Chancellor changed the way in which the figures are quoted in the Red Book, and the actual equivalent of what he has done is an extra 10p on tax The hon. Gentleman may care to examine that matter. [Interruption.] If it is nonsense, it is the Government's nonsense in the Government's own figures. Those are the figures that I am using. I am glad to hear...",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the first name of Stretford-born artist L. S. Lowry?",
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"content": "His Life and Career LS Lowry - His Life and Career Art School 1905 \"If people call me a Sunday painter I'm a Sunday painter who paints every day of the week!\" Lowry was always irritated by people who thought he was an amateur painter, self-taught and untutored. \"Started when I was fifteen. Don't know why. Aunt said I was no good for anything else, so they might as well send me to Art School...\" In 1905 he began evening classes in antique and freehand drawing. He was to study both in the Manchester Academy of Fine Art and at Salford Royal Technical College in Peel Park. Academic records show him still attending classes in the 1920s. Lowry knew from his teachers - people like the Frenchman Adolphe Valette - how French Impressionism had changed the painting of landscapes and the modern city. He knew from exhibitions in Manchester what the current trends in modern art were, and deeply admired Pre-Raphaelites like Ford Madox Brown and Rossetti. Far from being a naïve Sunday painter, Lowry was an artist looking for his own distinctive way of painting and drawing - and for a subject matter he could make his own, preferring eventually the view from the Technical College window to that of the posed model. A Painter's Vision, 1920 In his early years Lowry lived in the leafy Manchester suburb of Victoria Park. Then lack of money obliged his family to move to Station Road, Pendlebury, where factory chimneys were a more familiar sight then trees. Lowry would recall \"At first I detested it, and then, after years I got pretty interested in it, then obsessed by it.\" The subjects for his paintings were on his doorstep. In later life he recalled this as a sort of vision. \"One day I missed a train from Pendlebury - (a place) I had ignored for seven years - and as I left the station I saw the Acme Spinning Company's mill … The huge black framework of rows of yellow-lit windows standing up against the sad, damp charged afternoon sky. The mill was turning out... I watched this scene - which I'd looked at many times without seeing - with rapture...\" An Appreciation, 1921 A writer in The Guardian newspaper, Bernard Taylor, recognised the real quality of Lowry's work, when he reviewed one of the artist's earliest exhibitions. \"Mr Laurence S Lowry has a very interesting and individual outlook. His subjects are Manchester and Lancashire street scenes, interpreted with technical means as yet imperfect, but with real imagination... We hear a great deal nowadays about recovering the simplicity of vision of primitives in art. These pictures are authentically primitive, the real thing not an artificially cultivated likeness to it. The problems of representation are solved not by reference to established conventions, but by sheer determination to express what the artist has felt, whether the result is according to rule or not...\" The Industrial Scene late 1920s - 1930s Lowry worked as rent collector for the Pall Mall Property Company. He did not tell people about his work because he did not want them to think of him as a spare-time painter. His job led to him walking all over the city. What did he see? Children playing in the streets, people returning from work, going off to work, gossip on the front steps, incidents, market places and Whit-processions. But all this changed in his lifetime: blitz and rebuilding, slum clearances and new housing, changed the face of the city he had observed so well. \"I saw the industrial scene and I was affected by it. I tried to paint it all the time. I tried to paint the industrial scene as best I could. It wasn't easy. Well, a camera could have done the scene straight off.\" Artist at Work Lowry felt that drawings were as hard to do as painting. He worked the surface of his drawings by smudging, erasing and rubbing the pencil lines on his paper to build the atmosphere of the drawing. He was always doing quick sketches on the spot on whatever paper he had in his pockets. Lowry carefully composed his pictures in a painting room at home and took great care over placing each figure. Late in life he would sit before a canvas",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which is the only film of the fantasy genre ever to win the best picture Oscar - full name required?",
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"content": "Oscars 2016: Why has no sci-fi movie ever won Best Picture? - CSMonitor.com Oscars 2016: Why has no sci-fi movie ever won Best Picture? Latest News 'The Martian,' starring Matt Damon, is nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Actor and Best Picture. Aidan Monaghan/20th Century Fox/AP/File View Caption of This year, according to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, some of the best films looked beyond our own world. Two of the nominees for the 2016 Oscar Best Picture are “The Martian,” based on Andy Weir’s novel about an astronaut stranded on Mars, and “Mad Max: Fury Road,” set in a future dystopia where both water and gasoline are scarce. The two sci-fi nominees are raising eyebrows, as no sci-fi film has ever won Best Picture and “genre” films in general rarely receive the statuette. The only fantasy film to ever win Best Picture was the 2003 movie “The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King” and the only horror movie to win Best Picture was the 1991 psychological thriller “The Silence of the Lambs.” Photos of the Day Our best photos of the year 2016 In an interview with The Christian Science Monitor, Paul Levinson, professor of communication and media studies at Fordham University and author of the time-travel book \"The Plot to Save Socrates,\" says that the members of the Academy \"somehow think that science fiction is not as serious as a movie like 'Spotlight.' \" In recent years, a few sci-fi movies, including the 2013 movie “Gravity,” the 2010 movie “Inception,” and the 2009 movies “Avatar” and “District 9,” have received Best Picture nods. One contributing factor may be the increased number of nominees. For the 2010 Oscars, the Academy announced that 10 movies would be nominated for the top prize. Now between five and 10 films make the cut. Levinson says the increased pool of nominees have helped sci-fi movies like these get on the short list. \"But science fiction hasn't won,\" he points out. “Martian” and “Max” are facing particularly stiff competition this year. “Spotlight,” “The Big Short,” and “The Revenant” are all viewed as potential frontrunners, and possible harbingers of Best Picture victory like the Screen Actors Guild Awards and the Directors Guild Awards have gone with mostly different movies. Despite the repeated Oscar snubs, fans seem to love science fiction, if the box office is any indication. Superhero movies are ruling Hollywood, and most of them include sci-fi elements: radioactive spiders, gene mutations, exploding planets – one of the genre’s biggest hits, “Guardians of the Galaxy,” took place almost entirely in space. Long-running science fiction series like “Star Wars” and “Star Trek,” among others, have raked in big commercial successes as well. In the future, Levinson says he could see someone like \"Martian\" director Ridley Scott – a titan in science fiction, having directed such films as \"Alien\" and \"Blade Runner\" – win the best director award (he's not nominated this year), but the film itself still won't take the top honor, he predicts. \"When it comes to individual people, they're usually more likely to be rewarded by best director,\" Levinson says. This occurred in 2014, when \"Gravity\" director Alfonso Cuaron received the best director prize but the Best Picture award went to \"12 Years a Slave.\" The lack of Best Picture wins for sci-fi speaks to a larger misunderstanding of the genre, says Levinson. \"People just have trouble accepting science fiction as something that has relevance to our real life, which science fiction at its best does,\" he says. Next up Get the Monitor stories you care about delivered to your inbox. Daily",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; From which musical did the Oscar winning song Cheek To Cheek appear",
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"content": "Every Oscar Winner for Best Original Song, Ranked | SPIN Every Oscar Winner for Best Original Song, Ranked Looking back at the best and worst of 82 years of statue-winning movie themes Andrew Unterberger // February 19, 2015 Share < br />this article: CREDIT: Photo Composite by James Grebey It was 1935 when Con Conrad and and Herb Magidson took home the first-ever Oscar for Best Original Song: “The Continental,” from the Fred Astraire and Ginger Rogers musical The Gay Divorcee. Since then, the winners have expanded from big-band dance number centerpieces to include stirring pop epics from animated movies, non-diagetic love ballads from blockbuster romances, and character themes from all sorts of genres — rock, folk, country, funk and, in the 21st century, even hip-hop. The list of the songs that have won Best Original Song is a bizarre one. It encompasses classic rock legends like Bob Dylan and Bruce Springsteen, Great American Songbook crafters like Irving Berlin and Burt Bacharach… and also Christopher Cross, Bret from Flight of the Conchords, and three seperate songs sung by Jennifer Warnes. Timeless classic films like The Wizard of Oz, High Noon, and Breakfast at Tiffany’s are represented… as are A Hole in the Head, Waikiki Wedding, Thank God It’s Friday, and some movie called Frozen. Put this playlist on shuffle and you’ll be hospitalized for whiplash within six songs. We’ve trudged through the gems and the duds, the songs that have become part of cinema history and the songs whose writers have even forgotten about, to rank the winners from worst to first — also taking a moment to point out the notable nominees beaten each year, and those snubbed from being nominated in the first place, whether due to arcane Academy rules or sheer neglect. Be warned that we ranked the songs according to the versions used in their Oscar-winning parent movies, which aren’t necessarily the most famous version of the song — so it’s Terence Howard and Taraji P. Henson doing “It’s Hard Out Here For a Pimp,” not Three 6 Mafia, and Angela Lansbury singing “Beauty and the Beast,” not Celine Dion and Peabo Bryson. See where your favorites ranked below — unless your favorite is Phil Collins’ Tarzan song, in which case maybe don’t — and check back next week to see where this year’s winner ends up falling. 