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trivia_qa_1505623
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; If Manhattan is the financial hub of New York, the area of Pudong is the similar equivalent for which city?",
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"content": "Pudong : Map (The Full Wiki) The Full Wiki Map showing all locations mentioned on Wikipedia article: Pudong ( ), officially known as Pudong New Area ( ), is a district of Shanghai , China that enjoys sub-provincial administrative status. It is named \"Pudong\" because of its location on the east side of the Huangpu river , on the opposite of Puxi , the west side. After its merger with Nanhui District (now defunct) in May 2009, the Pudong New Area comprises the majority of land in eastern Shanghai. Since the beginning of its development in 1990 when plans were first announced, Pudong has become a New Open Economic Development Zone, and has emerged as China's financial and commercial hub. Pudong is home to the Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone reflective of Shanghai and China's rapid economic development. Geography in the west and the East China Sea in the east. It has an area of 522.8 km² and a population of approximately 1.5 million people. Pudong is contrasted with Puxi , the older part of Shanghai on the west bank of the Huangpu River , which is divided into various administrative districts. As Pudong is a large district geographically, it may well be divided into smaller administrative districts in the future. Government Districts of the direct-controlled municipality of Shanghai are administratively on the same level as prefecture-level cities . However, the government of Pudong has a status equivalent to that of a sub-provincial city , which is half a level above a prefecture-level city. This is due to Pudong's size and importance as the financial hub of China. Population Since its inception as a special economic zone and China's financial centre, Pudong's population largely consists of migrants from the Puxi side of Shanghai, those from other regions in China, and increasingly, foreigners. Economy With the Nanhui District merger in May 2009, Pudong's new gross domestic product amounts to an estimated RMB370 billion (US$53.98 billion), roughly equal to that of Slovenia . Its GDP per capita is therefore around US$16,938. The area's aggregate GDP has now surpassed that of six provincial-level entities and is a figure that lies above most of the world's countries. The area is divided into four distinct economic districts. Apart from Lujiazui Trade and Finance Zone, there is Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, the largest free trade zone in mainland China covering approximately 10 km² in north-east Pudong. The Jinqiao Export Processing Zone is another major industrial area in Pudong covering 19 km². Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park is a special area for technology-oriented businesses, covering 17 km² in central Pudong. The newest Disney Theme Park is planned to be located in Pudong. Transportation Pudong International Airport opened its doors in 1999, the same year Shanghai Metro Line 2 commenced services between Puxi (west bank of the river) and Pudong. Line 2 terminates at Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , although expansion plans bring the line even further east to Pudong International Airport. A magnetic levitation train began operating in 2004, moving passengers between the airport and Longyang Road Metro station. The Metro's Line 4 Loop and Line 6 also began operation in Pudong in 2007. Metro Lines 7 , 8 and 9 will also have parts in Pudong before the start of Expo 2010. Ships on the Huangpu River with Pudong in view Pudong is connected to Puxi by several tunnels and four major bridges . The first of these bridges were the Nanpu Bridge (1991) and the Yangpu Bridge (1993). The Xupu Bridge opened in 1996. The latest of these is Lupu Bridge , which is the world's longest arch bridge and was completed in 2002. Currently there are five tunnels that link the two sides, Dapu Rd. Tunnel, the first tunnel across the Huangpu River, Yan'an Rd. Tunnel, running east-west, and Dalian Rd. Tunnel, running north-south, Fuxing Rd. Tunnel, complementing the Yan'an Rd. Tunnel, Waihuan Tunnel, one part of Shanghai Outer Ring Express. Two new tunnels linking Lujiazui to Puxi are under construction. Roads in Pudong have no particular longitudinal or latitudinal ori",
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trivia_qa_1505624
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Tiradentes Day is celebrated in Brazil during which month of the year?",
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"content": "Tiradentes Day | Brazilian Public Holiday | Office Holidays When is Tiradentes Day? This national holiday is celebrated annually on 21st April. Tiradentes Day in Brazil commemorates the execution of Brazilian national hero Joaquim Jose da Silva Xavier (16 August, 1746 - 21 April 1792). History of Tiradentes Day Xavier was a Brazilian revolutionary who, as a founder of the Inconfidência Mineira movement, fought for Brazilian independence and freedom from Portuguese colonial power. At the time, Portugal was imposing onerous tax burdens on the Brazilians, as they tried to maintain income from the colony despite declining levels of gold being mined. Tiradentes hatched a plan to take to the streets and declare independence on a day when taxes were due. The plan was betrayed and the rebels were arrested in February 1789. During the subsequent trail, Tiradentes took full responsibility for the insurrection plot and executed by hanging on 21 April 1792. His body was quartered and his head displayed as a warning to other revolutionaries. Xavier was a dentist by trade. This holiday gets its name from \"tiradentes\" meaning \"tooth-puller\", which was a nickname adopted during his trial. His martyrdom led to Tiradentes becoming considered a national hero by the republicans of the 19th century, and his liberal ideas continued to influence Brazilian thinking until its independence, nearly 100 years after his death, in 1882. The anniversary of his death (21st April) became a national holiday, after the republic was proclaimed in 1889. Translate this page About Us Office Holidays provides calendars with dates and information on public holidays and bank holidays in key countries around the world. A valuable resource for planning meetings, increasing diversity awareness and general reference.",
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trivia_qa_1505625
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Burr Point is the easternmost point of which country?",
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{
"content": "【burr_point】什么意思_英语burr_point的翻译_音标_读音_用法_例句_在线翻译_有道词典 diamond point burr 金刚石尖点纹 Burr Point Burr Point (from Irish: Bior, meaning 'point') is the easternmost point of mainland Northern Ireland, and the easternmost point of mainland Ireland. It is located in the townland of Ballyhalbert on the Ards Peninsula in County Down, at longitude 5. Everyone knows how Mythical National Championships are the burr under my saddle, and I just can't let well enough alone, especially when I have a point to make. 每个人都知道如何神话般的全国锦标赛是毛刺根据我的马鞍，我只是不能让做得不够好，就有特别是当我有一个意见。",
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trivia_qa_1505626
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What are usually found in an aquarium?",
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"content": "Aquarium Fish Diseases and How to Spot Them | Tetra Aquarium Gasping at the water’s surface. Cause: Usually attacks fish that are stressed, which can be caused by factors including rapid temperature and pH fluctuations. Treatment: Tetra Lifeguard ® Remove filter carbon and turn off UV sterilizer. Add one tablet per day to each 5 gallons of water. Treat for 5 consecutive days. Repeat until symptoms clear. Secondary infections are also common and can be treated with antibiotics or general cures like Tetra Ick Guard ® or Tetra Fungus Guard ®. Consistent temperature and good water quality will help prevent infections, in addition to using aquarium salt. RAGGED TAIL FIN A progressive deterioration of the tail and/or fins. Fins become frayed or their color may fade. Cause: A bacterial infection may cause this tail and fin rot in susceptible fish—those who are bullied or injured by fin-nipping tank mates—especially in aquariums with poor conditions. Treatment: Tetra Lifeguard ® Remove filter carbon and turn off UV sterilizer. Add one tablet per day to each 5 gallons of water. Treat for 5 consecutive days. Repeat until symptoms clear. If the clamped fins are the result of infections, a multipurpose treatment like Tetra Fungus Guard ® is the first line of treatment. Good practice of adding 1 tbs. aquarium salt per gallon will help prevent clamped fins. TAIL, FIN, AND MOUTH ROT Physical/Behavioral Signs or Symptoms: A progressive deterioration of the tail and/or fins. Fins become frayed or their color may fade. Cause: A bacterial infection may cause tail, fin and mouth rot in susceptible fish—those who are bullied or injured by fin-nipping tank mates—especially in aquariums with poor conditions. Treatment: Tetra Lifeguard ® Remove filter carbon and turn off UV sterilizer. Add one tablet per day to each 5 gallons of water. Treat for 5 consecutive days. Repeat until symptoms clear. If the clamped fins are the result of infections, a multipurpose treatment like Tetra Fungus Guard ® is the first line of treatment. Good practice of adding 1 tbs. aquarium salt per gallon will help prevent clamped fins. Note: Always remove activated carbon before administering any treatments. FUNGUS Physical/Behavioral Signs or Symptoms: Initially, you’ll notice a gray or whitish growth in and on the skin and/or fins. Untreated fungus resembles a cottony growth. Eventually, as fungus continues to eat away at the fish’s body, the fish will die. Cause: Fish who develop fungus are already in a vulnerable state, the result of other serious health problems or attacks, such as parasites, a physical injury or a bacterial infection. Treatment: Tetra Lifeguard ® Remove filter carbon and turn off UV sterilizer. Add one tablet per day to each 5 gallons of water. Treat for 5 consecutive days. Repeat until symptoms clear.Many bacterial infections are misdiagnosed as fungal, so common medications include both a fungicide and antibiotics. Tetra Fungus Guard ® contains malachite green and formalin; treat one tablet per 10 gallons once every 4 days until symptoms are gone. Remove activated carbon and conduct partial water changes in between treatments. CLAMPED FIN Fins are folded against the body and not fanned out as they should be. Listless behavior. Cause: Not indicative of one specific disease. Can be a reflection of various problems, including bad water quality and/or parasites. Important to first determine the specific problem in order to treat fish properly. Treatment: Test the aquarium water to review overall quality and conduct a partial water change to ensure healthy conditions. If the illness is the result of infections, a multipurpose antibiotic like Tetra Lifeguard ® is the first lines of treatment. is the first line of treatment. Good practice of adding 1 tbs. aquarium salt per gallon will help prevent clamped fin. Note: Always remove activated carbon before administering any treatments. DROPSY Protruding scales. Cause: A bacterial infection of the kidneys, which causes fluid accumulation or renal failure. It appears to create problems only in we",
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trivia_qa_1505627
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Elizabeth Taylor, Farrah Fawcett and Cheryl Ladd all advertised which brand of shampoo?",
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{
"content": "Jaclyn Smith - First thoughts about Jaclyn Smith Jacquelyn Ellen Jaclyn Smith (born October 26, 1945) is an American actress and businesswoman. She is best-known as Kelly Garrett in the iconic television series Charlie's Angels, and was the only original female lead to remain with the series for its complete run (1976â81). Write here your first thoughts about Jaclyn Smith ... 21 Dec 2016 01:12 I just added this to my closet on Poshmark: Jaclyn Smith Coat. via 20 Dec 2016 23:24 I get better roles in television. I'm not going to do a lesser role ... 20 Dec 2016 22:57 Jaclyn Smith is one fabulous actress and role model woman 20 Dec 2016 20:35 new Jaclyn Smith edgy black studded batwing top blouse med ladies wear career via 20 Dec 2016 19:39 I love Jaclyn Smith, in fact we share a bday! Happy Holidays! 20 Dec 2016 14:45 to win Becca x Jaclyn Hill Champagne Collection Face Palette⨠(must be following me, & t⦠20 Dec 2016 02:01 After having children, life becomes about living beyond yourself; about being bigger and better. -Jaclyn Smith 20 Dec 2016 01:11 Is Jaclyn Smith karate chopping Moe from the Three Stooges? 19 Dec 2016 23:38 Oddly, Jackie O modeled the pose for the artist, not Jaclyn Smith. 16 Dec 2016 11:20 Steve, do you have events to remember about Kate Jackson , Farrah Fawcett , Jaclyn Smith, Shelley Hack & Tanya Roberts ? 07 Dec 2016 22:42 Fun fact: the final JACKIE scene and retro montage to \"Camelot\" same as the 1981 TV movie starring Jaclyn Smith 25 Nov 2016 23:15 Kmart's as much a part of my history as 'Charlie's Angels.' Twenty-f... 25 Nov 2016 21:20 I got to wake up Jaclyn Smith daily at 4:30am during filming ... Night clerk at hotel in Williamsburg 25 Nov 2016 18:30 Cancer stops you in your tracks. It really makes you think about what's... 25 Nov 2016 14:02 \"I've always been into older homes, even if I have to refurbish or remodel or raise roof lines or knock out walls.\"-Jaclyn Smith 25 Nov 2016 00:01 Success is carved out of a hard tree. It doesn't just happen. It's people who stick to it that succeed-Jaclyn Smith 31 Oct 2016 21:32 Chemotherapy isn't easy. I felt very fortunate I wouldn't have to go th... 31 Oct 2016 18:35 Hmm, is the third one any relation to JACLYN Smith? :) 31 Oct 2016 18:24 Jaclyn Smith my god, she is cute :P 31 Oct 2016 14:52 I don't even think my children are aware of what I've done. When somebo... 31 Oct 2016 00:17 Don't believe Pat Smith, Wikileaks, Project Veritas or FBI? Really Hillary? Just take your word for it? Your word means not⦠30 Oct 2016 18:10 If you destroy Trump's Hollywood star and get 3 years then what would you get for destroying Jaclyn Smith's star? 20 years? 30 Oct 2016 18:05 I inherited some Chanel pieces from my mother. I've worn Prada - absolu... 30 Oct 2016 13:31 Jaclyn Smith Themed Trim, Ornamentation and Decor at Kmart - 25% off Jaclyn Smith ... 30 Oct 2016 08:02 Time whizzes by when you have children. They make you aware of the pass... 30 Oct 2016 07:48 My first acting job was a Breck commercial. 30 Oct 2016 06:05 I'm an old-fashioned girl, and I didn't believe in living with people, ... 30 Oct 2016 05:10 Family is always first. Even though my kids are older - my son is 25 an... 29 Oct 2016 15:58 38 years ago today, October 29, 1978 - The Wedding of Jaclyn Smith and Dennis Cole . Smith an actress best known... 04 Oct 2016 10:05 Farrah Fawcett , Jaclyn Smith and Kate Jackson and it came on at 7 pm on Wed nights. Just saying... 04 Oct 2016 07:20 Read my review of 'Rules of the Game' on yet? A must-read for those in construction industry! https⦠04 Oct 2016 07:04 Jaclyn Smith running for Ward 4 Board of Education seat. 03 Oct 2016 20:35 LOL Funny so did me and my brother..Like you, I was for Farrah but Jaclyn Smith is STUNNING, Even today! 03 Oct 2016 20:24 my brother and I always argued he was Jaclyn Smith I adored Farah Fawcett 03 Oct 2016 05:20 We're traditional and don't do cutting-edge styles, but after 17 y",