82. “The Morning After” (The Poseidon Adventure, 1972) Written By: Al Kasha and Joel Hirschhorn Performed By: Renee Armand This ponderous, overblown track wails a promise that there are better times to come if you can push through the darkest times. Presumably, the “Morning After” writers were referring to the duration of their own treacly abomination of a ballad. The only thing this song is good for is banishing a demonic succubus back to the hellfire from whence it came, as South Park so expertly noted. JAMES GREBEY Also Nominated From ’72: Michael Jackson’s first chart-topping solo hit, the title track from the movie Ben, earned a nomination for writers Walter Scharf and Don Black. Not exactly “Rock With You” or “Billie Jean” that got beat here — songs about rats generally have a certain ceiling — but just about anything would have been preferable to “The Morning After.” Snubbed: Nothing from Curtis Mayfield’s iconic Super Fly soundtrack to be found — probably a counter-balance to Isaac Hayes winning the year before, lest the Academy start to reach a level of cool that would have been totally unsustainable. 81. “You’ll Be in My Heart” (Tarzan, 1999) Written By: Phil Collins Performed By: Phil Collins Speaking of South Park, the movie’s amazing assault on our neighbors to the north, “Blame Canada,” got screwed out of an Oscar by Phil Colins’ mewling sapfest. While some of the soft-rock icon’s contributions to Tarzan are fun in a cornball kind of way, “You’ll Be in My Heart” is an overwrought bore. J.G. Also Nominated From ’99: “Canada” wasn’t the only gem passed over in the name of Phil: Aimee Mann’s “Save Me” from Magnolia, an Oscar nominee of rare subtlety and vulnerability, was also overlooked. Snubbed: R.E.M.’s “Man on the Moon,” the Aut",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; How many spoons are there in a full set of Apostle spoons?",
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"content": "Rarity4u - Apostle Spoons You have declined cookies. This decision can be reversed. Reconsider Cookies Apostle Spoons For many years, godparents and other relatives have given silver spoons as christening presents. It was this tradition that gave birth to the expression “born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth”, suggesting a child will never be without money. This tradition of giving a spoon can be traced back to the mid 1500's, when spoons cast with one of the 12 apostles were often given as christening and wedding presents. The wealthy giving complete sets and others a small number or just one. It was a generous gift as the majority of spoons at this time were made of wood, few people being able to afford pewter or silver. Complete sets of thirteen different spoons having the same maker and date are very rare.It was also a very practical one as up until about 1670 people just used their fingers and a spoon at mealtimes. People were likely to carry their one and only spoon with them, wiping it between courses. It is unlikely that apostle spoons were in use much before 1500 - the oldest known example is from 1593. An apostle spoon is a type of spoon that has, as the finial, a cast figure depicting one of the Twelve Apostles with his attribute. The typically faceted handles and fig-shaped bowls were generally made from one piece of silver. The figure was attached to the finial with a ‘V’ joint by London makers, while a lap joint was used in other regions. Some of the bowls of the Apostle Spoons were hammered and the stem forged on the bowl; the figures of the Apostles were cast, being afterwards soldered on to the stem. The mark was punched inside the bowl. The apostle figures were identifiable by the symbolic object they carried; 01 The Master cross and orb 02 St. Peter a sword or a key 03 St. Andrew a cross 04 St. James the Greter a pilgrim's staff 05 St. John the cup od sorrow 06 St. Phillip a staff 07 St. Bartholomew a knife 08 St. Thomas a spar 09 St. Matthew an axe or halbert 10 St. James the Less a fuller's bat 11 St. Jude a square 12 St. Simon Zelotes a long saw 13 St. Judas a bag of money Spoons are an extremely popular collecting area in general, partially because a comparatively large number of old examples have survived. Of all antique spoons, apostle spoons are particularly desirable, having attracted the interest of collectors since the 1700's. They have remained popular and thus valuable. Early examples are rare and there are only two complete sets featuring the 12 apostles and Jesus known to exist today. The relatively high value has lead to a number of fakes appearing on the market – usually made up from an antique spoon and a reproduction figure. A full set of Apostle spoons will consist of thirteen spoons, usually silver, with a small figure of Jesus or one of the twelve apostles at the end of each stem. When first made, an apostle spoon such as one made in 1647 by Thomas Dare of Somerset, United Kingdom, would have cost 15 shillings which was a lot of money at the time. Apostle spoons, as with all silver items, have been forged many times over the years and reproduced in great numbers including some made of pewter or latten, as well as inexpensive reproduction which often show the figure without a nimbus or an attribute.If you are checking authenticity, take a close look at the proportions of the spoon - a bowl that is too big for the stem should arouse your suspicions. Look also at the apostle figure which in fakes will often be poorly carved or not have the correct emblem. Finally if there is no wear at all around the edge of the bowl you may be looking at a fake - genuine articles will often show wear and tear.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which river has Newport at its head and Cowes at its mouth?",
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"content": "Newport | Isle of Wight, England, United Kingdom | Britannica.com Isle of Wight, England, United Kingdom Written By: London Newport, town (parish), Isle of Wight , historic county of Hampshire , southern England . It lies near the centre of the diamond-shaped island at the head of the River Medina ’s estuary, 5 miles (8 km) from its mouth at Cowes . Newport was probably the Roman settlement of Medina, but there is no trace of Saxon or Jute settlement. The first charter was granted between 1177 and 1184, and the borough was incorporated in 1608. Newport early superseded nearby Carisbrooke (now a suburb) as the island’s capital because of its facilities for trade. It remains the island’s agricultural and administrative centre. Parkhurst, a major British maximum-security prison, stands on the outskirts. Pop. (2001) 23,558; (2011) 25,496. Learn More in these related articles: Isle of Wight island, unitary authority, and geographic country, part of the historic county of Hampshire. It lies off the south coast of England, in the English Channel. The island is separated from the mainland by a deep strait known as The Solent. The Isle of Wight is diamond-shaped and extends 22.5 miles (36... Corrections? Updates? Help us improve this article! Contact our editors with your feedback. MEDIA FOR: You have successfully emailed this. Error when sending the email. Try again later. Edit Mode Isle of Wight, England, United Kingdom Tips for Editing Submit Tips For Editing We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind. Encyclopædia Britannica articles are written in a neutral objective tone for a general audience. You may find it helpful to search within the site to see how similar or related subjects are covered. Any text you add should be original, not copied from other sources. At the bottom of the article, feel free to list any sources that support your changes, so that we can fully understand their context. (Internet URLs are the best.) Your contribution may be further edited by our staff, and its publication is subject to our final approval. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may not be able to accommodate all contributions. Submit Thank You for Your Contribution! Our editors will review what you've submitted, and if it meets our criteria, we'll add it to the article. Please note that our editors may make some formatting changes or correct spelling or grammatical errors, and may also contact you if any clarifications are needed. Uh Oh There was a problem with your submission. Please try again later. Close Date Published: August 29, 2013 URL: https://www.britannica.com/place/Newport-Isle-of-Wight-England Access Date: January 18, 2017 Share",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was the leader of the British Liberal Party before Jeremy Thorpe?",
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"content": "Jeremy Thorpe New Liberal Leader - British Pathé British Pathé No title - Jeremy Thorpe is new Leader of the Liberal Party. London. M/S pan Jeremy Thorpe arriving at Liberal Party headquarters. C/U portrait of Jo Grimond, pan to press conference notice. L/S crowd of press in room. M/S and C/U Thorpe waving to the pressmen. M/S and C/U press. C/U Thorpe. L/S the press conference. C/U congratulatory telegram. C/U Thorpe reading telegrams, pan to press. C/U Thorpe holding telegrams. Tags",
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trivia_qa_1505900
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; 'That's Livin' Alright' was the theme song to which TV programme?",
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"content": "auf wiedersehen pet thats living alright - YouTube auf wiedersehen pet thats living alright Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Mar 13, 2008 from first series of auf wiedersehen pet opening titles joe fagins thats living alright Category",
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trivia_qa_1505901
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What stadium nicknamed 'The House That Ruth Built' closed in November 2008?",