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trivia_qa_1505628
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Spoon Curve, Casio Triangle and Dunlop Curve are all sections of the Formula One Grand Prix circuit in which country?",
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{
"content": "Every Little Boy's Scalextric: Japanese Grand Prix — The Austin Grand Prix Every Little Boy's Scalextric: Japanese Grand Prix September 30, 2012 by Iain Robertson Suzuka Circuit, 2011 (image courtesy of Mercedes GP) The rivalry between two of Japan’s leading carmakers, Toyota and Honda, is renowned, states Iain Robertson. Both are world players. Both have, at times, lead the new car sales charts in North America. Both are serious employers and manufacturers possessing important North American plants. Interestingly, both have experienced varying degrees of success in Formula One, although only Honda can lay claim to greater ‘ownership’ than its key competitor and the fact that it is the Honda Test Track at Suzuka, which plays host, solely, to the annual Japanese GP. // Every Little Boy's Scalextric The great invention of Freddie Francis, a British toy innovator of the 1950s, was a guided track-based model car racing system. Initially produced from pressed tin-plate, with wind-up clockwork motors, the racing cars and their rubberised track were marketed as ‘Scalex’. Of course, it was essentially a simple system running on a limited number of track sections that clipped together to produce an oval circuit. Yet, within a couple of years, Francis had harnessed electricity, running through a step-down transformer, which would introduce power to the in-track guides, now set into plastic moulded sections. The electric motors built into the plastic 1/32-scale cars were tiny and unsophisticated but the system had legs and the demand grew, even though it was far from inexpensive, even in its early days. Strangely, it always managed to bridge a gap between being a toy for children, yet something that older people (parents, usually the male of the house) wanted to play with. The new electrified product was called ‘Scalextric’. Through various ownership transformations, usually as a result of demand outstripping supply potential, Scalextric survived and it remains one of the most popular of track-based racing systems. One of the earliest, most popular and least costly toy track layouts was a ‘figure-of-eight’, which coincidentally is the primary layout of Suzuka Circuit, the only racing circuit in the modern F1 calendar possessing a crossover element. Scalextric has been used to recreate model circuit layouts worldwide for many years now. Technology has advanced its development to such a level that racing on the plastic tracks can be exceptionally realistic and innumerable slot-racing clubs exist around the world. Even the wide range of cars is now digitised, can be tuned and gain various tyre compounds to enhance the traction, just like the real thing. Sadly, the original Scalextric USA shop in Tacoma, Washington, was closed in 2007. However, another shop front in Auburn, Washington, is now the North American showcase for Scalextric slot cars, tracks and accessories, of which there are many. // ORIENTAL ENTHUSIASM While motor racing fans worldwide can be exceptionally ardent, demonstrating their enthusiastic support for drivers, teams and the entire circus in various ways, the Formula One lot are almost as ‘prestigious’ as the sport of Grand Prix racing itself. They will deign to show up at lesser formulae meetings but their true fascination is directed at F1 predominantly. In Japan, they assume a level of racked-up support that verges on hysteria. If you had always believed that the Italian ‘tifosi’ were the ultimate supporters, sleeping, eating and working hard to enjoy their vocal and physical hyperactivity, then you would scarcely be able to comprehend the fanaticism that exists in Japan. While a degree of partisan support has always been reserved for Japanese racing stars over the years, were Messrs Hamilton, Vettel, Raikkonen, Alonso and the rest to wander along Japanese streets unaccompanied, they would soon be surrounded, nay, swamped by ever-so-polite Japanese people of all ages and all social backgrounds, bowing deferentially, requesting autographs respectfully and wanting to be touched simply, by these gods of the circuit",
"role": "assistant"
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trivia_qa_1505629
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which author, whose books included 'A Song of Stone', 'Espedair Street' and 'Whit', died in 2013?",
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},
{
"content": "Iain Banks - Telegraph Books Obituaries Iain Banks Iain Banks, who has died aged 59, was a novelist who achieved popularity and critical success in two separate fields: literary fiction, for which he appeared on the first Granta list of young writers beside the likes of Martin Amis, Salman Rushdie and AN Wilson; and, as Iain M Banks, science fiction, much of it set in an interstellar anarcho-communist utopia called The Culture. Iain Banks, born February 16 1954, died June 9 2013 Photo: Chris Watt 6:00PM BST 09 Jun 2013 Banks came rather to regret this demarcation of his novels, and in truth the distinction was not always straightforward. The grotesque and bizarre were often to the fore in his mainstream books, to the point that it was not always obvious into which category they fell. Indeed, 2009’s Transition was published in Britain as an Iain Banks novel, but under his science fiction byline — with its initial M — in America. His best-known book probably remained the first he published. The Wasp Factory brought Banks immediate notoriety. Even before its appearance, one publisher claimed that the book had made him vomit into his waste paper basket. It had a similarly emetic effect on many reviewers: “a repulsive piece of work”; “silly, gloatingly sadistic”; “a work of unparalleled depravity” were among the judgments of the newspapers. Many, though, also conceded the hallucinatory brilliance of the author’s imagination, and there was widespread acknowledgement that Banks’ control of tone and language were more assured than that of many established novelists. Iain Banks was born on February 16 1954 at Dunfermline in Fife and spent his early years in North Queensferry. His father Tom worked for the Admiralty “getting crashed jets out the water”, and his mother Effie, who had been a professional ice skater in a touring review, met her husband while teaching skating at Dunfermline’s ice rink. Though an only child, Iain had a close-knit and large extended family; their name had originally been Banks Menzies, but Iain’s paternal grandfather, a miner and trade union activist, had reversed the surnames after drawing the attention of the police during the General Strike of 1926. Although registered at birth as plain Iain Banks, he used Menzies as his middle name from childhood. The decision to add “M” for his first science fiction book, Consider Phlebas (the fourth of his novels), was prompted by the disapproval of his uncles and cousins when the initial had been dropped from his previous books — after an editor raised the remarkably unlikely prospect of confusion with Rosie M Banks, the fictional author of slushy romantic novels in PG Wodehouse’s stories. When Iain was nine, his father was posted to the west coast of Scotland, and the family moved from their home near the Forth Bridge. The boy’s principal childhood interests were television, reading science fiction, and producing homemade explosives from sugar and weedkiller. After Greenock High School, Iain went to the University of Stirling, where he took courses in English, Psychology and Philosophy. Related Articles Iain Banks updates fans on cancer treatment 21 May 2013 His father was, he recalled, fairly supportive of his resolve to become a novelist, though his mother hoped he might train as a teacher to have “something to fall back on”. Instead, after graduating, Banks hitch-hiked around Europe, and then took a series of jobs, working for almost a decade (some of it in the south of England) as a dustman, a hospital porter and a clerk, with stints at IBM and British Steel, while steadily devoting himself to his writing. Until his first book appeared, he plastered the walls of his room with rejection slips. His parents became more relaxed about the security of his career, he observed, only after he had bought them a house next door to his own. After the success of The Wasp Factory in 1984, Banks produced a steady series of books, all of which found a sizeable audience and, for the most part, an appreciative critical response. The excesses of his début, which",
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trivia_qa_1505630
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The malleus, incus, and stapes (the hammer, the anvil, and the stirrup) are the three smallest bones in the human body, how are they collectively known?",
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{
"content": "How do the hammer, anvil and stirrup bones amplify sound into the inner ear? - Scientific American Scientific American How do the hammer, anvil and stirrup bones amplify sound into the inner ear? Share on Facebook Advertisement | Report Ad Douglas E. Vetter, Assistant Professor of Neuroscience at the Tufts University Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, sounds out an answer to this query. The hammer, anvil and stirrup—also known as the malleus, incus, and stapes, respectively, and collectively, as \"middle ear ossicles\"—are the smallest bones in the human body. Found in the middle ear, they are a part of the auditory system between the eardrum and the cochlea (the spiral-shaped conduit housing hair cells that are involved in transmitting sound to the brain). To understand the role of these bones in hearing requires an understanding of levers. This is because the middle ear ossicles are arranged and interact with each other as a lever system. All levers generate a mechanical advantage. They are used to exert a large force over a small distance at one end of the lever by applying a smaller force over a longer distance at the opposite end. The leveraging capabilities of the middle ear ossicles are needed to generate the large forces that allow us to hear. As terrestrial animals, we live in a gaseous environment. But, our inner ear is filled with fluid, and this represents a problem. As an example, most people have first hand knowledge of hearing underwater. If someone screams at you from above the water's surface, the sounds are tremendously muted, making it difficult to understand or even hear at all. That is simply because most of the sound is reflected off the water's surface. So how do we take in airborne sounds, which are simply vibrations of the air molecules, and get them past the air-fluid interface between our ear canal and the inner ear? We need a system to use those air vibrations to push against the surface of the inner ear fluid. When the eardrum vibrates as sound hits its surface, it sets the ossicles into motion. The ossicles are arranged in a special order to perform their job. Directly behind and connected to the eardrum—which is essentially, a large collector of sound—is the hammer. The hammer is arranged so that one end is attached to the eardrum, while the other end forms a lever-like hinge with the anvil. The opposite end of the anvil is fused with the stirrup (so anvil and stirrup act as one bone). The stirrup then connects with a special opening in the cochlea called the \"oval window.\" The footplate of the stirrup—the oval, flat part of the bone that resembles the part where one would rest ones foot in an actual stirrup—is loosely attached to the oval window of the cochlea, allowing it to move in and out like a piston. The piston-like action generates vibrations in the fluid-filled inner ear that are used to signal the brain of a sound event. Without the middle ear ossicles, only about 0.1 percent of sound energy would make it into the inner ear. Overcoming the problem of getting airborne sound into the fluid-filled inner ear is solved by two main mechanisms: the concentration of energy from the large eardrum onto the small stirrup footplate situated in the oval window; and the lever-like action between the hammer and the anvil-stirrup complex. In cats, for example, the simple concentration of forces from the eardrum to the stirrup increases pressure at the oval window to about 35 times what is measured at the eardrum. The lever action of the middle ear bones imparts a further mechanical advantage to the system—occurring because the anvil is shorter than the hammer—and further increases pressure by roughly 35 percent. In this way we overcome the problem of getting airborne vibrations into the pressurized, fluid-filled inner ear. Not all animals have this same middle ear bone configuration. In fact, reptiles, amphibians and birds, have a middle ear that contains just one bone, called the columella, which connects the eardrum directly to the oval window of the cochlea. When we examine the most sensitiv",
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trivia_qa_1505631
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Latvian was principal dancer with the American Ballet Theater in the 70s returning later as director?",
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{