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"content": "Yankee Stadium™ | The Thomas Kinkade Company Yankee Stadium™ Art Notes In 2008, Yankee Stadium™, the greatest cathedral to the game of baseball, has closed its doors forever. I could not let such a historic moment pass without honoring it in my way. This is the original Yankee Stadium™ – the house that Ruth built. Because this is a distant view, you can people the field with Yankee heroes of your choosing. Could that be Lou Gehrig on first base? Babe Ruth in right field? Joe DiMaggio patrolling center? For eighty-five years, some of the greatest players in the game have called Yankee Stadium™ home. Title: Yankee Stadium™",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; According to the proverb, which animal always returns to its own vomit?",
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"content": "2 PETER 2:22 KJV \"But it is happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog [is] turned to his own vomit again;...\" - King James Version (1611) - View 1611 Bible Scan It has happened to them according to the true proverb, \"A DOG RETURNS TO ITS OWN VOMIT, and, \"A sow, after washing, {returns} to wallowing in the mire.\"\" - New American Standard Version (1995) It has happened unto them according to the true proverb, The dog turning to his own vomit again, and the sow that had washed to wallowing in the mire. - American Standard Version (1901) They are an example of that true saying, The dog has gone back to the food it had put out, and the pig which had been washed to its rolling in the dirty earth. - Basic English Bible But that [word] of the true proverb has happened to them: [The] dog [has] turned back to his own vomit; and, [The] washed sow to [her] rolling in mud. - Darby Bible But it hath happened to them according to the true proverb, The dog is turned to his own vomit again; and, The sow that was washed, to her wallowing in the mire. - Webster's Bible Their case is that described in the true proverb, \"A dog returns to what he has vomited,\" and also in the other proverb, \"The sow has washed itself and now goes back to roll in its filth.\" - Weymouth Bible But it has happened to them according to the true proverb, \"The dog turns to his own vomit again,\" and \"the sow that has washed to wallowing in the mire.\" - World English Bible For thilke very prouerb bifelde to hem, The hound turnede ayen to his castyng, and a sowe is waischun in walwyng in fenne. - Wycliffe Bible and happened to them hath that of the true similitude; `A dog did turn back upon his own vomit,' and, `A sow having bathed herself -- to rolling in mire.' - Youngs Literal Bible",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The state of Malta consists of several islands - which is second in size to Malta itself?",
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"content": "Where is Malta located on the map of Europe? You are here: Home » About Malta » Where is Malta located? Malta Where is Malta located on the map? Heard about Malta somewhere and looking for its location on the world map? You’ve come to the right place! Where is Malta located? The island of Malta is a small independent nation state in the centre of the Mediterranean in Europe and is the EU’s smallest member state. Looking at the map of Europe, Malta lies just 93 km (58 miles) South of Sicily (Italy) in Southern Europe and roughly 300 km (186 miles) North from the North African coast. Malta is an island nation that consists of three islands: main island Malta , Gozo and Comino . The country’s official languages are Maltese and English. Malta’s capital city is Valletta, which is centrally located on the island’s North coast and has the island’s largest harbour. The main island of Malta is the largest and most developed island. Its sister island of Gozo is idyllic and peaceful and mostly rural, offering breathtaking views and great opportunities for outdoor activities, such has hiking, biking and rock climbing. Comino is the smallest island of the three and is inhabited by only a few people. The island hosts a hotel renowned for its hospitality and facilities to spend relaxing holidays in Malta and is the location for one of Malta’s most beautiful bays: the Blue Lagoon. How big is Malta? The size of Malta’s population is roughly 400,000 whilst its geographical size is limited to around 316 square kilometres and as a result, Malta ranks highly on the list of most densely populated countries in the world. The leading religion in Malta is Roman Catholicism, followed by the vast majority of the population. Travelling to Malta? Get FREE travel tips!",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who plays John Watson in the TV drama ‘Sherlock’?",
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"content": "Sherlock (TV Series 2010– ) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error on Amazon Video ON DISC A modern update finds the famous sleuth and his doctor partner solving crime in 21st century London. Creators: Jim Moriarty hatches a mad scheme to turn the whole city against Sherlock. 9.7 Sherlock must confiscate something of importance from a mysterious woman named Irene Adler. 9.6 Sherlock faces one of the most chilling enemies of his long career: the powerful and seemingly unassailable Culverton Smith - a man with a very dark secret indeed. 9.5 a list of 33 titles created 14 Sep 2013 a list of 27 titles created 06 Feb 2014 a list of 43 titles created 28 May 2014 a list of 40 titles created 29 Jun 2014 a list of 34 titles created 2 months ago Search for \" Sherlock \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Nominated for 1 Golden Globe. Another 78 wins & 125 nominations. See more awards » Videos Game of Thrones (TV Series 2011) Adventure | Drama | Fantasy Nine noble families fight for control over the mythical lands of Westeros. Meanwhile, a forgotten race hell-bent on destruction returns after being dormant for thousands of years. Stars: Emilia Clarke, Peter Dinklage, Kit Harington A high school chemistry teacher diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer turns to manufacturing and selling methamphetamine in order to secure his family's future. Stars: Bryan Cranston, Aaron Paul, Anna Gunn House of Cards (TV Series 2013) Drama A Congressman works with his equally conniving wife to exact revenge on the people who betrayed him. Stars: Kevin Spacey, Michel Gill, Robin Wright Matt Murdock, with his other senses superhumanly enhanced, fights crime as a blind lawyer by day, and vigilante by night. Stars: Charlie Cox, Vincent D'Onofrio, Deborah Ann Woll The Walking Dead (TV Series 2010) Drama | Horror | Thriller Sheriff Deputy Rick Grimes leads a group of survivors in a world overrun by the walking dead. Fighting the dead, fearing the living. Stars: Andrew Lincoln, Norman Reedus, Melissa McBride A woman who moves into an apartment across the hall from two brilliant but socially awkward physicists shows them how little they know about life outside of the laboratory. Stars: Johnny Galecki, Jim Parsons, Kaley Cuoco Stranger Things (TV Series 2016) Drama | Fantasy | Horror When a young boy disappears, his mother, a police chief, and his friends must confront terrifying forces in order to get him back. Stars: Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard True Detective (TV Series 2014) Crime | Drama | Mystery An anthology series in which police investigations unearth the personal and professional secrets of those involved, both within and outside the law. Stars: Vince Vaughn, Colin Farrell, Rachel McAdams Follows the personal and professional lives of six 20 to 30-something-year-old friends living in Manhattan. Stars: Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow Dexter Morgan is a Forensics Expert, a loyal brother, boyfriend, and friend. That's what he seems to be, but that's not what he really is. Dexter Morgan is a Serial Killer that hunts the bad. Stars: Michael C. Hall, Jennifer Carpenter, David Zayas Mr. Robot (TV Series 2015) Crime | Drama | Thriller Follows Elliot, a young programmer working as a cyber-security engineer by day, and a vigilante hacker by night. Stars: Rami Malek, Christian Slater, Portia Doubleday Various chronicles of deception, intrigue and murder in and around frozen Minnesota. Yet all of these tales mysteriously lead back one way or another to Fargo, ND. Stars: Billy Bob Thornton, Martin Freeman, Allison Tolman Edit Storyline In this modernized version of the Conan Doyle characters, using his detective plots, Sherlock Holmes lives in early 21st century London and acts",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"The musical term \"\"scherzo\"\" takes its name from the Italian word for what?\"",
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"content": "Opera Terms Pronunciation Guide Pronunciation Guide: Opera Terms apron - the forward part of the stage between the curtain and the orchestra pit aria - a song for solo voice with instrumental accompaniment. Arias appear in cantatas, oratorios, and operas beginning in the 17trh century. Usually they emphasize musical expression more than the text. The text is often reflective, rather than descriptive of action. Arias are usually not strophic and they provide lyric interludes that temporarily pull the listener away from the action of the story. ballad opera - a form of 18th century English operatic entertainment that consisted of spoken dialogue and musical numbers from popular music sources such as ballads, folk songs, and songs from other plays. The first example was The Beggar's Opera (1728) by John Gay, with music arranged by J. Pepusch. It was a satire of the Italian opera seria popular in London at the time. baritone - a male voice with a range between that of the low bass voice and the high tenor. The usual span is between G and e'. Baritone parts may require either expressive, lyricial singing or they may be more heroic, as in the title role of Verdi's Rigoletto. baroque - the period in music history that spans from approximately 1600 to 1750. This period saw the birth of opera through the efforts of the Florentine Camerata and the works of Monteverdi.The best known late baroque operas are those of G.F. Handel. bass - the lowest male voice, frequently subdivided in several categories (see following entries). The range is between E and c'. This example is Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov. basso buffo - a category of bass voice that specializes in comic roles, frequently seen in the operas of Mozart and Rossini. Dr. Bartolo in Rossini's The Barber of Seville is a famous example. basso cantante - a type of bass voice that demonstrates a melodic, singing quality rather than a