"content": "American Ballet Theatre | Les Balletonautes La Belle au bois dormant d’ABT : l’historique, le traditionnel ou l’authentique ? The Sleeping Beauty (Tchaîkovsky, Ratmansky d’après Petipa dans la notation Stepanov, American Ballet Theatre. Opéra Bastille les 4, 6, 7 et 10 septembre, matinée. Demandant à ce dilettante de James son avis sur la « reconstitution » Ratmansky de la Belle au Bois dormant présenté par ABT, j’ai obtenu cette réponse : « Je ne suis ni pour ni contre les reconstitutions chorégraphiques, pourvu que mon plaisir de spectateur soit contenté (chez les Balletonautes, les rôles sont strictement assignés, et aucune fée penchée sur mon berceau ne m’a donné l’érudition en partage). L’archéologie technique me laisse aussi assez froid : danser comme on faisait en 1890, sachant que la technique a évolué, m’intéresse aussi peu que d’écouter sur de vieilles cires Lillian Nordica chanter Wagner au Met en 1903. » Pour être à l’emporte-pièce, cette déclaration sur la reconstitution n’est pourtant pas loin d’être la mienne. Mais comme il paraît que j’ai reçu « le don de l’érudition », je vais m’exprimer beaucoup plus longuement. Pour les œuvres musicales, mais particulièrement les œuvres chorégraphiques, qui n’ont longtemps survécu que par la transmission orale de leurs interprètes sans même le concours de vieilles cires, une subtile distinction doit être faite entre ce qui est « historique » (ou archéologique) et ce qui est « traditionnel » (ce que, de manière consensuelle, on trouvera dans à peu près toutes les productions d’une œuvre classique) avant même de se poser la question de ce qui est authentique. Une production? Bakst, 1921. Rideau d’intermède d’après Léon Bakst L’élément qui semble le plus simple à reconstituer dans un ballet lorsqu’on veut se frotter à l’archéo-chorégraphie est la production. Pour la Belle au Bois dormant, cette option a déjà été tentée moult fois depuis la création du ballet en 1890. La première fois, en 1921, le succès esthétique avait été complet. Il s’agissait de la production « traditionnelle » des Ballets russes de Serge de Diaghilev. C’est à cette version, et non à celle de 1890, que la production Ratmansky fait référence. Le chorégraphe a demandé à son décorateur d’évoquer la splendeur des décors et des costumes de Léon Bakst. C’était mettre la barre un peu haut et c’est dommage. Car sans cette référence écrasante, la production américaine, qui se laisse globalement regarder, aurait évité certains écueils. Pour faire ressurgir la magie d’une production, il faut nécessairement l’adapter voire la transposer. Reproduire des toiles peintes à l’identique et les inonder de lumière crue ne sert à rien qu’à donner du ballet un aspect vieillot. Pour les costumes, c’est encore pire. Les étoffes d’autrefois, plus épaisses et pesantes, étaient brodées à la main. Elles étaient souvent superbes à voir de près mais pouvaient manquer de relief de loin. Pour leur en donner, Léon Bakst avait par exemple choisi des options chromatiques souvent osées. Les matériaux modernes, requis par les exigences techniques de la danse actuelle, sont beaucoup plus légers. Remplacer deux lais de tissus de couleurs différentes cousus ensemble par de la peinture ou surcharger un léger costume de motifs surimposés n’est jamais d’un bon effet. Sans tomber dans certains excès « acétate » d’une autre reconstruction de la Belle, celle du Marinsky, cette présente mouture n’évite donc pas toujours le croquignolet ou le ridicule. Il y a par exemple un pauvre hère, cavalier d’une des fées du prologue, qui est affublé d’une grenouillère rose à volants dont il doit cauchemarder la nuit. Les atours des fées, qui cherchent à reproduire les tutus courts en tulipe mouillée des années 20 (qu’on faisait ainsi tombants parce, non lavables, ils duraient plus longtemps que les plateaux) ne sont pas toujours du meilleur effet. Celui de la fée violente, surchargé de motifs criards qui ressemblent de loin à des cocottes en papier, donne l’impression que cette dernière a volé la coquette nuisette de sa maman pour jouer à la princesse. Lorsqu",
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trivia_qa_1505632
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Structures called yakhchals in Persia may be called the ancient versions of what modern contraption?",
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"content": "History and Making of Ice Cream | Information Center History and Making of Ice Cream History and Making of Ice Cream History and Making of Ice cream From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ice cream is a frozen dessert made from dairy products , such as cream (or substituted ingredients), combined with flavorings and sweeteners , such as sugar. This mixture is stirred slowly while cooling to prevent large ice crystals from forming. This results a smooth textured ice cream. Although the term \"ice cream\" is sometimes used to mean frozen desserts and snacks in general, it is usually reserved for frozen desserts and snacks made with a high percentage of milk fat . Frozen custard , yoghurt , sorbet and other similar products are sometimes also called ice cream. Governments often regulate the use of these terms based on quantities of ingredients. Ice cream is generally served as a chilled product. It may also be found in dishes where the coldness of the ice cream is used as a temperature contrast, for example, as a topping on warm desserts, or even in fried ice cream . Some commercial institutions such as creameries specialize in serving ice cream and products that are related. Modern industrially produced ice cream is made from a mixture of ingredients: Minimum of 10% milk fat 9-12% milk solids: this component, also known as the serum solids, contains the proteins ( caseins and whey proteins ) and carbohydrates ( lactose ) found in milk 12-16% sweeteners: usually a combination of sucrose and/or glucose-based corn syrup sweeteners 0.2-0.5% stabilizers and emulsifiers , e.g. agar or carrageenan extracted from seaweed 55%-64% water which comes from milk solids or other ingredients These ingredients, along with air incorporated during the stirring process, make up ice cream. Generally, less expensive ice creams contain lower-quality ingredients (for example, vanilla bean may be replaced by artificial vanillin ), and more air is incorporated, sometimes as much as 50% of the final volume. Artisan-produced ice creams often contain very little air, although some is necessary to produce the characteristic creamy texture of the product. Generally speaking, the finest ice creams have between 3% and 15% air. Because most ice cream is sold by volume, it is economically advantageous for producers to reduce the density of the product in order to cut costs. Ice cream has also been hand-packed and sold by weight. The use of stabilizers rather than cream and the incorporation of air also decrease the fat and energy content of less expensive ice creams, making them more appealing to those on diets . Ice creams come in a wide variety of flavors, often with additives such as chocolate flakes or chips, nuts , fruit , and small candies /sweets. Some of the most popular ice cream flavors are vanilla , chocolate , strawberry , and Neapolitan (a combination of the three). Many people also enjoy ice cream sundaes , which often have ice cream, hot fudge , nuts, whipped cream , cherries or a variety of other toppings. Other toppings include cookie crumbs, butterscotch , sprinkles , banana sauce , marshmallows or different varieties of candy. Production Before the development of modern refrigeration, ice cream was a luxury item reserved for special occasions. Making ice cream was quite laborious. Ice was cut commercially from lakes and ponds during the winter and stored in large heaps in holes in the ground or in wood-frame ice houses, insulated by straw. Ice cream was made by hand in a large bowl surrounded by packed ice and salt. The temperature of the ingredients was reduced by the mixture of crushed ice and salt . The salt water was cooled by the ice, and the action of the salt on the ice causes it to (partially) melt, absorbing latent heat bringing the mixture below the freezing point of pure water . The immersed container can also make better thermal contact with the salty water and ice mixture than it could with ice alone. The hand-cranked churn, which still used ice and salt for cooling, was invented by an American named Nancy J",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which poet, who died during World War One, wrote the poems 'Peace' and 'Tiare Tahiti'?",
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"content": "Brief biographies of 25 poets of the First World War, THE WAR POETRY WEB SITE RUPERT CHAWNER BROOKE , 1887-1915. Georgian poet. Born at Rugby. Educated at Rugby School and King's College, Cambridge. He was an atheist and active Socialist. He was a friend of Edward Marsh and worked with him to prepare and promote the first Georgian Anthology of poetry. After travelling in Germany, and, following his nervous breakdown he went on a long tour to recuperate, taking in the USA, Canada, Honolulu, Samoa, Fiji, New Zealand, and Tahiti. After hesitation about what course of action to take at the start of the First World War he joined the navy. He was a witness at the siege of Antwerp before writing his famous set of five sonnets called 1914. Though he had seen the devastation and suffering created by the war he kept it all at an emotional distance from himself, denying the realities of war. He had a deeply confused personality - given to both ecstatic enthusiasm and suicidal doubt. Following a mosquito bite he died of acute blood poisoning on board ship on his way to Gallipoli, and was buried on the Greek Island of Skyros. Minds at War and Out in the Dark contain all five of Brooke's 1914 war sonnets, plus his sombre and realistic last poem, Soon to Die. Minds at War contains a further thirteen and a half pages of discussion of Brooke's ideas, and extracts from his letters which reveal something of the way his mind worked, and the origins of some of the ideas in his sonnets. There are five pages of information about Brooke, and extracts from his letters in Out in the Dark. ELEANOR FARJEON, 1881-1965. Born in London. Well known as an author of children's stories. She was a close personal friend of Helen and Edward Thomas in the last few years of his life. She loved Edward, but knew that expressing her feelings to him would mean the immediate end of their friendship. They often visited each other and went on long country walks together. She typed his poems for him and submitted them, on his behalf, under the pseudonym of Edward Eastaway, to various publications. Helen was aware of Eleanor's feelings towards Edward and was perfectly content with the situation, believing that it might help to make Edward a little happier. There are two of her poems in Minds at War and one in Out in the Dark. The poem that is common to both books is \"Now that you, too\" which is a moving poem about saying goodbye to Edward Thomas for the last time. JULIAN GRENFELL , 1888-1915. Educated at Eton, and Balliol College, Oxford. He joined the army in 1910. He seemed to take a psychopathic joy in killing people. His poem Into Battle is said to be the most anthologised poem of the First World War. He died of wounds on 30th April, 1915, a few days after sending his poem to The Times. Into Battle appears in both Minds at War and Out in the Dark. IVOR GURNEY , 1890-1937. Born in Gloucester. Educated at King's School Gloucester and the Royal College of Music. He wrote poetry and music from before the war. He volunteered to fight and was initially turned down because of his poor eyesight. He was gassed and wounded and returned to Britain. Mental illness developed. He was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic in 1922. He was committed to mental hospital where he continued to write poetry and compose - sometimes believing that he was still taking part in the war. He died of tuberculosis. Three of his poems appear in Minds at War and two in Out in the Dark. RUDYARD KIPLING , 1865-1936. Born in Bombay. As a small child he was sent to England (Southsea)",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Paul Galdone illustrated a series of children's books written by Eve Titus about a mouse called what?",
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"content": "Paul Galdone (Author of The Three Billy Goats Gruff) edit data Paul Galdone (1907 - November 7, 1986) was a children's literature author and illustrator. He was born in Budapest and he emigrated to the United States in 1921. He studied art at the Art Student's League and New York School for Industrial Design. He served for the US Army during world War II. He illustrated nearly all of Eve Titus' books including, Basil of Baker Street series which was translated to the screen in the animated Disney film, The Great Mouse Detective. Galdone and Titus were nominated for Caldecott Medals for Anatole (1957) and Anatole and the Cat (1958). The titles were later named Caldecott Honor books in 1971. He died of a heart attack in Nyack, New York. He was posthumously awarded the 1996 Kerlan Award for his contribution Paul Galdone (1907 - November 7, 1986) was a children's literature author and illustrator. He was born in Budapest and he emigrated to the United States in 1921. He studied art at the Art Student's League and New York School for Industrial Design. He served for the US Army during world War II. He illustrated nearly all of Eve Titus' books including, Basil of Baker Street series which was translated to the screen in the animated Disney film, The Great Mouse Detective. Galdone and Titus were nominated for Caldecott Medals for Anatole (1957) and Anatole and the Cat (1958). The titles were later named Caldecott Honor books in 1971. He died of a heart attack in Nyack, New York. He was posthumously awarded the 1996 Kerlan Award for his contribution to children's literature. His retellings of classic tales like The Little Red Hen or Three Billy Goats Gruff have become staples. ...more",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which company makes the Sea King helicopter?",
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"content": "Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King Share Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. \"SH-3\" redirects here. For other uses, see SH3 (disambiguation) . SH-3 Sea King US Navy SH-3H Sea King helicopters Role Retired by United States Navy in 2006 Status Westland Sea King The Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King (company designation S-61) is an American twin-engined anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopter designed and built by Sikorsky Aircraft. It was a landmark design, being the first ASW helicopter to take advantage of turboshaft engines, as well as being the first amphibious helicopter in the world. [2] Introduced in 1961, it served with the United States Navy , and remains in service in many countries around the world. The Sea King has been built under license in Italy and Japan, and in the United Kingdom as the Westland Sea King . The major civil versions are the S-61L and S-61N . Contents Edit As the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union developed, the Soviet Navy had elected to construct a large fleet of over 200 submarines, the US Navy chose to counter this threat by investing in newer and increasingly capable ASW technologies and platforms such as the Sea King. [3] In 1957, Sikorsky was awarded a contract to develop an all-weather amphibious helicopter for the U.S. Navy. The new helicopter would excel at anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and would combine the roles of hunter and killer, previously these had to be performed by two separate helicopters. [4] The key features of the emerging ASW helicopter would include its amphibious hull for landing on the water, and its twin-turboshaft engines that enabled a larger, heavier and better-equipped aircraft than prior helicopters. [4] [5] SH-3As of HS-6 above USS Kearsarge in the early 1960s The first prototype took flight for the first time in March 1959. [4] Carrier suitability trials were conducted on board the USS Lake Champlain ; the trials were completed successfully in mid-1961. [6] Production deliveries of the HSS-2 (later designated SH-3A) to the US Navy began in September 1961, these initial production aircraft were each powered by a pair of General Electric T58 turboshaft engines. [7] Sikorsky also developed a variant of the Sea King for the civil market, designated Sikorsky S-61L . The first operator of the S-61L was Los Angeles Airways , who introduced them to service on 11 March 1962. [8] [9] Another variant with a conventional hull, the Sikorsky S-61R , was also concurrently developed for transport and search and rescue (SAR) duties, this type was extensively operated by the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Coast Guard . [10] In late 1961 and early 1962, a modified U.S. Navy HSS-2 Sea King was used to break the FAI 3 km, 100 km, 500 km and 1000 km helicopter speed records. This series of flights culminated on 5 February 1962 with the HSS-2 setting an absolute helicopter speed record of 210.6 mph. [11] This record was broken by a modified Sud Super Frelon helicopter on 23 July 1963 with a speed of 217.7 mph. [12] Further developments Edit In the early 21st century, following their drawdown in US service, there has been multiple initiatives to refurbish ex-military Sea Kings for continued operations; in addition to civil operators, nations such as Egypt and India acquired refurbished Sea Kings to supplement their own aging fleets. [13] [14] [15] While Sikorsky formally ended production of the helicopter model in the 1970s, in 2009, it was reported that nearly 600 Sea Kings were in operational service. [16] Design Edit When introduced, the Sea King was a considerable advancement over previous helicopters; its twin-turboshaft powerplant layout gave the SH-3 a payload capacity and level of reliability far in excess of previous anti-submarine helicopters. [4] In the event of an engin",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which British band released an 1993 album entitled ‘Walthamstow’?",
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"content": "East 17 | New Music And Songs | East 17 About East 17 With the notable exception of Take That, East 17 were the most successful teen-oriented dance-pop band in Britain of the early '90s. Led by songwriter Tony Mortimer, the group initially tried to emulate American rap and hip-hop, before settling down into a commercial fusion of new jack R&B, hip-hop beats, rap, and pop melodies. The stylish, accessible blend of dance music, plus the group's boyish good looks, made East 17 into a teen pop sensation. Occasionally, the band achieved some credibility from dance circles when they convinced remixers to reshape their infectious singles, but for the most part, East 17 was a decidedly adolescent -- and decidedly British -- phenomenon, scoring a number of hit singles during the early and mid-'90s, before Brit-pop captured the attention of the majority of British teens. Comprised of four vocalists/rappers -- Tony Mortimer (born Anthony Michael Mortimer, October 21, 1970), Brian Harvey (born Brian Lee Harvey, August 8, 1974), Terry Coldwell (born Terence Mark Colwell, July 21, 1974), and John Hendy (born Jonathan Darren Hendy, March 26, 1971) -- East 17 were formed in London in 1991. Taking their name from their local London postal code in Walthamstow, the group began their musical career by imitating American rap outfits, eventually finding inspiration from urban soul and dance music as well. By 1992, their demo tapes had made their way to London Records, where Tom Watkins -- an A&R instrumental in launching the careers of the Pet Shop Boys and Bros -- signed the band in April of 1992. In August of that year, the group's debut single, \"House of Love,\" was released and it shot into the British Top Ten, selling over 600,000 copies by the end of the year. It was quickly followed in 1993 by their debut album, Walthamstow, which became a hit, despite being panned by critics. For the next two years, East 17 was very popular throughout Britain, and managed to gain a following in Europe, as well. Steam, the band's second album, was a hit upon its release in 1995, but it wasn't quite as popular as their debut, largely due to the shifting musical tastes of the U.K. As the country gravitated toward guitar rock and electronic music, East 17's dance-pop began to lose ground on the charts. In 1996, the band released the singles compilation Around the World: The Journey So Far. In January of 1997, Brian Harvey was kicked out of East 17 following an interview in which he endorsed the drug ecstasy. ~ Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Rovi Hear more of",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the most malleable metal?",
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"content": "What element is the most malleable metal? | Reference.com What element is the most malleable metal? A: Quick Answer The most malleable metal that exists in its pure state is gold. Gold, also the most ductile metal, is capable of being flattened so that it can measure only 0.000127 millimeters in thickness. Full Answer A single ounce of gold can be rolled and beaten thinly enough that it could cover a sheet that measures about 5 meters on a side. Since gold is the most malleable and ductile metal in existence, it has to be alloyed with other metals to be used in jewelry and coins, which require gold to be plated onto them rather than comprising the entire item. Pure gold jewelry and coins would be easily deformed by pressure.",
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trivia_qa_1505638
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Scotsman Alexander Selkirk was the inspiration for what Daniel Dafoe novel?",
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"content": "Alexander Selkirk biography | birthday, trivia | Scottish Castaway | Who2 Alexander Selkirk Biography Sailor A true-life castaway, Scotsman Alexander Selkirk was the inspiration for Daniel Defoe ‘s 1719 novel Robinson Crusoe. While sailing with English privateers in 1704, Selkirk quarrelled with his captain and asked to be put ashore on an uninhabited island off of South America. He took with him a musket, a hatchet, and a few utensils. There he survived alone for four years and four months before being rescued by another English ship. He sailed for two years before returning home, where his story made him a celebrity. Extra credit The island where Selkirk left his ship is now called Robinson Crusoe Island; it was formerly known as Más a Tierra or Aguas Buenas.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the strong inelastic material found in a human tendon?",
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"content": "Tendon | Article about tendon by The Free Dictionary Tendon | Article about tendon by The Free Dictionary http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/tendon Related to tendon: Achilles tendon tendon, tough cord composed of closely packed white fibers of connective tissue that serves to attach muscles to internal structures such as bones or other muscles. Sometimes when the muscle involved is thin and wide, the tendon is not a cord but a thin sheet known as an aponeurosis. The purpose of the tendon in attaching muscle to bone is to enable the power of the muscle to transfer over a distance. For example, when one wants to move a finger, specific muscles in the forearm contract and pull on ligaments that in turn pull the finger bones to produce the desired action. Tendon A cord connecting a muscle to another structure, often a bone. A tendon is a passive material, lengthening when the tension increases and shortening when it decreases. This characteristic contrasts with the active behavior of muscle. Away from its muscle, a tendon is a compact cord. At the muscle, it spreads into thin sheets called aponeuroses, which lie over and sometimes within the muscle belly. The large surface area of the aponeuroses allows the attachment of muscle fibers with a total cross-sectional area that is typically 50 times that of the tendon. See Muscle Tendons are living tissues that contain cells. In adult tendons, the cells occupy only a very small proportion of the volume and have a negligible effect on the mechanical properties. Like other connective tissues, tendon depends on the protein collagen for its strength and rigidity. The arrangement of the long, thin collagenous fibers is essentially longitudinal, but incorporates a characteristic waviness known as crimp. The fibers lie within a matrix of aqueous gel. Thus, tendon is a fiber-reinforced composite (like fiberglass), but its collagen is much less stiff than the glass and its matrix is very much less stiff than the resin. See Collagen The function of tendons is to transmit force. They allow the force from the muscle to be applied in a restricted region. For example, the main muscles of the fingers are in the forearm, with tendons to the fingertips. If the hand had to accommodate these muscles, it would be too plump to be functional. Tendon extension can also be significant in the movement of a joint. For example, the tendon which flexes a human thumb joint is about 7 in. (170 mm) long. The maximum force from its muscle stretches this tendon about 0.1 in. (2.9 mm), which corresponds to rotation of the joint through an angle of about 21°. See Joint (anatomy) Some tendons save energy by acting as springs. In humans, the Achilles tendon reduces the energy needed for running by about 35%. This tendon is stretched during the first half of each step, storing energy which is then returned during takeoff. This elastic energy transfer involves little energy loss, whereas the equivalent work done by muscles would require metabolic energy in both stages. See Connective tissue , Muscular system Tendon a cord consisting of connective tissue; a tendon attaches a muscle to a bone and causes a contracting muscle to move. Tendons are composed of thick, strong, inelastic collagen fibers. The fibers are continuous with the muscle fibers at one end and are interwoven into the periosteum at the other end. Tendons vary in shape; those attached to long muscles are cylindrical, and those attached to transverse muscles are flattened and are termed aponeuroses. The centrum tendineum and galea aponeurotica are distinctive in shape. Some tendons, for example, those of the long flexor muscles of the fingers and toes, are surrounded by a synovial membrane that releases a fluid enabling the tendons to slide easily during motion. Tendon function may be impaired by inflammation or injury. Diseases of the tendons and synovial bursae are treated conservatively. Surgery is indicated when tendons are ruptured as a result of injury. tendon",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which country was chosen by FIFA to host the football world cup in 2014?",
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"content": "BBC SPORT | Football | Internationals | Brazil will stage 2014 World Cup Brazil will stage 2014 World Cup Romario, Dunga and Brazilian President Lula with the World Cup Brazil has been named as the host nation for the 2014 football World Cup. The South American country was the only one bidding to host the tournament, which was due to be staged on the continent under Fifa's rotation system. Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva said: \"Soccer is more than a sport for us, it's a national passion.\" Brazil have won the tournament a record five times and hosted the World Cup once before, in 1950, when they lost 2-1 in the final to Uruguay. 606: DEBATE Will Brazil be good hosts? It is the first time the World Cup is being held in South America since Argentina hosted, and won, the 1978 tournament. Brazil is setting aside around �550m to update its stadiums, including the Maracan� in Rio de Janeiro which hosted the 1950 World Cup final. And that money will need to be spent wisely as Fifa's inspection report has identified 18 grounds with more than 40,000 capacity that could host games. These will be whittled down to nine or 10. However, of the 18, four would have to be re-built from scratch and all of the others need to undergo substantial renovation. This World Cup will have such a big social and cultural impact in Brazil Fifa president Sepp Blatter So basic are the facilities at the moment that most of the stadia are not even equipped for television commentary. Fifa president Blatter said, however, that he had been impressed by Brazil's plans for 2014 despite the fact they were the only bidders. \"The task was not easy - for us it was a real big challenge to have the same list of requirements and the same conditions for only one candidate,\" he said. \"There was an extraordinary presentation by the delegation and we witnessed that this World Cup will have such a big social and cultural impact in Brazil. Brazilians celebrate at the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio \"This is the country that has given to the world the best football and the best footballers, and they are five times world champions.\" Fifa's inspection report added: \"Brazil has a rich history of hosting sporting and other international events. \"But the standards and demands of the World Cup will far surpass those of any other event staged in the history of Brazil in terms of magnitude and complexity. \"The inspection team wants Fifa experts to review the process and progress of host city selection to ensure that adequate financing is committed and secured.\" As news filtered through, celebrations broke out in various towns around the country with fireworks and festivities set to continue into the night. Around 100 people unfurled a green and yellow banner, emblazoned with the words 'The 2014 World Cup is ours', at the foot of the famous Christ the Redeemer statue which overlooks Rio. Meanwhile, women's world champions Germany will host the 2011 Women's World Cup after beating off competition from Canada. Bookmark with:",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which part of the cardamom plant is used as a spice?",
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"content": "Cardamom. Let's get cooking! Sign up for our free meal planner, click here for more details. Guide to cardamom, an exotic eastern spice that is used in sweet and savoury dishes. Cardamom is a small green pod containing tiny black seeds. The seeds are highly aromatic and the spice is immensely popular in Indian and Scandinavian cuisines in particular. When cooking with cardamom, the seeds are the most important part of the spice and it is the seeds that impart the sweet and spicy flavour. The cardamom pod Cardamom belongs to the same family as ginger and turmeric. The cardamom plant is native to India and Sri Lanka and is also cultivated in Guatemala, Mexico, Indonesia and other areas of southern Asia. advertisement The cardamom pods are harvested just before they are ripe and they are allowed to dry in the sun or more often than not nowadays, by using drying machines. When purchased from the supermarket, cardamom pods are usually green in colour, however they can also be found in a bleached white form. Avoid any pods that are a black colour - the greener the pod, the better. You can also buy cardamom in a ground form, yet the quality is not as good as using seeds from a whole pod and grinding them yourself. Cardamom is a very expensive spice and sometimes other spices are added to ground cardamom to reduce the cost. Once the pods are opened or if they are ground, the flavour and aroma of the cardamom is lost very quickly, due to the rapid loss of the essential oils. Releasing the cardamom seeds Cardamom seeds will keep much of their flavour for longer if they are stored in airtight containers. To use the pods and seeds in cooking, the pods need to be ground or crushed. This can be managed very easily by using a pestle and mortar. Simply place the cardamom pods in the mortar and lightly pound the pods with the pestle. The pods will burst open and the seeds will ooze out. If you are using cardamom seeds for baked pastries or breads, just scoop the seeds out of the mortar and add them to the required mixture. For curries or stews, the pod can be added to the cooking pot along with the seeds. After a while the pod will dissolve and a little extra flavour is given to the dish. Culinary uses of cardamom Cardamom can be used in sweet or savoury dishes depending on your taste. In Indian, North African and cuisines of the Middle East, cardamom is a popular spice in curries and is often one of the components of their typical spice blends used for all types of savoury dishes. In the Arab world, visitors may be offered a cup of coffee flavoured with cardamom and cream and this is seen as a show of hospitality and welcome. In Scandinavian countries, on the other hand, cardamom is used in all types of sweet pastry and bread dishes and is added to dishes, as we would use cinnamon. Ground cardamom seeds can also be used to flavour other types of foods such as soups, pâtés, stews, purées and rice dishes or if you prefer to try cardamom in a sweet dish, try adding some seeds to your homemade rice pudding, ice cream, custard or sprinkle them over a fresh fruit salad. Medicinal uses of cardamom Cardamom has been used medicinally for thousands of years. It was popular in Ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt, India and China. It is renowned for its ability to treat digestive and stomach disorders but is also used to treat other complaints, such as those listed below: Cardamom can help relieve indigestion and intestinal gas. In India it is used for chest disorders such as asthma and bronchitis. Some say that cardamom is an excellent tonic and pick-me-up. It also has diuretic properties. Cardamom can relieve bad breath and can help clear up teeth and gum disorders. advertisement Cardamom Recipes",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who painted his grandson in the famous work, `Bubbles'?",