comic or tragic one. An example is King Philip in Verdi's Don Carlos. basso profundo - the most serious of the bass voices. Sarastro in Mozart's The Magic Flute is an example. bel canto - \"beautiful song,\" the traditional art of Italian singing which emphasizes elegant phrasing, beautiful tone and brilliant technique; bel canto flourished in the early to mid-19th century, in the works of Rossini, Bellini and Donizetti. blocking - the moving of people around the stage by the stage director to set up the patterns that will be followed during the performance of the opera cabaletta - a brisk aria in Italian opera, generally following a more solemn, thoughtful one; the cabaletta frequently refers to a contradictory or complimentary state of mind, and may even lead towards impassioned action from the character on stage. The term itself comes from the Italian\"cavallo\" which means horse: the accompaniment of the cabaletta frequently resembles the animal's galloping gait. cadenza - a musical flourish, frequently made upon the spot by the performer, which occurs when an aria or a section of an aria seems to be coming to its close (its cadence spot); until the time of Verdi, cadenzas were expected to be improvised by the singer or the performer and were seldom notated precisely by the composer. The long passage between soprano and flute in the mad scene of Lucia di Lammermoor is an improvised double cadenza for those performers. Camerata - a gathering of writers and musician who, in the late 16th century, regularly met to discuss art and experiment with form. In the years prior to 1580, the gathering assembled at the residence of Giovanni de Bardi, and after 1592, at the home of Jacopo Corsi. Vincenzo Galileo, the astronomer's father, was among them. Their deliberations led directly to the rise of opera as a combination of music, drama and stage spectacle. Jacopo Peri, a musician at the Medici court and a member of t",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On the death of Horatio Nelson, who assumed command at the 'Battle of Trafalgar'?",
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"content": "THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR AND DEATH OF ADMIRAL HORATIO NELSON | The Mitchell Archives - Original Historic Newspapers THE BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR AND DEATH OF ADMIRAL HORATIO NELSON TRAFALGAR – A DECISIVE VICTORY FOR ENGLAND, BUT ALSO A GREAT LOSS (NELSON) COMPLETE EYEWITNESS DETAILS OF THE BLOODY BATTLE The London Gazette, EXTRAORDINARY November 6, 1805 We are truly proud to present first report of Admiral Collingwood’s (Nelson’s second in command) official account of the most famous English Naval battle since the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1688. The admiral describes the triumph over the combined French and Spanish Fleet, lists the dead and wounded, and laments the death of Britain’s naval hero, Lord Horatio Nelson, who was mortally wounded while pacing the deck of his powerful flagship Victory. The long report reads, in small part: “Euryalus, off Cape Trafalgar, October 22, 1805, SIR, The ever to be lamented Death of Vice-Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson, who, in the late Conflict with the Enemy, fell in the Hour of Victory, leave to me the Duty of Informing my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty…”, followed by an in-depth account of the events leading to the battle, and the historic sea-fight itself. Collingwood continues: “…The Action began at Twelve o’clock, by the leading Ships of the Columns breaking through the Enemy’s line…the Conflict was severe; the Enemy’s Ships were fought with a Gallantry highly honorable to their Officers, but the Attack on them was irresistible, and it pleased the Almighty Disposer of all Events, to grant His Majesty’s Arms a complete and Glorious Victory…Such a Battle could not be fought without sustaining a great Loss of Men, I have not only to lament, in common with the British Navy, and the British Nation, on the Fall of the Commander in Chief, the Loss of a Hero, whose Name will be immortal, and his name ever dear to his Country.” Nelson invoked several new tactics that broke the enemy’s line of warships and created chaos–many of the French and Spanish ships never got into the battle! In London, Trafalgar Square commemorated the legendary victory, and features a large statue of Horatio Nelson. In addition, his flagship “Victory” is berthed in Portsmouth where I had the honor to be piped aboard in my Naval uniform in 1987, and was allowed to examine Nelson’s cabin–quite a thrill for me. Four pages, last page blank, partial auburn tax stamp on page two, excellent condition throughout. All other newspapers obtained their reports on the event from this printing. One of the rarest and most sought after of English newspapers. $9500",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which year of the 1930’s did Fred Perry first win the Wimbledon men’s singles title?",
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"content": "History - 1930s - The Championships, Wimbledon 2017 - Official Site by IBM READ MORE 1931: Sidney Wood The 1931 Men’s Championship final has a sad place in Wimbledon’s distinguished history in being the only one never to have taken place. In what was to have been an all-American affair between Davis Cup team-mates and good friends Sidney Wood and Frank Shields, the 19-year-old Wood was handed the trophy without having to swing a racket when Shields was forced to withdraw from what should have been his great day after damaging a knee in his semi-final victory over Jean Borotra. Wood had made his Wimbledon debut as a 15-year-old in 1927, gathering a mere five games in losing his first-round match against Rene Lacoste and 1931 was his first Wimbledon since that miserable occasion. Seeded seventh, he dropped only two sets in reaching the semi-finals, where he saw off the challenge of a bright English 22-year-old called Fred Perry in four sets. It was to be, in effect, the match which won him the title. 1933: Jack Crawford v Ellsworth Vines Having won the 1932 Wimbledon men’s crown on debut at 21, the tall Californian Ellsworth Vines was a hot favourite to repeat that success at the 1933 Championships. With his centre-parted hair, long-sleeved shirts buttoned at the wrists and old-fashioned square-headed racket, his opponent in the final, Jack Crawford, was a throwback to the more leisurely, elegant days of tennis, but there was nothing old-fashioned about his game, or his tactics. Battered by the Vines serve, which produced 11 winning games to love, Crawford clung on grimly. The Australian edged through in the second 11-9 and won the third easily, only to drop the fourth. In the fifth set, Crawford abandoned his defensive tactics, began rushing the net and won the title 4-6, 11-9, 6-2, 2-6, 6-4 by breaking the Vines serve to love. It has deservedly taken its place as one of the finest ever Wimbledon finals, and proved a popular victory for the first Australian champion since Gerald Patterson 11 years earlier. 1935: Helen Wills Moody v Jacobs The dazzling 1920s achievements of Suzanne Lenglen at Wimbledon were soon matched, and then exceeded, by Helen Wills Moody, a Californian the media nicknamed “Miss Poker Face”, whose eight Wimbledon singles titles remained a women’s record until Martina Navratilova hove into sight in the 1990s. It was the misfortune of another Californian, Helen Jacobs, to have a career which ran parallel to the world’s greatest. Jacobs was the victim in four of Wills Moody’s last five Wimbledon finals, but none could have been more disappointing than the 1935 final. Wills Moody was short of practice and seeded only fourth when she arrived in search of her seventh Wimbledon. Having dropped the second set Wills Moody was rattled and went match point down at 2-5 in the deciding set, saving it when Jacobs netted a wind-affected smash. Inevitably from there, Wills Moody surged home 6-3, 3-6, 7-5. The following year provided consolation of sorts for Jacobs. With Wills Moody absent, she won her only Wimbledon. 1936: Fred Perry’s third title Fred Perry’s achievement in winning Wimbledon in three successive years still shines beacon-bright. When he pulled off the first hat-trick of titles it marked a quarter of a century since Britain’s previous men’s winner, Arthur Gore in 1909 (the year Fred was born), and since then 75 years have passed without a British men’s champion. The fact all three of Perry’s victories were achieved in straight sets was testimony to a fitness regime, which included training with the Arsenal football team, and the first was possibly the most impressive when in the 1934 final he overcame the defending champion Jack Crawford 6-3, 6-0, 7-5. Gottfried von Cramm, the first German to reach a Wimbledon men’s final, was Perry’s 6-2, 6-4, 6-4 victim in the 1935 final, but there was concern when von Cramm defeated Perry in the 1936 French Open final. Aided by the knowledge that the German was carrying a leg injury, though, Perry swept home 6-1, 6-1, 6-0. And after winning the US title two months",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Catholic missionary and Nobel laureate died in 1997?",
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"content": "Mother Teresa - Facts Mother Teresa The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 Mother Teresa Born: 26 August 1910, Uskup (now Skopje), Ottoman Empire (now Republic of Macedonia) Died: 5 September 1997, Calcutta, India Residence at the time of the award: India Role: Leader of Missionaries of Charity, Calcutta Field: humanitarian work Prize share: 1/1 Saint in the Gutter - and Saint in Heaven? At the age of twelve, the Catholic Albanian girl Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu heard a call. God demanded that she devote her life to Him. She entered a nunnery, received an education, and was sent to Calcutta in India to be a teacher. Her new name was Teresa. In India she received a second call from God: to help the poor while living among them. She founded a new sisterhood, Missionaries of Charity. Mother Teresa and her helpers built homes for orphans, nursing homes for lepers and hospices for the terminally ill in Calcutta. Mother Teresa's organization also engaged in aid work in other parts of the world. The modest nun became known all over the world, and money poured in. But she was also criticized. It was alleged that dying people in the hospices were refused pain relief, whereas Mother Teresa herself accepted hospital treatment. She also held a conservative view on abortion. She was regarded as a spokesperson for the Vatican. In 2003, the Pope took the first step towards her canonization. Copyright © The Norwegian Nobel Institute Share this:",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which Shakespeare play does the character Mercutio appear?",