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"content": "Artwork details, Liverpool museums See a larger version About the artwork One of the most famous paintings by the Victorian artist Sir John Millais has been placed on long loan at the Lady Lever Art Gallery. It has been lent by Unilever. 'Bubbles' was painted in 1885-6. It shows a boy blowing bubbles with a pipe and a bowl of soap suds. The boy was the artist’s grandson, Willie James, aged about four: he later became an Admiral. To get round the problems of painting the bubbles, the artist had a glass sphere specially manufactured. Millais originally titled his painting 'A Child’s World' but it was later changed to 'Bubbles'. As a young man, Millais was one of the chief artists in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood , which set out to attack the complacency of the Royal Academy. He painted masterpieces such as 'Isabella' ( Walker Art Gallery ) and ' Ophelia ' ( Tate Britain ) in a new style with bright colours, wiry outlines and minute detail. By the time he painted 'Bubbles', Millais was in his 50s. He had abandoned the Pre-Raphaelite style and had adopted darker colours and looser brushwork. No longer a rebel, he had joined the Royal Academy and had become a pillar of the art establishment. Much of his work at this stage in his career featured sentimental portrayals of small children. Other examples, at the Lady Lever Art Gallery, are 'Little Speedwell’s Darling Blue' and 'The Nest'. Although 'Bubbles' may appear sentimental to modern taste, it has a serious meaning. Millais was using a symbol with a long tradition behind it. 'Bubbles' are fragile and have a brief moment of beauty before they burst. In the 17th century Dutch artists painted children blowing bubbles to convey the brevity of human life, the transience of beauty and the inevitability of death. This theme appealed to Millais and is a key to several other of his paintings, such as ' Spring (Apple Blossoms) ' also at the Lady Lever Art Gallery. Amongst the beauty of the young girls and the spring flowers in this picture, Millais painted a scythe, to indicate that beauty fades and that death awaits us all. This aspect of 'Bubbles' was not obvious to the Victorians. Victorian artists associated childhood with sweetness and innocence. The attitude is seen in the book illustrations of Kate Greenaway and in historical pictures such as 'And when did you last see your father?' by W. F. Yeames (Walker Art Gallery). It had also been seen in the 18th century in pictures like ' The Age of Innocence ' (Tate Britain) by Sir Joshua Reynolds , who was much admired by Millais. The interpretation of childhood changed radically after Freud wrote about it as a troubled period of latent sexuality, but it would be unhistorical to expect Millais to reflect these ideas in his work. Listen to a recording of Julian Treuherz's gallery talk on 'Bubbles' online now . The painting was brought from Millais by Sir William Ingram, proprietor of the Illustrated London News, a popular magazine with a wide circulation. Ingram also bought the copyright from the artist. He published 'Bubbles' as a special presentation colour print with the Christmas number of the magazine in 1887. (Other paintings of children by Millais had been published with previous Christmas numbers with great success.) Before its appearance in the magazine, the painting with its copyright was sold to A & F Pears, manufacturers of Pears soap. The Managing Director of Pears, Thomas Barrett, was a pioneer of modern advertising methods, and he and William Lever of Lever Brothers, makers of Sunlight Soap, were great rivals, each spending vast sums on promoting their brands. Barrett turned 'Bubbles' into an advertisement by adding a bar of soap in the foreground. Millais was furious, but he could do nothing about it. Millais was unfairly criticised for degrading his art, but as the copyright owner, Barrett was within his rights. And the use of the painting for advertising meant that the picture became the best known of all his works. Lever responded to Barrett’s initiative in 1889 by purchasing ' The New Frock ' by Frith and using",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the process by which an insect undergoes distinct physical change from immaturity (typically larva or nymph) to adulthood?",
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"content": "intro to insects 1 - Entomology 6234 with Musser at Mississippi State University - StudyBlue Good to have you back! If you've signed in to StudyBlue with Facebook in the past, please do that again. intro to insects 1 chemical breakdown of food and absorption of nutrience Advertisement ) insect any animal of the class insects, small, air breathing arthropods having 3 divided body parts, wings and legs. arthropods any invertebrate of the phylum arthropods, having segmented body, jointed limbs, and usually undergoes molting appendages can be antennae, wings, legs, or mouthparts. head hardened anterior region of the body that bears the eyes, antennae, and mouthparts. compound eyes consist of a few to several thoughts individual eye units single eye located on top of the head of adults. (usually three) have sensory functions used to detect orders and sounds and to touch and taste objects. sense world around them \"upper-lip\". forms roof of mouth and used for pulling food in. mandibles part of an insects mouth that looks like a jaw. (1st pair of jaws) cut, chewing, and tearing food. maxilla 2nd pair of jaw- located behind mandible. used for handing food. labium floor of the mouth. \"lower-lip\" antenna, compound eye, mandible, maxilla, labium, labrum, ocelius the head contains? external covering that provides protection for invertebrates. Advertisement thorax is divided into 3 segments? head used mainly for eating, sensing things and gathering information. thorax protects body and gives support for 3 pair of jointed legs and 1 or 2 wings. Thorax between the neck and abdomen abdomen contains the organs for digestion and reproduction open circulatory system system where blood and interstitial fluids are allow to mix in an organism hemocoel body cavity where blood flows hemolymph brings oxygen into their bodies through a series of tubes prothorax bears first pair of legs. anterior division. bearing the forewings and elytra metathorax posterior segment. bearing the hind wings sensillam sensory hairs used to pick up chemical in the environment. located on antennae piercing 1st segment of the leg of an insect joining leg to body. hip joint. trochanter second segment in the leg that serves as a joint connecting coxa and femur femur usually long and stouter than the other segments and contains the main muscles used in running, jumping and digging. 3rd segment 4th segment in the leg located between femur and tarsus tarsus foot of the insect leg, finial segment. claws thorax wings composed of 2 membranes of the cuticle pressed together and supported by a series of veins costa second vien, typically unbranched. behind costa radius third vein, one to five branches reach wing margin media fourth longitudinal vein, one to four branches reach the wing margin cubitus fifth longitudinal vein, one to three branches reach the wing margin anal viens contains the organs used for digestion and reproduction tergites laying of eggs aphid bug that feeds by sucking sap from plants. reproduce rapidly. live in large colonies that cause extensive damage to crops exoskeleton basic unit of nervous system insecticides substance used for killing insects ganglion group of cell nerves bodies are located in nervous system axon long slender projection of the nerve that typically conducts electrical impulses away from neuron cell body nerve transmission electrical impulses that travel fast and is caused by ion migration dendrites receive impulse from neurons or sensory system synapse physical gap between two nerves chemically how does impulse get across the gap? neurotransmitters small molecules which carry info across synapses from a nerve cell to its neighbor cell. critical for animal behavior complimentary enzymes destroy left over neurotransmitters presynaptic related to or denoting a nerve cell that releases a transmitter substance into synapse during transmitting of an impulse post synaptic receiving end of discharge across synapse nervous system network of nerve cells that transmits nerve impulses thru the body c",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The ancient ritual of bull-leaping took place on which Mediterranean island?",
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"content": "Strange Horizons - Bull-Leaping in Bronze Age Crete Bull-Leaping in Bronze Age Crete comes near the midpoint of the story, on the doomed island of Atlantis. In it, the royal princess Charis takes part in one of the major rituals of her people: bull-leaping. Sir Arthur Evans; image courtesy of the Hellenic Ministry of Culture The idea of acrobats flinging themselves at and over charging bulls was not Lawhead's invention; he took it from Minoan-period Crete. The archaeological record contains many depictions of this activity, and the concept of it has enchanted many people since Sir Arthur Evans first carried out excavations in the palace at Knossos . Since then, however, many scholars have raised questions about it, ranging from the meaning of the activity, to the manner and location of its execution, to who engaged in it. The subject is muddied in part by Evans's own writings; his work at Knossos and elsewhere is the foundation of Minoan archaeology (he was the one to name the period Minoan, after the mythological figure of Minos), and his efforts are laudable, but he approached Crete and its ancient civilization with a romantic light in his eye, and it colored all that he saw. Because his work is the foundation upon which so much else is built, that romantic light has also tinted much later scholarship. Disentangling Evans's biases from his own work and that of others in order to form a clearer picture of this characteristically Minoan activity is not a simple task. What is bull-leaping? The most commonly cited representation of bull-leaping is a well-preserved member of the four-panel grouping known as the \"Taureador\" or \"Bull-Leaping\" frescoes found at Knossos. Large portions of the panel are missing, but it seems that many key parts are preserved. The fresco shows three individuals of debatable gender and a bull with its legs outstretched in the common artistic code for a full gallop. One figure, dark-skinned and apparently male, seems to be somersaulting over the bull's back; his legs are in the air and his arms stretch around the bull's sides. At the bull's head another figure stands and seems to grasp the bull's horns, perhaps preparatory to performing the kind of acrobatics the other is currently engaged in. The third figure stands behind the bull, arms outstretched, perhaps in an attitude of reverence, perhaps to catch or steady the individual doing the somersault. The other three panels are similar in composition, with the primary difference being that in two of them the third figure appears to be landing from a leap rather than reaching out to catch the other acrobat. The Taureador Frescoes are far from the only representation of bull-leaping in Minoan wall art. Evans's personal count of their instances may be somewhat inflated; he was capable of looking at a fresco fragment showing the front leg of an animal, most likely a bull, and extrapolating from this an entire bull-leaping scene complete with acrobats. His restorers then obligingly provided him with all the missing pieces. And, unfortunately, reproductions of the frescoes often do not show where the fragments end and the reproductions begin, so that many readers are misled into thinking the entire thing is genuine. Elsewhere, Evans's extrapolations may be better founded, as in one fragment which shows not only the forelegs of a bull but also marks which seem to be locks of hair, which could indicate the presence of an acrobat. Nevertheless, when Evans calls bull-grappling a common motif in Minoan art, that designation must be taken with a grain of salt. Still, the Taureador Frescoes are not alone. A fragment from what Evans called the \"Deposit of High Reliefs\" shows a man's left arm thrown over a bull's horn; the fist is clenched, but not around the horn itself, and curiously enough the arm is turned in such a direction that it implies the man is facing away from the bull, instead of toward it, as is the case in the Taureador Frescoes. There are, moreover, frescoes from other sites that show the same or similar scenes: Pylos and Tiryns",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Name the title and artist of this 1991 #1 hit: ‘With the lights out, it’s less dangerous. Here we are now, entertain us. I feel stupid and contagious. Here we are now, entertain us.”",
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"content": "Smells Like Teen Spirit by Nirvana Songfacts Smells Like Teen Spirit by Nirvana Songfacts Songfacts Kurt Cobain wrote this song for Nirvana; it came together in a jam session when he played it for the band. He said: \"I was trying to write the ultimate pop song. I was basically trying to rip off The Pixies.\" Kathleen Hanna, the lead singer of the group Bikini Kill, gave Cobain the idea for the title when she spray painted \"Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit\" on his bedroom wall after a night of drinking and spraying graffiti around the Seattle area. In his pre-Courtney Love days, Cobain went out with Bikini Kill lead singer Tobi Vail, but she dumped him. Vail wore Teen Spirit deodorant, and Hanna was implying that Cobain was marked with her scent. Hanna explained that early in the night, she was Cobain's lookout as he spray pained \"God Is Gay\" on the wall of a religious center that they believed was posing as an abortion clinic and telling women they would go to hell if they aborted their child. They got quite inebriated that night, and Hanna said, \"We ended up in Kurt's apartment and I smashed up a bunch of s--t. I took out a Sharpie marker and I wrote all over his bedroom wall - it was a rental so it was really kind of lame that I did that. I passed out with the marker in my hand, and woke up hung over.\" Six months later she got a call from Cobain, asking her if he could use what she wrote on the wall for a lyric. Said Hanna, \"I thought, how is he going to use 'Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit as a lyric?\" Cobain didn't know it when he wrote the song, but Teen Spirit is a brand of deodorant marketed to young girls. Kurt thought Hanna was complimenting him on his rebellious spirit, as someone who could inspire youth. Sales of Teen Spirit deodorant shot up when this became a hit, even though it is never mentioned in the lyrics. This was the first \"Alternative\" song to become a huge hit, and in many ways it redefined the term, as \"alternative\" implies lack of popularity and the song was embraced by the mainstream. In an effort to save the label for acts like Porno For Pyros and Catherine Wheel, some industry folk referred to the genre as \"Modern Rock,\" which became a common radio format. \"Alternative\" became more of a catchall for music played by white people that didn't fit the pop or country formats, and Nirvana quickly became a \"Classic Alternative\" band. With this track, Nirvana helped ignite the \"grunge\" craze, which was characterized by loud guitars, angst-ridden lyrics, and flannel. Grunge was a look and sound that was distorted and emotive, led by bands coming out of the Northwest. Pearl Jam and Soundgarden were other top grunge bands of the era. Cobain would often dismiss the term as a meaningless label when asked about it in early interviews, but their bass player Krist Novoselic explained that it was a growling, organic guitar sound that defined it. Cobain said he wrote this song because he was feeling \"disgusted with my generation's apathy, and with my own apathy and spinelessness.\" This feeling of detachment is what led to lyrics like \"Oh well, whatever, nevermind.\" Krist Novoselic added: \"Kurt really despised the mainstream. That's what 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' was all about: The mass mentality of conformity.\" The video was a huge hit on MTV. The concept was \"Pep Rally from Hell,\" and it was shot at Culver City Studios in California on August 17, 1991, directed by Samuel Bayer, who was a 1987 graduate of the New York City School of Visual Arts. The kids were recruited at a show the band played two days earlier at The Roxy Theater in Los Angeles, where flyers were handed out saying, \"Nirvana needs you to appear in their upcoming music video. You should be 18-25 year old and adopt a high school persona, i.e. preppy, punk, nerd, jock. Be prepared to stay for several hours. Come support Nirvana and have a great time.\" The shoot took more like 12 hours, with the extras ordered to sit in the bleachers and look bored while the song played over and over. Said Bayer: \"Nobody wanted to be there for more than a half hour, and I",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"\"\"In the Land of Blood and Honey\"\", set in Sarajevo in the 1990s in the Bosnian war, was the directorial debut of what USA actress?\"",
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"content": "Angelina Jolie Makes Directorial Debut with 'In The Land of Blood and Honey' Angelina Jolie Makes Directorial Debut with 'In The Land of Blood and Honey' December 08, 2011 7:00 PM Alex Villarreal Email to a Friend Print American movie star Angelina Jolie is making her directorial debut with a film set during Bosnia's civil war in the 1990s. In an exclusive interview with VOA's Bosnian service, Jolie says the message of the film, titled In the Land of Blood and Honey , is one of tolerance and understanding. Angelina Jolie is used to being in front of the camera. But for her latest project, the Academy Award-winning actress stepped behind it... and into the brutality of wartime Bosnia. \"The more I learned about it and the more I read about it, the more angry I got about the lack of intervention,\" Jolie says, \"the more emotional I was about the violence against women. And I wanted to do a film that would help to look into the relationships between not just a couple, but also sisters, and fathers and sons, and mothers and children.\" Jolie wrote as well as directed In the Land of Blood and Honey. It is a love story between a Muslim woman and a Serb man during Bosnia-Herzogovina's bloody, three-year ethnic conflict. Jolie says she hopes the film sparks discussion about the war and Bosnia's continued struggle since the 1995 peace agreement. \"I want people to remember Bosnia, and I want them to remember what happened, and I want them to pay respect to all of the people who survived, and today, to remember that this country still has so much healing to do,” she explains. As a United Nations goodwill ambassador, the mother of six and partner to Brad Pitt often brings her influence as an actress to global issues. But this time is different. \"This film is the first time that these worlds have collided for me,\" Jolie says, \"so this film means more to me than any film I’ve ever made.\" A film festival in the Bosnian capital Sarajevo honored Jolie earlier this year, despite initial criticism from Bosnian sexual violence victims and a lawsuit alleging she stole plot pieces from a book. She credits her Bosnian cast and war victims, organizations and officials she consulted with the result. \"It’s not an American film made about Bosnia. It’s a film made with one American and many Bosnians and many people from the area, and we made it together,\" she says. In the Land of Blood and Honey opens in U.S. theaters on December 23. It has two versions: one in English, the other in the Bosnian language.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Cabinet post has been held by Stephen Byers, Peter Mandelson and Margaret Becket in recent years?",
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"content": "Peter Mandelson : definition of Peter Mandelson and synonyms of Peter Mandelson (English) St Catherine's College, Oxford Peter Benjamin Mandelson, Baron Mandelson, PC (born 21 October 1953) is a British Labour Party politician , who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hartlepool from 1992 to 2004 , served in a number of Cabinet positions under both Tony Blair and Gordon Brown , and was a European Commissioner . He was a key architect in the rebranding of the Labour Party as \" New Labour \" and its subsequent landslide victory in the 1997 general election . [1] He twice resigned from Tony Blair's government while holding Cabinet positions. After his second resignation, he served as the European Commissioner for Trade from 2004 to 2008. He rejoined the government when he was made a life peer by the Queen and took his seat in the House of Lords on 13 October 2008. [2] Contents 7 External links Early life Peter Mandelson was born in London in 1953, the son of Mary Joyce (née Morrison) and George Norman Mandelson. [3] His father's family was Jewish, and his father was the advertising manager at The Jewish Chronicle . On his mother's side, he is the grandson of Margaret (Kent) and Herbert Morrison , the London County Council leader and Labour cabinet minister. [4] He was educated at Hendon County Grammar School 1965–72. [5] In 1966 he appeared on stage with the local amateur theatre group, the Hampstead Garden Suburb Dramatic Society as the eponymous lead in The Winslow Boy . He read Philosophy, Politics and Economics at St Catherine's College, Oxford (1973–1976) and in the late 1970s, became Chair of the British Youth Council . As Chair of the BYC, he was a delegate in 1978 to the Soviet -organised World Festival of Youth and Students in Havana , Cuba, where with several future Labour cabinet colleagues, he with Hilary Barnard, future IUSY President, and Trevor Phillips successfully frustrated agreement on a distorted Soviet text on youth in the capitalist countries. [6] [7] In his teenage years, he was also a member of the Young Communist League . [8] but was a member of the Oxford University Labour Club delegation to the December 1975 NOLS Conference when the entryist Trotskyist Militant tendency lost control of NOLS. He was elected to Lambeth Borough Council in September 1979, but retired in 1982, disillusioned with the state of Labour politics. [9] Media and public relations career He worked as a television producer at London Weekend Television on Weekend World before Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock appointed him as Director of Communications in 1985, with a view to his overseeing Labour's campaign for the next general election , which was ultimately held in June 1987 and ended in a third successive win for Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government, [10] although the Conservative majority was slightly reduced as Labour gained 20 seats. [11] Mandelson was able to secure close friendships within the Labour Party because of uncle Alexander Butler, who had worked alongside many important Labour politicians during the 1960s. In this role he was one of the first people in Britain to whom the term \" spin doctor \" was applied; he was thus called 'the Prince of Darkness ' [12] [13] and, after his ennoblement , 'the Dark Lord', nicknames he apparently enjoys having. [14] In 1986, Mandelson ran the campaign at the Fulham by-election in which Labour defeated the Conservative Party. [15] He then managed the Labour Party's 1987 general election campaign. He is author (with Roger Liddle ) of The Blair Revolution (1996). More recently, he contributed to the book The City in Europe and the World (2005). Mandelson has been given the nickname \"Mandy\" in the popular media. [16] Political career He ceased being a Labour Party official in 1990 when he was selected as Labour candidate for the safe seat of Hartlepool . He was elected to the House of Commons at the 1992 general election . [17] Shadow cabinet Mandelson made several speeches outlining his strong support for the European Union . He was close to two Shadow Cabinet members",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, which country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia, which also divides it in two?",
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"content": "Brunei - Asian Destination Travel Brunei Thursday, 28 January 2016 15:41 Brunei (4 votes) Mosque in Brunei Brunei is one of the interesting countries for travelers. Some people go to this country for finding golds. They could earn lots of money in this kind of job. Brunei is one of the interesting counties in South East Asia. There are lots of misery that you might find in Brunei. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei’s was 408,786 in July 2012 General explanation about Brunei. The Nation of Brunei or the Abode of Peaceis a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. It is around 5.765 km. it is the smallest country in Asian Economic Community. Bandar Seri Begawan is the capital city of Brunei. The main income of their country is from oil and tourism industry. They are plenty of rich people. It is peaceful and safe. Booking cheap hotels in Brunei Advice for travelers : Travel by airplane would be the best choice because Brunei is on the Islands. Or else you can travel by boat which take longer hour than airplane. Using airplane would be the safest way and convince to go to Brunei. Highlight of Brunei 1. There are less criminal and thief in Brunei. Compare to the members of Asian Economics Community, Brunei has the least criminal. There are only 1,000 to 5,000 cases a year. Comparing to Thailand, they have about 900,000 case a year. So we can say that Brunei is one of the safest countries in South East Asia. And it is good for travelers. 2. Their houses and city are arranged well. From the high income of the country, Brunei government has done many things to make the country nice. If you have visited Brunei, you will see the well-arranged street and roads. 3. Environments and peacefulness are the heart of Brunei. If you search for the word “Brunei Darussalam”, there will be meaning say land of happiness. Therefore, when you come to this country, you would have a peacefulness. There are less events and noise in Brunei. If you like quiet place, this place would be a paradise for you. 4. There are many ethical attraction in Brunei. Islam is Brunei's official religion, 67 percent of the population is Muslim. Most of Brunei people are Islam so we would see Dome which is gold and gorgeous everywhere in the city. The dorm is beautiful especially with the sun shine in the afternoon. This would be a memorable picture that you might get when you visit Brunei.The culture of Brunei is predominantly Malay, with heavy influences from Islam, but is seen as much more conservative than Indonesia and Malaysia. Influences to Bruneian culture come from the Malay cultures of the Malay Archipelago. Four periods of cultural influence have occurred, animist, Hindu, Islamic, and Western. Islam had a very strong influence, and was adopted as Brunei's ideology and philosophy. Brunei's official main language is the Malay language but the English language is also widely spoken as it is considered a compulsory subject in the majority of the schools. Map of Brunei Expense that you should know 1. Airplane ticket is around 1,000 to 3,999 Baht per flight. (Low price ticket is available in low class airline.) 2. Food expense is around 70 to 200 Baht per meal. It is quite expensive comparing to the countries in South East Asia. 3. Expense in entering architecture and tourist attraction are ranged free until 2,000Baht (depends on the place) 4. Their currency is Dollar in Brunei Advice from the writer : As a writer, I think Brunei is a peaceful country with beautiful cultures and religions. Islam is the main religion in Brunei. And there are many Dorm of Islam around the country. Their agriculture is fantastic and gorgeous. Brunei people are friendly and kind. Brunei is matched p",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which catholic saint is associated with the pilgrimage site of Lourdes in France?",
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"content": "Our Lady of Lourdes, France Our Lady of Lourdes About Lourdes For Catholics, Lourdes is the world's most beloved Shrine. Nestled in a valley in the southwestern part of the Hautes-Pyrenees, it is the scene of pilgrims gathering from all over the world. On February 11,1858, the Virgin revealed herself to a poor shepherd girl, Bernadette Soubirous who was born in January 7, 1844. Eighteen such apparitions were reported. Bernadette, died in a convent in 1879. She was beatified in 1925, then canonized in 1933. Her apparitions literally put Lourdes on the map. The town has subsequently attracted millions of visitors, the illustrious and the povery-stricken. The Church has recognized many \"cures\" that have taken place after patients bathed in the springs, labeling them \"true miracles.\" At the Grotto of Massabielle the Virgin is said to have appeared 18 times to Bernadette between February 11 and July 16, 1858. This venerated site is accessible to pilgrims both day and night, and Mass is celebrated there every day. The Statue of Our Lady depicts the Virgin in the posture she is said to have taken in the place she reputedly appeared, saying to Bernadette in Pyrenean dialect, \"I am the Immaculate Conception.\" At the back of the Grotto, on the left of the Altar, is the Miraculous Spring that reportedly spouted on February 25, 1858, during the ninth apparition, when Bernadette scraped the earth as instructed. The Virgin is said to have commanded her, \"Go and drink at the spring and wash there.\" The water from this spring is collected in several reservoirs, from which you can drink. Other Sancturies associated with St. Bernadette include the crypt, the first chapel built on top of the Grotto, the Basilica of St. Pius X. In town, there are the house where Bernadette lived, the Cachot, the baptismal font in the parish church, and the hospital chapel where she made her First Communion. The Upper Basilica, at place du Rosaire, was built in the 13th century ogival style but was not conscracted until 1876. It contains one nave split into five equal bays. Lining its interior are votive tables. On the west side of the square is the Rosary Basilica, with two small towers. It was built in 1889 in the Roman-Byzantine style and holds up to 4,000. Inside, 15 chapels are dedicated to the \"Mysteries of the Rosary\". The oval Basilica of Pius X was consacrated in 1958. An enormous underground chamber covered by a concrete roof, it has 660 feet long and 270 feet wide, holding as many as 20,000. It is one of the world's largest churches. [an error occurred while processing this directive] Prayer Prayer to Our Lady of Lourdes: O ever immanculate Virgin, Mother of mercy, health of the sick, refuge of sinners, comfort of the afflicted, you know my wants, my troubles, my sufferings; deign to cast upon me a look of mercy. By appearing in the Grotto of Lourdes, you were pleased to make it a privileged sanctuary, whence you dispense your favors, and already many sufferers have obtained the cure of their infirmities both spiritual and corporal, I come, therefore, with unbounded confidence, to implore your material intercession. Obtain, O loving Mother, the grant of my requests. I will endeavor to imitate your virtues, that I may one day share your glory, and bless you in eternity. Amen.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What at the end of 2010 was Amazon's biggest ever selling product?",