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"content": "Introduction to Shakespeare's Mercutio from Romeo and Juliet Shakespeare's Characters: Mercutio (Romeo and Juliet) From Romeo and Juliet. Ed. K. Deighton. London: Macmillan. Mercutio is the very antithesis to Romeo. \"The brooding nature of Romeo,\" says Dowden, \"which cherishes emotion, and lives in it, is made salient by contrast with Mercutio, who is all wit, and intellect, and vivacity, an uncontrollable play of gleaming and glancing life. Upon the morning after the betrothal with Juliet, a meeting happens between Romeo and Mercutio. Previously, while a lover of Rosaline, Romeo had cultivated a lover-like melancholy. But now, partly because his blood runs gladly, partly because the union of soul with Juliet has made the whole world more real and substantial, and things have grown too solid and lasting to be disturbed by a laugh, Romeo can contend in jest with Mercutio himself, and stretch his wit of cheveril 'from an inch narrow to an ell broad.' Mercutio and the Nurse are Shakespeare's creations in this play. For the character of the former he had but a slight hint in the poem of Arthur Brooke. There we read of Mercutio as a courtier who was bold among the bashful maidens as a lion among lambs, and we are told that he had an 'ice-cold hand.' Putting together these two suggestions, discovering a significance in them, and animating them with the breath of his own life, Shakespeare created the brilliant figure which lights up the first half of Romeo and Juliet, and disappears when the colours become all too grave and sombre. Romeo has accepted the great bond of love. Mercutio, with his ice-cold hand, the lion among maidens, chooses above all things a defiant liberty of speech, gaily at war with the proprieties, an airy freedom of fancy, a careless and masterful courage in dealing with life, as though it were a matter of slight importance. He will not attach himself to either of the houses. He is invited by Capulet to the banquet; but he goes to the banquet in company with Romeo and the Montagues. He can do generous and disinterested things; but he will not submit to the trammels of being recognized as generous. He dies maintaining his freedom, and defying death with a jest. To be made worm's meat of so stupidly, by a villain that fights by the book of arithmetic, and through Romeo's awkwardness, is enough to make a man impatient. \"A plague o' both your houses!\" The death of Mercutio is like the removal of a shifting breadth of sunlight which sparkles on the sea; now the clouds close in upon one another and the stress of the gale begins.\" _________ From The Works of William Shakespeare. Vol. 8. Ed. Evangeline Maria O'Connor. J.D. Morris and Co. These few lines contain all that Arthur Brooke provides in the way of suggestion of the character of Mercutio � effectually nothing � the scene is the hall: � \"At the one side of her chair her lover Romeo, And on the other side there sat one called Mercutio; A courtier that each where was highly had in price, For he was courteous of his speech and pleasant of device; Even as a lion would among the lambs be bold, Such was among the bashful maids Mercutio to behold. With friendly gripe he seized fair Juliet's snowish hand � A gift he had that nature gave him in his swathing-band, That frozen mountain ice was never half so cold As were his hands, though near the fire he did them hold.\" Thus far, however, the contrast with the grasp of Romeo is continued in the play, that Mercutio is the most decided foil to his more refined and delicately gifted spirit. In vivacity and liveliness he may be his equal, and he is endowed with an aptness for excitement and a flow of fantastic associations that, in the absence of sentiment, are the first though insufficient conditions of poetical invention; but his fancy tends to be overborne by fluency as his mirth by boisterousness; he is a gay companion and a ready partisan, but lax not to the verge but to the very limits of coarseness in his talk. It is this very characteristic that renders him indispensable, for such things are,",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Who wrote the musical \"\"We Will Rock You\"\" in collaboration with Brian May?\"",
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"content": "We Will Rock You Musical left picture: Tony Vincent (Galileo) and Hannah Jane Fox (Scaramouche) right picture: Sharon D Clarke (Killer Queen) and Alexander Hanson (Khashoggi) In the end he finds the last e-guitar of the world at the ruins of the Wembley Stadium: Brian May´s Red Special. While Scaramouche plays on it and Galileo sings towards it the world turns into good again. The author of the musical, Ben Elton, manages to squeeze 30 Queen hits into this show. Some do fit perfectly into the storyplot and are very funny - others don´t fit in the plot so well, but are nice to hear nevertheless. The musical is a very british one, so I guess it would be very diffilcult to be a success outside of the UK. Once you get used to the weird story-plot the musical starts to make real fun to watch. Especially good are all the little remarks of lyrics and names of the pop and rock-world - which makes it to a good musical for all pop and rock-fans, especially Queen fans of course. Unfortunately due to that it will be difficult ro reach the mass of the people (the mainstream) and the musical fans - and without them a long running time will be doubtful in my opinion. Personally I was satisfied with the show and it was better than expected, although you have to admit that if you know the movie \"Matrix\" many similarities seem to be obvious. Especially good are the voices of the whole cast. Stunning and the absolute highligh of the show: Sharon D.Clarke as Killer Queen. And of course it was good to see Spike Edney and Neil Murray as part of the live band! Brian May was very involved into this musical as he is resposnsible for the vocal harmony arrangements and is music supervisor as well (together with Roger Taylor and Mike Dixon). He spent month after month working hard for this project. Unfortunately -with just ONE exception- London´s press gave the musical very bad marks (two examples can be found at the end of this review): Robert deNiro, Brian May, Roger Taylor Brian May is optimistic nevertheless: \"The show brings new live into the songs and we hope that it will run for 20 years\" review (c) by Oliver Tamminga Daily Express: THE new Queen Musical WE WILL ROCK YOU, has had some of the worst reviews since that glorious musical Bernadette. I imagine Robert De Niro, one of its producers, will be in a terrifying mood. But the question is: will Queen fans love it? Unlike Mamma Mia, which weaved the songs of ABBA into a show that turned out to be enjoyably witty, this struck me as compilation-ism at its naffest. The story is the problem - or rather Ben Elton is the problem. He has invented a plot set 300 years in the future where Earth - Planet Mall - is a police state, live music is banned and the kids are repressed. Original, eh? Only computerised girl band pop is tolerated by the GlobalSoft Corporation - run by the Killer Queen (sassy Sharon D Clarke) and her henchman - to the disgust of two young rebels, one of whom hears lyrical fragments from the legendary Age of Rock in his head. Galileo (Tony Vincent) and his punkette chick, Scaramouche (Hannah Jane Fox), try to save the world with the aid of a brain-dead biker hippy, played by Nigel Planer of course. They are forced to utter dialogue of pulverising awfulness (cheap gags and sermonising satire). No amount of money - and it was millions - spent on hi-tech lasers and virtual visuals can make up for the script. The Ga-Ga girl band, choreographed by Arlene Phillips, make frequent appearances and you wish they wouldn't. The best thing about the show is the band which plays the hits live but unseen. It is led by Laurie Wisefield, late of Wishbone Ash, who brilliantly apes Brian May's guitar style at a billion decibels. But it is neither a decent rock gig (they bottle out of Bohemian Rhapsody) nor satisfying theatre. Only hard core Queen fans can save it from an early bath. The Times: Without Freddie this is nothing but theatre ga-ga By Caitlin Moran WHO doesn�t miss Freddie Mercury? I miss Freddie Mercury. The remaining members of Queen miss Freddie Mercury. EMI Records certa",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who according to a song by Ian Dury was a charmer, as a writer he was brahma. velvet jackets and pyjamas, the gay divorcee and other dramas?",
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"content": "Ian Dury - There Ain't Half Been Some Clever Bastards Lyrics Meaning | Lyreka Ian Dury There Ain't Half Been Some Clever Bastards Lyrics Song Meaning Noel Coward was a charmer. As a writer he was brahma. Velvet jackets and pyjamas, \"The Gay Divorcee\" and other dramas. Verse 2 There ain't half been some clever bastards (Lucky bleeders, lucky bleeders) There ain't half been some clever bas-tards. Verse 3 Van Gogh did some eyeball pleasers. He must have been a pencil squeezer. He didn't do the Mona Lisa, That was an Italian geezer. Verse 4 There ain't half been some clever bastards (Lucky bleeders, lucky bleeders) There ain't half been some clever bas-tards. Verse 5 Einstein can't be classed as witless. He claimed atoms were the littlest. When you did a bit of splitting-em-ness Frighten everybody shitless There ain't half been some clever bastards. Probably got help from their mum (who had help from her mum). There ain't half been some clever bastards. Now that we've had some, Let's hope that there's lots more to come. Verse 7",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which of the many songs in Mary Poppins won an Oscar",