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"content": "10 Best-Selling Products of All Time Spencer Platt—Getty Images This post is in partnership with 24/7 Wall Street . The article below was originally published on 247wallst.com . Creating the most popular product of the year will make consumers and investors happy. But making an all-time bestseller can transform an industry and define a business for decades. Many of the best-selling products were first in a new category. Apple, which has sold more than 500 million iPhones, was the first to introduce a touchscreen smartphone that could seamlessly handle music, web browsing and phone calls. Other bestsellers took a niche market and made it mainstream. Before Star Wars, film was either comedy, romance or drama. The Harry Potter book series was so successful that The New York Times Book Review created a separate children’s bestseller list in 2000 to account for the series’ popularity. MORE: 10 Companies Paying Americans the Least In some cases, top-selling products were a simply better than their competitors. Before the Sony PlayStation, video game consoles were largely cartridge-based. With the advent of the PlayStation, which relied on the new CD-ROM format, game files could be large enough to support 3D gameplay and full-motion video. Lipitor, which has become the world’s best-selling drug with $141 billion in sales, was far more effective than previously-released drugs at lowering bad cholesterol. A number of these products continue to be dominate their markets . The iPad remains the world’s best-selling tablet, with a 32.5% market share last quarter, despite challenges from Amazon.com’s Kindle Fire and Samsung’s Galaxy tablet lines. The PlayStation 4 has sold over 7 million units since it launched last year, well above the Microsoft Xbox One. Despite their success, some of these products face challenges. Sales of Pfizer’s Lipitor dropped each year after its maker, Pfizer, lost patent protection on the drug in 2011 and cheaper generic drugs came on the market. The ongoing Star Wars saga may lose its status as the all time best-selling movie franchise to Walt Disney’s Marvel Franchise. The Avengers broke box office records, grossing $203.4 million on its opening weekend. MORE: The Most Polluted Cities in America To determine the best-selling products of all-time, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed categories of products widely purchased by consumers and identified individual products that had the highest sales in their category.In some cases, we gathered figures from multiple sources and estimated the final sales figure. In other instances, where one company had a clear market lead, figures reflect data from previous years. These are the best-selling products of all time. 1. PlayStation > Total sales: 344 million units > Parent company: Sony When Sony released the PlayStation in the United States in 1995, its 32-bit processor was the most powerful available on the console market at the time. Sony sold more than 70 million PlayStations worldwide by the time the PlayStation 2 was released in 2000. The PlayStation 2 also sold very well in the U.S. and abroad. Sony released the PlayStation 3 in 2006, and it sold 80 million units to retailers by November 2013. The latest generation, the PlayStation 4, has been wildly successful thus-far, already selling 7 million units as of April. 2. Lipitor > Total sales: $141 billion > Parent company: Pfizer Pfizer’s Lipitor is prescribed to lower LDL (or bad) cholesterol — high levels of bad cholesterol increase the risk of heart disease. Lipitor is classified as a statin, a class of drug used to reduce the risk of heart-related ailments. However, Lipitor sales have plummeted in recent years after its U.S. patent expired in 2011. Lipitor has lost patent protection in other major markets since. In 2013, Lipitor sales totaled $2.3 billion, down from $9.6 billion in 2011 according to Pfizer’s 2013 annual report. Still, since its introduction in 1997, no other drug came close to Lipitor’s commercial success. The closest competitor for all time sales is Plavix, which had slightly more than half of Lipitor’s",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The USA purchased Alaska in 1867; when did it become one of the states in the United States?",
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"content": "Milestones: 1866–1898 - Office of the Historian Milestones: 1866–1898 Purchase of Alaska, 1867 The purchase of Alaska in 1867 marked the end of Russian efforts to expand trade and settlements to the Pacific coast of North America, and became an important step in the United States rise as a great power in the Asia-Pacific region. Beginning in 1725, when Russian Czar Peter the Great dispatched Vitus Bering to explore the Alaskan coast, Russia had a keen interest in this region, which was rich in natural resources and lightly inhabited. As the United States expanded westward in the early 1800s, Americans soon found themselves in competition with Russian explorers and traders. St. Petersburg, however, lacked the financial resources to support major settlements or a military presence along the Pacific coast of North America and permanent Russian settlers in Alaska never numbered more than four hundred. Defeat in the Crimean War further reduced Russian interest in this region. Signing of the Alaska Treaty, 1867 Russia offered to sell Alaska to the United States in 1859, believing the United States would off-set the designs of Russia’s greatest rival in the Pacific, Great Britain. The looming U.S. Civil War delayed the sale, but after the war, Secretary of State William Seward quickly took up a renewed Russian offer and on March 30, 1867, agreed to a proposal from Russian Minister in Washington, Edouard de Stoeckl, to purchase Alaska for $7.2 million. The Senate approved the treaty of purchase on April 9; President Andrew Johnson signed the treaty on May 28, and Alaska was formally transferred to the United States on October 18, 1867. This purchase ended Russia’s presence in North America and ensured U.S. access to the Pacific northern rim. For three decades after its purchase the United States paid little attention to Alaska, which was governed under military, naval, or Treasury rule or, at times, no visible rule at all. Seeking a way to impose U.S. mining laws, the United States constituted a civil government in 1884. Skeptics had dubbed the purchase of Alaska “Seward’s Folly,” but the former Secretary of State was vindicated when a major gold deposit was discovered in the Yukon in 1896, and Alaska became the gateway to the Klondike gold fields. The strategic importance of Alaska was finally recognized in World War II. Alaska became a state on January 3, 1959.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which of the Rolling Stones has a cameo role as Captain Jack Teague, father of Jack Sparrow in 'Pirates of the Caribbean, At World's End'?",
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"content": "Keith Richards | PotC Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia ― Rob Marshall [src] Keith Richards is an English musician and songwriter, and a founding member of The Rolling Stones . Richards had come to be seen as the quintessential rock and roll guitarist. He had been called \"the Human Riff,\" and his playing, an uncanny combination of irreducible rawness and innate musicality, had made him one of the most influential musicians in rock history. Rolling Stone magazine said Richards had created \"rock's greatest single body of riffs,\" and ranked him 4th on its list of 100 best guitarist. Fourteen songs Richards wrote with Rolling Stones' lead vocalist Mick Jagger are listed among Rolling Stone magazine's \" 500 Greatest Songs of All Time .\" His candor, rigorous personal integrity, and uncompromising commitment to the music he loved had earned him the respect not only of the people who grew up with The Rolling Stones, but of succeeding generations of younger fans. He was an outlaw, but with an aristocratic bearing; a fearsome figure, but with unmistakable touches of sweetness and vulnerability; a feral rocker who can also break your heart with a lovely ballad. That's why Johnny Depp had cited Keith Richards as an inspiration for his portrayal of Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean series , which made Richards the ideal choice to portray Jack's father Captain Teague in At World's End and On Stranger Tides . Contents Life and career The Rolling Stones The Rolling Stones , of course, were among the handful of artists who redefined popular music when they emerged from London in the 1960s, and Keith Richards was one of the seminal group's founding members. In particular, he loved the American blues and R&B that have proven to be important elements of the Stones' music. Richards was the engine that drove the band's irresistibly rhythmic sound, and collaborating with singer Mick Jagger , he had written some of the most indelible songs of the rock era, including \"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction,\" \"Start Me Up,\" \"Brown Sugar\" and \"Jumping Jack Flash.\" In addition, Richards had made two solo albums, Talk Is Cheap and Main Offender, with his band, the XPensive (\"as in formerly thinking,\" he wryly explained) Winos. [1] Film career Nor was Richards a stranger to the world of film. He produced the music for the concert film Chuck Berry: Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll (1987), directed by Taylor Hackford, in honor of Berry's 60th birthday. Gimme Shelter , the Maysles Brothers documentary of the Stones' tumultuous American tour in 1969, is widely regarded as one of the best rock and roll films ever made. Martin Scorsese, Jean-Luc Godard and Hal Ashby are among the other directors the Stones have worked with in the course of their storied career. [1] Pirates of the Caribbean Johnny Depp's inspiration Johnny Depp , a close friend of Richards, had cited Keith Richards as an inspiration for his portrayal of Captain Jack Sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl . Depp, who developed his ideas for the character, had strong ideas about Jack's attitude and appearance. He modeled a large part of Jack Sparrow after Keith Richards, saying that \"Pirates were the rock stars of their day.\" [2] Captain Jack Sparrow's famous look was a collaboration in the first film between costume designer Penny Rose , key makeup artist Ve Neill, key hairstylist Martin Samuel, and Johnny Depp himself. \"Having spent some time with Keith Richards was certainly a huge part of the inspiration for the character,\" said the actor. \"I spent a little time with Keith here and there, and each time I'd see him he'd have a new thing tied into his hair. 'What is that hanging?' I'd ask, and Keith would say, 'Ah yeah, I got that in Bermuda,' or wherever. So it felt to me like Jack, on his travels and adventures, would see something and go, 'Oh yeah, I'll keep that,' tie it in his hair or have someone else do it. Each little trinket would have a story. For example, the bone that hangs just above the bandana is a shinbone from a reindeer. Then Jack has the dangly bits, be",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Scot won a Gold medal at the 1991 World Athletics Championships and a Silver medal at the 1988 Olympics in the 10000 metres – she also won the London Marathon in 1996?",
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"content": "Liz McColgan Liz McColgan 24 May 1964 Athlete Elizabeth (\"Liz\") McColgan (née Lynch) MBE is a Scottish former middle-distance and long-distance track and road-running athlete. Born Elizabeth Lynch, she grew up in the Whitfield area of Dundee and was a pupil of St Saviour's RC High School. She joined her local athletics club, the Hawkhill Harriers, at age 12 at the advice of her PE teacher Phil Cairns. Coached by Harry Bennett, she soon discovered a talent for distance running and won her first UK titles at the age of 18. Following Bennett's death, McColgan self-coached herself in preparation for the Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh in 1986. At the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, McColgan took the gold medal in the 10,000 metres, finishing nearly 12 seconds ahead of the nearest competitor and giving the host country its only gold medal in Athletics. This was followed by a silver medal at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. McColgan was the 1986 NCAA National Champion in the mile run representing the Alabama Crimson Tide in the American collegiate Indoor Track and Field national Championships and was the school's record-holder for the mile run. McColgan won silver in the 3,000 metres at the World Indoor Championships in 1989. She became the only Scot to successfully defended a Commonwealth title at the 1990 games in Auckland, New Zealand, when she took the gold for the 10,000 metres again, as well as taking bronze at the 3,000 metres. In August 1991, she won gold in the 10,000 metres at the World Championships in Tokyo, Japan. In November of that year at the New York City Marathon, her first marathon, she won with a time of 2:27.23, beating the record for a debut marathon by three minutes. In 1992, she won the inaugural World Half Marathon Championships, where she also helped the British team claim the silver medal in the team competition. Later that year, she won the Tokyo International Women's Marathon. In 1996, she won theLondon Marathon with a time of 2 hours, 27 minutes and 54 seconds. McColgan retired from competing in August 2001 when she fractured a bone in her foot while training for selection for the 2002 Commonwealth Games. However she returned in 2004 to win the Scottish Indoor Championships 3000 metres (in 9:31). In 2007, she ran the London Marathon, finishing 25th in 2:50:38. She also completed the 2010 New York Marathon in 3:10:54. In 1987 she married Northern Irish athlete Peter McColgan; they have five children. The eldest, Eilish, won the 2004 British cross country championships in her age-group, was ranked top in Scotland over 800 metres and 1500 metres in her age-group and competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 3000 metres steeplechase. The couple separated in November 2010. On 18 January 2014, McColgan was married to John Nuttall. In December 1991, McColgan appeared on This Is Your Life and was voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year. She was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1992 and inducted to the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame in 2004. To make your own nomination download the nomination form here",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; September 17 of what year saw the Constitutional Convention adopt the US Constitution?",