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"content": "1965 | Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Art Direction (Color) - Art Direction: Carroll Clark, William H. Tuntke; Set Decoration: Emile Kuri, Hal Gausman Writing (Screenplay--based on material from another medium) - Bill Walsh, Don DaGradi Cinematography (Color) - Edward Colman Music (Scoring of Music--adaptation or treatment) - Irwin Kostal Directing - Robert Stevenson Costume Design (Color) - Tony Walton Best Picture - Walt Disney and Bill Walsh, Producers Sound - Walt Disney Studio Sound Department, Robert O. Cook, Sound Director * Music (Song) - Chim Chim Cher-ee in \"Mary Poppins\" Music and Lyrics by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman * Film Editing - Cotton Warburton",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who won the 2010 World Professional Snooker Championship?",
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"content": "World Snooker: Steve Davis says women will never match top men - BBC Sport BBC Sport World Snooker: Steve Davis says women will never match top men By Caroline Rigby Read more about sharing. Steve Davis does not expect to ever see a woman compete in the final stages of the World Snooker Championship. The six-time world champion, 56, believes the \"obsessive\" nature of men for an \"absolutely irrelevant\" activity gives them an advantage. \"The male of the species has got a single-minded, obsessional type of brain that I don't think so many females have,\" he told BBC World Service's Sports Hour. Leading women's player Reanne Evans agreed that focusing solely on the game, given other priorities and a lack of financial support, is hard. \"I think women find it difficult just to concentrate on snooker,\" said the 28-year-old, who has a seven-year-old daughter. \"I've got my little girl and you're always thinking about them. Reanne Evans Began playing snooker aged 13 Highest break of 140 in 2008 Had child with male player Mark Allen - 2006 Won world mixed doubles with Neil Robertson in 2008 and Michael Holt in 2009 Became first woman to qualify for main stages of a men's ranking event in 2013 \"I just think maybe men find it easier to focus on one thing at one time. Maybe that's a slight advantage there. \"The men's game has the backing behind them that they can afford to have a part-time job, or no job, and just practise and work at the snooker, whereas there's no money in the women's game whatsoever.\" There are currently no professional women snooker players, despite top-tier competitions being open to both genders. Evans, who has won the Ladies World Championship for 10 successive years since 2005, was handed a wildcard to the World Snooker Tour for the 2010-11 season, but failed to win a match. She did, however, become the first female to reach the main stages of a ranking event last June by beating Thai player Thepchaiyah Un-Nooh in qualifying for the Wuxi Classic. While Evans dominates the women's game with an average break of around 40, she admits her level is still some way off the top male players. World number one Neil Robertson became the first player to record 100 centuries in the same season during his quarter-final victory over Judd Trump at the Crucible on Wednesday. Davis thinks women lack \"that single minded determination in something that must be said is a complete waste of time - trying to put snooker balls into pockets with a pointed stick. \"Men are ideally suited to doing something as absolutely irrelevant in life as that,\" he said. \"They're the ones who have train sets in the loft. They have stamp collections to die for. Right? These are stupid things to do with your life. As is trying to practise eight hours a day to get to World Championship level. \"So therefore I think we are also the idiots of the species as well. The male of the species has got a single-minded, obsessional type of brain that I don't think so many females have.\" Davis won six world titles between 1981-1989 but has now lost his place on the main tour for the first time Asked if he thought a woman would ever compete in the latter stages of the World Championship, the BBC commentator replied: \"No.\" Evans was seven-and-a-half months pregnant with her daughter, Lauren, when she won the ladies world title in 2006. \"The trophy just about fitted on my bump,\" she recalled. \"I could only just about break off. It was very weird playing with a bump.\" Later this month, the mother-of-one from Dudley in the West Midlands will take part in World Snooker's Q School in an attempt to qualify as a professional. These days we're a fast moving sport. The opportunity is there for girls to play WPBSA's Jason Ferguson She believes mental strength rather than physical power is the key factor which sets men apart from the women. \"It can be an advantage if you have cue power but there are a lot of men out there who haven't got a lot of cue power, like [Hong Kong's world ranked number seven] Marco Fu compared to [world number five] Shaun Murphy,\" she added. \"But it's not",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On which island is the mountain Adam's Peak?",
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"content": "Adam's Peak Adam's Peak Adam’s Peak, Sri Lanka Jutting sharply skyward from the lush jungles of southwestern Sri Lanka is the 7362 foot (2243 meter) peak of Sri Pada, the 'Holy Footprint'. Also called Adam's Peak, the mountain has the unique distinction of being sacred to the followers of four of the world's major religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity and Islam. Long before the development of these religions, however, the mountain was worshipped by the aboriginal inhabitants of Sri Lanka, the Veddas. Their name for the peak was Samanala Kanda; Saman being one of the four guardian deities of the island. For Hindus, the name of the mountain is Sivan Adi Padham, because it was the world-creative dance of the god Shiva that left the giant footprint (5 feet 7 inches by 2 feet 6 inches). According to Buddhist traditions from as early as 300 BC, the real print is actually beneath this larger marking. Imprinted on a huge sapphire, it was left by the Buddha during the third and final of his legendary visits to Sri Lanka. When Portuguese Christians came to the island in the 16th century they claimed the impression to be the footprint of St. Thomas who, according to legend, first brought Christianity to Sri Lanka. And finally, the Arabs record it as being the solitary footprint of Adam where he stood for a thousand years of penance on one foot. An Arab tradition tells that when Adam was expelled from heaven, God put him on the peak to make the shock less terrible - Ceylon being that place on earth closest to and most like heaven. The mountain is more easily seen from the sea than from land, and also more impressive. Early Arab seafarers fascinated with the pyramidal peak wrote of it as \"the highest mountain in the world\" (it is not even the highest in Sri Lanka), and \"visible from three days sail\". The ancient Sinhalese also believed it to be of great height and a native legend tells \"from Seyllan to Paradise is forty miles, and the sound of the fountains of Paradise is heard here\". Visited by many early world travelers, among them the Arab Ibn Batuta (1304-1368) and the Venetian Marco Polo (1254-1324), Adam's Peak attained a legendary status as a mystic pilgrimage destination. Today the pilgrimage season commences in December and continues until the beginning of the monsoon rains in April (from May to October the mountain is obscurred by clouds). Certain parts of the path leading up the mountain are extremely steep and the climbing chains secured in these sections are said to have been placed by Alexander the Great (365-323 BC), though there is no evidence that he made it this far south on his Asia travels. Atop the peak is an oblong platform (74 x 24 feet) where stands a small Buddhist temple and the shrine of Saman with the strange footprint. Votive offerings are made here, especially of a coil of silver as long as the donor is tall, for recovery from sickness; and rain-water taken from the footprint is known to have a wonderful healing power. Adam's Peak is also called Samanalakande or the 'butterfly mountain' because of the myriads of small butterflies that fly from all over the island to die upon the sacred mountain. A Buddhist monk venerating the Holy Footprint on Adam's Peak, Sri Lanka",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the wife of an Earl called?",
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"content": "Earl | Define Earl at Dictionary.com earl noun 1. a British nobleman of a rank below that of marquis and above that of viscount: called count for a time after the Norman conquest. The wife of an earl is a countess. 2. (in Anglo-Saxon England) a governor of one of the great divisions of England, including East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, and Wessex. Origin of earl Old English 900 before 900; Middle English erl, Old English eorl; cognate with Old Saxon erl man, Old Norse jarl chieftain Earl a male given name: from the old English word meaning “noble.”. Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for earl Expand Contemporary Examples His wife is the niece of an earl who once worked as a lady-in-waiting to a royal duchess. The Kensington District Geraldine Edith Mitton He could remember clearly now, the earl's explanations of the action of the coronet. Millennium Everett B. Cole The Smuggler's Cave George A. Birmingham He thought of the names he had heard used by the guards of the earl. Millennium Everett B. Cole British Dictionary definitions for earl Expand noun 1. (in the British Isles) a nobleman ranking below a marquess and above a viscount Female equivalent countess 2. (in Anglo-Saxon England) a royal governor of any of the large divisions of the kingdom, such as Wessex Word Origin Old English eorl; related to Old Norse jarl chieftain, Old Saxon erl man Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for earl Expand n. Old English eorl \"brave man, warrior, leader, chief\" (contrasted with ceorl \"churl\"), from Proto-Germanic *erlo-z, of uncertain origin. In Anglo-Saxon poetry, \"a warrior, a brave man;\" in later Old English, \"nobleman,\" especially a Danish under-king (equivalent of cognate Old Norse jarl), then one of the viceroys under the Danish dynasty in England. After 1066 adopted as the equivalent of Latin comes (see count (n.)). Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Steve Irwin, beloved Australian who died after a stingray mistook his chest for a dart board, was better known as whom?",
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"content": "The Sydney Morning Herald Blogs: The Daily Truth Posted by: GerardW on September 6, 2006 10:30 AM Saint Diana, Saint David Hookes, Saint Steve Irwin... Posted by: Oz_1788 on September 6, 2006 10:43 AM Let's face a fact here. Steve Irwin was a yobbo who made millions out of that image Every second Yank I meet, immediately on picking me for an Australian gushes \"Oh, I LOVE the Crocodile Hunter.\" My standard response is \"well, that would make you and idiot wouldn't it?\" Still, I have to take my hat off to him in this respect: stupid and full of half baked ideas as he was, he really found a market for his faux heroics and animal molesting and milked it for all it's worth. He had it coming and the only thing I have difficulty with is the attention he received before and after his death. All the sycophants who thought he was so bloody cool should realise that their voyeuristic Colosseumesque reaction to stirring up dangerous animals is what killed him. They are responsible for his death. I spent several years jumping out of perfectly sound aircraft from 12,000'. I had 2 canopy malfunctions in several hundred jumps that scared the crap out of me. But if I made a splat I hoped that the only thing said at my funeral would be \"stupid bastard.\" The press, including SMH are so afraid of going against this mass hysteria. Peter Beatty is the worst. A savvy reader of the polls as any who can exploit a situation in an instant. It all makes me sick. I'm having trouble feeling sorry for his wife who encouraged the melodrama on camera for all it was worth. Quite literally. But I do. And especially for his children who are now without a father. Posted by: Seppo on September 6, 2006 10:46 AM Hi Jack The media is in the business of firstly, making money, then secondly providing a news service. They smell stories, tributes and quite a few more \"Current Affairs Special Editiions\". It is overstated, but perhaps by not a lot. I think everyone I've had a conversation with, over the past couple of days has gone there. \"What about Steve Irwin eh?\" \"Yeah amazing, who'd have thunk it?\" \"Yeah, a stingray\" \"yeah, I didn't think it'd be a stingray\" This story does have significant penetration into our culture. Look at the number of comments it's created on the news sites. This is my first posting in your blog... on this topic. I daresay there will be others. It's sad that the media just overcooks it so, and that everyone from the Prime Minister to Idol contestants have had a microphone thrust in their faces. I reckon they feel compelled to ham-up their response to garner the public support - or face accusations of not showing the appropriate grief. I, for one, didn't quite understand the whole media frenzy over the \"Baby Bob incident\". Perhaps there should have been caption on every news item. \"This man is a trained professional, do not try this with your own baby\". I also can't help thinking there was some residual hysteria from the Michael Jackson incident. (What's that kid called? Prince Michael II, or \"blanket\" or something?) The media had discovered that they, combined with everyone who had an opinion were better parents than Jacko. And probably were. Then they tried it on Steve Irwin. Everyone was horrified at a primal level. They couldn't get it, that this guy was probably raised just the same - in the presence of crocodiles and dangerous animals all his life. Anyway - on to Ms Greer. Her rantings, as usual, speak much larger volumes about her own anger at everything than anything else. I can't recall a time whan Ms Greer has had anything positive to say. Possible because I show no interest in her activities at all, but more likely because she's just become loathsome, and the only way she can express herself is via unprovoked bitterness. I read her rubbish, and felt anger. It's the first time, I've tried to track down a person's email address and sned her MY opinion. (Then I got bored and calmed down atfer a fruitless 5 minute search). As far as I know, he's done nothing to Ms Greer, apart from operated from a set",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Rose Sayer falls for Charlie Allnut in which movie?",
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"content": "Film Notes -The African Queen The African Queen (American, 1951, 105 minutes, color, 35mm) Directed by John Huston Robert Morley . . . . . . Reverend Samuel Sayer Peter Bull . . . . . . . . . . Captain of Louisa The following film notes were prepared for the New York State Writers Institute by Kevin Jack Hagopian, Senior Lecturer in Media Studies at Pennsylvania State University: The story of Charlie Allnut and Rose Sayer appealed to John Huston instantly. C. S. Forester’s tale of a mismatched couple, the convict and the missionary lady, centered on one of the best colorfully conflicted duos in Huston films. The leads were first to have been played by Charles Laughton and his wife, Elsa Lanchester, and then by Bette Davis and David Niven. But Katherine Hepburn, then finishing a national tour of As You Like It for the Theatre Guild, loved the book, and saw in Rosie a woman much like herself—a prim-seeming product of a starched society with vast, hidden reserves of unorthodoxy and bravery. She’d never met Humphrey Bogart or director John Huston, but she admired both of them. She agreed to do the film on one condition—that the film would actually be shot in its setting, equatorial Africa. Renegade independent producer Sam Spiegel knew that Hepburn was the only Rosie in the world, and he gulped and agreed. No one could have known the agonies that awaited them, agonies that made everyone feel remarkably close to the world of Rosie and Charlie. Shipping a whole movie company thousands of miles across the world and into the African bush greatly appealed to director Huston, who, after the experience of THE TREASURE OF THE SIERRA MADRE’s Mexican locations, was even more eager to use extensive location work in this film. He flew over 25,000 miles of African terrain before choosing a camp near Biondo, on the Ruiki River in what was then the Belgian Congo. Not only did the realism of the African location for this particular story appeal to Huston, but so did the end-of-the world feel: \"I come from a frontier background. My people were that. And I always feel constrained in the presence of too many rules, severe rules; they distress me. I like the sense of freedom. I don't particularly seek that ultimate freedom of the anarchist, but I'm impatient of rules that result from prejudice.\" Throughout his life, Huston took any excuse to light out for the territories. The god-forsaken Congo was the perfect place to make a film about how quickly the cheap paint of civilization can wear off the human psyche. For the rest of THE AFRICAN QUEEN cast and crew, it was a green hell. Spiegel had gone deeply in hock to make the film with the cast he wanted, and there was precious little left over for a huge location crew. For a time, Hepburn doubled as the wardrobe mistress. Missing from the African set were the squadrons of grips, gophers, and hangers-on common to a Hollywood shoot. In their place were bemused natives, lumber camp laborers, and the occasional colonial administrator. \"Nature,\" says Hepburn’s Rose Sayer in the film, \"is what we were put on earth to rise above.\" But THE AFRICAN QUEEN group kept most intimate company with nature for the long weeks on African location, close by the black water of the Riuki in the rainy season. The cast endured blood flukes, crocodiles, huge army ants, wild boars, elephant stampedes, malaria and dysentery. Poisonous snakes in the outhouses and bugs in the food added even more character to the steaming inferno, and Hepburn lost twenty pounds making the film. Sanitation was nonexistent, a particular horror for Hepburn, fastidious to a fault and a urologist’s daughter. Bogart and Huston took to consuming Homeric amounts of alcohol, as the jungle closed in about them. Bogart’s own self-reliance and confidence initially made him despise the chinless Charlie Allnut. But the weeks in the jungle worked a change on Bogart, as he sampled the destitute life of Charlie. As Huston said, \"All at",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which iconic car was designed by Alec Issigonsis?",
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"content": "The first ‘modern’ small car - designed by Alec Issigonis in 1959 and greeted with amazement by the public. Much smaller wheels than those previously seen and an overall utility look with sliding windows and a sash- pull for opening the doors did not deter the buyers who saw the mini as an accessible small car. Issigonis had already been instrumental in creating another long lasting design icon in the form of the Morris Minor – this design also became a cult and survived in production until 1971. It had been conceived in the late 1940s. This was the first British car design to sell one million units . By the end of production nearly 5.5 million minis had been sold making the design the most popular British model. Besides being a popular car with family and other motorists the design had also won the Monte Carlo rally three times. ( Mini- Cooper) In an international poll to find the most influential car designs ever – the mini was second to the legendary Model- T Ford. At the end of its production run in 2000 a newer variant appeared – the New Mini and so the innovative design lives on in a redeveloped form. Long gone now though are the cord- pull door handles, the bare interior parcel shelf and the sliding windows – all features of the original design and which very soon disappeared as the car gained a significant market share of the 1960s. That austerity look that kept the price of the car so much lower than other models and which brought motoring to a wide market are no longer features that draw customers in the car market. In 1967 Issigonis expanded the idea of the mini into a slightly larger design – the ‘Mini Metro’. This design finished its production run in 1998. With the engine mounted transversely a reduction in length was achieved which in a car designed for city travel – parking being a priority – was essential. Parking being rated a priority in the less populated roads of 1960 now seems vaguely amusing ! The car sold for around £350 at the time of its Design: Alec Issigonis – Manufacturer: British Motor Corp. © British Motor Industry Heritage Trust With such a popular car it is hardly surprising that some fans take their admiration to the extreme. A tattoo that depicts an early mini clearly shows an original fan. So now estimate the age of the woman whose picture is featured here ! It might perhaps be difficult for her to against the idea that it wasn’t the latest model that was used as a reference at the time ! The car certainly was revolutionary and discussion was common as to whether the wheels could withstand rotation speeds required –since they were so much smaller than those on more conventional cars of the period.",
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}
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trivia_qa_1505919
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Peter Pan what is the name of the Red Indian Princess rescued by Peter?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Indians | Disney Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [Source] The Indians are the characters in Peter Pan . They lived in the Indian Camp of Neverland . As their chief pointed out, for \"many moons\", they have been fighting the Lost Boys in innocent challenges, and the winners always turned the losers loose (sometimes the winners are the Indians; anytime else, it is the Lost Boys). Contents [ show ] Development Originally, the Indians were to have a somewhat larger role than now. In the first scene for Never Land, the Indians were to be involved in a chase including the Lost Boys and the Pirates. Later on, after Peter Pan rescued Tiger Lily, they became security guards for Hangmen Tree, Peter Pan's hideout and battle with the pirates during an ambush. Appearances Jake and the Never Land Pirates None of the Indians make an appearance but in the episode \" Basketballs Aweigh \", a basketball court built by the Indians was visited by Jake and his crew as well as Captain Hook. When first seen, vocalizations of the Indians were briefly heard. Racial stereotyping of Native Americans Although loved by families for decades, Peter Pan has been seen as politically incorrect in recent years due to the way Disney portrayed the Native American \"Indians\" in the film. They are stereotypical and considered by some to be offensive. They are displayed as wild, savage, violent and speak in a stereotypical way. The characters often call them savages and at one point Captain Hook refers to them as \"redskins\". John, Michael, and the Lost Boys go hunting them like animals (the Lost Boys mention tigers and bears as other alternatives). The \"What Made the Red Man Red?\" song is highly controversial because the Indians themselves are reflecting on how they got the color of skin; that Indian men maintain a permanent blush due to their constant pursuit of Indian women, and that asking \"How?\" is a major catalyst for Indian education. These stereotypes are present in J.M Barrie's play and many films of the time (mainly Westerns and cartoons). Marc Davis, one of the supervising animators of the film said in an interview years after the production that \"I'm not sure we would have done the Indians if we were making this movie now. And if we had we wouldn't do them the way we did back then.\" Gallery",
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}
] |
trivia_qa_1505920
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was the director of the 2012 James Bond film Skyfall?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Skyfall (2012) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error From $12.99 (SD) on Amazon Video ON TV ON DISC ALL Bond's loyalty to M is tested when her past comes back to haunt her. Whilst MI6 comes under attack, 007 must track down and destroy the threat, no matter how personal the cost. Director: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. Michael Fassbender in Trespass Against Us arrives on Blu-ray and DVD March 7 15 hours ago | WeAreMovieGeeks.com a list of 25 titles created 07 Jun 2012 a list of 32 titles created 12 May 2013 a list of 23 titles created 10 Dec 2014 a list of 26 titles created 29 Dec 2015 a list of 26 titles created 3 months ago Search for \" Skyfall \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Won 2 Oscars. Another 64 wins & 115 nominations. See more awards » Videos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8/10 X Armed with a licence to kill, Secret Agent James Bond sets out on his first mission as 007 and must defeat a weapons dealer in a high stakes game of poker at Casino Royale, but things are not what they seem. Director: Martin Campbell James Bond descends into mystery as he tries to stop a mysterious organization from eliminating a country's most valuable resource. All the while, he still tries to seek revenge over the death of his love. Director: Marc Forster 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6.8/10 X A cryptic message from Bond's past sends him on a trail to uncover a sinister organization. While M battles political forces to keep the secret service alive, Bond peels back the layers of deceit to reveal the terrible truth behind SPECTRE. Director: Sam Mendes James Bond teams up with the lone survivor of a destroyed Russian research center to stop the hijacking of a nuclear space weapon by a fellow agent formerly believed to be dead. Director: Martin Campbell The IMF is shut down when it's implicated in the bombing of the Kremlin, causing Ethan Hunt and his new team to go rogue to clear their organization's name. Director: Brad Bird An American agent, under false suspicion of disloyalty, must discover and expose the real spy without the help of his organization. Director: Brian De Palma Agent Ethan Hunt comes into conflict with a dangerous and sadistic arms dealer who threatens his life and his fianceé in response . Director: J.J. Abrams Ethan and team take on their most impossible mission yet, eradicating the Syndicate - an International rogue organization as highly skilled as they are, committed to destroying the IMF. Director: Christopher McQuarrie Investigating a gold magnate's smuggling, James Bond uncovers a plot to contaminate the Fort Knox gold reserve. Director: Guy Hamilton After being held captive in an Afghan cave, billionaire engineer Tony Stark creates a unique weaponized suit of armor to fight evil. Director: Jon Favreau A man is picked up by a fishing boat, bullet-riddled and suffering from amnesia, before racing to elude assassins and regain his memory. Director: Doug Liman Earth's mightiest heroes must come together and learn to fight as a team if they are to stop the mischievous Loki and his alien army from enslaving humanity. Director: Joss Whedon Edit Storyline When Bond's latest assignment goes gravely wrong and agents around the world are exposed, MI6 is attacked forcing M to relocate the agency. These events cause her authority and position to be challenged by Gareth Mallory (Ralph Fiennes), the new Chairman of the Intelligence and Security Committee. With MI6 now compromised from both inside and out, M is left with one",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505921
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which country are the headquarters of the clothing company 'H & M'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "H&M on the Forbes Global 2000 List #86 Innovative Companies (2015) Hennes & Mauritz AB engages in the sale of clothing, accessories, footwear, cosmetics, and home textiles. Its products include accessories, underwear, cosmetics, sportswear, and other apparels for men, women, and kids. It offers its brand through COS, Weekday, Cheap Monday, Monki, and H&M Home. The company was founded by Erling Persson in 1947 and is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505922
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The samba originated in which country?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "samba_history SAMBA HISTORY | Dancelovers Dance History Click on any DVD for more information! The history of Samba Samba, an old Brazilian style of dance with many variations, is African in origin. It has been performed as a street dance at carnival, the pre-Lenten celebration, for almost 100 years. Many versions of the Samba (from Baion to Marcha) are danced at the local carnival in Rio. The ballroom Samba or Carioca Samba is derived from the rural \"Rocking Samba\" and has been known for many years. (The Carioca is a small river that runs through Rio de Janiero - hence the name Carioca refers to the people of Rio.) Today Samba is still very popular in Rio. During carnival time there are \"schools of Samba\" involving thousands of elaborately-costumed dancers presenting a national theme based on music typical of Brazil and Rio in particular. Before 1914 it was known under a Brazilian name \"Maxixe\". As early as 1923 an international meeting of professors of dancing took note of the rise of the Samba's popularity, particularly in France. A French dance book published by Paul Boucher in 1928 included Samba instructions. The dance was introduced to United States movie audiences in 1933 when Fred Astaire and Dolores Del Rio danced the Carioca in Flying Down to Rio and several years later, Carmen Miranda danced the Samba in That Night in Rio. A Samba exhibition was given at the November 1938 meeting of the New York Society of Teachers of Dancing. General interest in the Samba was stimulated at the 1939 World's Fair in New York, where Samba music was played at the Brazilian Pavilion. A few years later the Brazilian composer Ary Barroso wrote the classic Samba, \"Brasil,\" which quickly became a hit, and in 1944 he went to Hollywood to write the score for the musical Brazil. Samba has a very specific rhythm, highlighted to its best by characteristic Brazilian musical instruments: originally called tamborim, chocalho, reco-reco and cabaca. Much of Samba music came from daily life in Rio, the first famous example being \"Pelo Telefone\" composed by Donga. To achieve the true character of the Samba a dancer must give it a happy, flirtatious and exuberant interpretation. Many figures, used in the Samba today, require a pelvic tilt (Samba tic) action. This action is difficult to accomplish, but without it the dance loses much of its effect. Principal characteristics of the Samba are the rapid steps taken on a quarter of a beat and the pronounced rocking motion and sway of the dancing couple. The Samba (also known as the Brazilian Waltz) is now a moderately popular ballroom dance, limited pretty much to experienced ballroom dancers because of its speed. Reprinted with permission of Ron & Rebecca Kellen & Bogie of the Mile High Ballroom of Prescott, AZ Learn About Your Favorite Dance Style's History",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
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