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"content": "United States Constitutional Convention Woman (to Benjamin Franklin): \"Well, Doctor, what have we got - a Republic or a Monarchy?\" Benjamin Franklin: \"A Republic, if you can keep it.\" -McHenry, The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787 Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States, Oil on Canvas, Howard Chandler Christy The hundred day debate known as the Constitutional Convention was one of the most momentous occurrences in United States Constitutional History, and the events that would take place in the Pennsylvania State House during that time would set the United States on the course towards becoming a true Constitutional Republic. The Constitutional Convention took place from May 14 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The point of the event was decide how America was going to be governed.Although the Convention had been officially called to revise the existing Articles of Confederation, many delegates had much bigger plans. Men like James Madison and Alexander Hamilton wanted to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. 70 Delegates had been appointed by the original states to attend the Constitutional Convention, but only 55 were able to be there. Rhode Island was the only state to not send any delegates at all. As history played out, the result of the Constitutional Convention was the United States Constitution, but it wasn't an easy path. The drafting process was grueling. They wanted the supreme law of the United States to be perfect. The first two months of the Convention saw fierce debate over the 15 points of the \" Virginia Plan \" which had been proposed by Madison as an upgrade to the Articles of Confederation. Yet, the \"Committee of the Whole\" couldn't agree on anything. So, on July 24 of that year, the Committee of Detail was enacted to handle the drafting process. The United States (U.S.) Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787 with 39 signatures before being distributed to the States for ratification. The Committee of Detail The Committee of Detail , headed by John Rutledge (nicknamed Dictator John), was in charge of drafting the Constitution. Other members included Edmund Randolph, Oliver Ellsworth, James Wilson, and Nathaniel Gorham. Other than Gorham, the committee members had all been respected lawyers, and would go on to become leading legal figures in the new government (Randolph would be the first attorney general, while Rutledge, Ellsworth and Wilson would become Supreme Court justices). John Rutledge (May 27, 1738 - June 11, 1796) 14th President of the United States under the Articles of Confederation Helped draft the Massachusetts Constitution \"Any person chosen governor, or lieutenant-governor, counsellor, senator, or representative, and accepting the trust, shall before he proceed to execute the duties of his place or office, take, make and subscribe the following declaration, viz. 'I, __________, do declare, that I believe the Christian religion, and have a firm persuasion of its truth.' \" George Washington and the First Draft of the Constitution George Washington's Annotated First Draft of the United States (US) Constitution The United States Constitution was drafted by the Committee of Detail, who used bits and pieces from original Virginia Plan, the decisions of the Constitutional Convention on modifications to that plan, along with other sources including the Articles of Confederation, to produce the first full draft. From August 6 to September 10, the report of the Committee of Detail was discussed, section-bysection, and clause-by-clause. The most famous copies of this early draft are the ones annotated by President George Washington. This draft of the Constitution displays Washington's handwritten notes in pencil, recording the Convention's handling of each proposed clause. Official Report of the United States (US) Constitution by the Committee of Style Once this phase of the Convention had ended, on September 10, a Co",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which prophetess, the daughter of Priam, King of Troy, was killed following the fall of Troy by Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra?",
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"content": "SparkNotes: Agamemnon: Characters SparkNotes Overall Summary Lines 1-257 Agamemnon - The King of Argos, the husband of Clytemnestra, and the commander of the Greek armies during the siege of Troy. Agamemnon is the older brother of Menelaus, whose wife Helen was stolen by a Trojan prince, thus igniting a decade-long war. A great warrior, he sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia in order to obtain a favorable wind to carry the Greek fleet to Troy. During the ten-year conflict, his Queen has plotted his death in order to avenge the killing of their daughter. He appears on stage only briefly, and behaves arrogantly. He goes to his death unaware of his fate. Clytemnestra - The play's protagonist, Clytemnestra is Agamemnon's wife and has ruled Argos in his absence. She plans his murder with ruthless determination, and feels no guilt after his death; she is convinced of her own rectitude and of the justice of killing the man who killed her daughter. She is, a sympathetic character in many respects, but the righteousness of her crime is tainted by her entanglement with Aegisthus. Even so, Aeschylus makes it clear that Agamemnon's death must be avenged. Chorus - The elder citizens of Argos, who were too old to fight in the Trojan War. They serve as advisors to Queen Clytemnestra during Agamemnon's absence, and provide commentary on the action of the play. Their speeches provide the background for the action, for they foreshadow the King's death when they describe the events of the Trojan War and discuss the dangers of human pride. Cassandra - A Trojan priestess, captured by Agamemnon and carried to Argos as his slave and mistress. She was Apollo's lover. Apollo gave her the gift of prophecy, but when she refused to bear him a child, he punished her by making all around her disbelieve her predictions. She sees the ancestral curse afflicting Agamemnon's family, and predicts both his death and her own, as well as the vengeance brought by Orestes in the next play. Aegisthus - Agamemnon's cousin, and Clytemnestra's lover. His father and Agamemnon's father were rivals for the throne. Agamemnon's father boiled two of his rival's children--Aegisthus' brothers--and served them to him for dinner. Since that time, Aegisthus has been in exile awaiting a chance to seek revenge for the terrible crime. The Watchman - The man assigned to watch for the signal of Troy's fall from the roof of the palace. He is joyful at his king's return, but also is gripped with a sense of foreboding. The Herald - He brings the Chorus news of Agamemnon's safe homecoming. An ardent patriot, he is ecstatic to see the home he thought he had left forever and provides vivid descriptions of the horrors of the war against Troy. More Help",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What did the Romans call Ireland?",
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"content": "History Ireland Published in Features , Issue 2 (Summer 1996) , Pre-history / Archaeology , Pre-Norman History , Volume 4 Emperor Claudius – invaded Britain in AD43. A number of areas are worth exploring in this regard: not only the possibility of a Roman invasion of Ireland but also Roman geographical knowledge and perceptions of Ireland and Roman attitudes to their empire generally. Whilst debates about an invasion of Ireland, however fascinating, may always be inconclusive, it is ironic—Roman perceptions of space and power being what they were—that Rome did not need to set foot in Ireland in order to claim imperium over it. Greek geographers First we must establish Ireland’s place in the Roman world in geographical terms. The first known geographer to mention Ireland is the Greek Pytheas of Massilia, who, according to a later historian Polybius, made a journey in which he at least visited Britain. Whether he landed in Ireland we do not know, but we can be confident that he learned of its existence. It is possible that later authors, principally Strabo and Diodorus Siculus, used the work of Pytheas as a source for their writings. Diodorus Siculus, a first-century author writing in Greek, mentions an island in the north on which there was a magnificent spherical shrine to the god Apollo, adorned with many votive offerings. It has been suggested that this may have been Navan, which had been visited in the second century BC by a Greek or Phoenician traveller. This individual brought a gift of a barbary ape, the remains of which have been found at the site. It is not until the works of Latin authors mention Ireland that we receive a clearer picture. There is no doubt that the Romans knew of the existence of ‘Hibernia’, long before any direct contact, as the Greeks did of ‘Ierne’, their name for Ireland. Better knowledge was prompted by better communication, mainly as a result of trade. The later, and probably most famous of early geographers, Claudius Ptolemy, also notes that the ports and coasts of Ireland were well-known by traders. Fig 1. Strabo’s view of Western Europe – claimed that Ireland was ‘barely habitable on account of the cold’ Caesar The first Roman writer to refer to Ireland is Julius Caesar, in his account of his campaigns in Gaul, which was probably published around 50 BC. Caesar considered Ireland to be two-thirds the size of Britain, from which it was separated by a strait of equal width to that between Britain and Gaul. Pliny the Elder merely tells us that it was the same breadth as Britain, but two hundred miles shorter, adding that the shortest route by sea to Ireland was thirty miles. In the period between these two authors, Strabo wrote a vast work of geography on more ethnographical lines concerning the ‘inhabited world’. He placed Ireland north of Britain, on the limits of the known world, and claimed that it was ‘barely habitable on account of the cold’. (See fig.1) He generously considered the inhabitants more savage than the Britons, since they are man-eaters as well as heavy-eaters, and since they count it an honourable thing when their fathers die to devour them, and openly to have intercourse not only with other women, but with their mothers and sisters as well; but I say this only with the understanding that I have no trustworthy witnesses for it. Another author, Pomponius Mela, echoed the theme that the Irish were more savage than any other race. He also notes that Ireland was unsuitable for growing wheat, but was so rich in grass that cattle would burst from eating too much if unrestrained. The lack of arable farming seems to be borne out by pollen records which suggest a decrease in agricultural activity between 100 BC and AD 200. Solinus, who wrote in the third century AD and who may have depended on the work of Pliny and Mela, claimed that the Irish were an inhospitable race, but incidentally is the first to refer to the lack of snakes before the arrival of Patrick. The fifth century writer Orosius describes Ireland as being inhabited by the Scoti, and indeed surpassing Britain in clim",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the correct name for the shoulder blade",
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"content": "Shoulder Joint - Anatomy Pictures and Information Home > Skeletal System > Bones of the Arm and Hand > Shoulder Joint Shoulder Joint The most flexible joint in the entire human body, our shoulder joint is formed by the union of the humerus, the scapula (or shoulder blade), and the clavicle (or collarbone). Commonly thought of as a single joint, the shoulder is actually made up of two separate joints - the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints. These two joints work together to allow the arm both to circumduct in a large circle and to rotate around its axis at the shoulder. The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket joint formed between the articulation of the rounded head of the humerus (the upper arm bone) and the cup-like depression of the scapula, called the glenoid fossa.... Move up/down/left/right: Click compass arrows Rotate image: Click and drag in any direction, anywhere in the frame Identify objects: Click on them in the image Shoulder Joint, Posterior (Back) Full Shoulder Joint Description [Continued from above] . . . The glenoid fossa forms a very shallow socket, so the muscles, ligaments, and cartilage of the shoulder joint reinforce its structure and help to prevent dislocations. A ring of cartilage known as the labrum surrounds the glenoid fossa to extend the size of the socket while maintaining flexibility. To further reinforce the shoulder, the four muscles of the rotator cuff extend from the scapula and surround the head of the humerus to both rotate the arm and prevent dislocation. The acromioclavicular joint is formed by an articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. It is a flat, gliding joint that gives the shoulder joint additional flexibility that would not be possible with just the glenohumeral joint. Although both of these joints are held together by extensive ligament and muscle attachments, certain types of force can easily weaken the shoulder. The shoulder joint is vulnerable to dislocations from sudden jerks of the arm, especially in children before strong muscles have developed. Dislocation of the shoulder is extremely painful and may require surgical repair or even cause permanent damage. Chronic or acute wear and tear on the glenohumeral joint can lead to the painful tearing of the tendons of the rotator cuff or a torn labrum. Both of these conditions are very painful and may require surgery to remove or reattach the torn tissue. Prepared by Tim Taylor, Anatomy and Physiology Instructor",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Just do it is the slogan of which company?",
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"content": "The Stories Behind 6 Famous Slogans | Mental Floss The Stories Behind 6 Famous Slogans Image credit: Like us on Facebook Though some of the greatest advertising slogans in history seem relatively simple (\"Just Do It\" is only three words, after all), most of the time, they're anything but. Here's how six of the most enduring taglines came to be. 1. “Just Do It.” The famous Nike slogan came from a rather unlikely source - spree killer Gary Gilmore, who received the death penalty for murdering two people in Utah in July, 1976. Just before a firing squad did their duty, Gilmore was asked if he had any last words. “Let’s do it,” he simply said. When Dan Wieden of Wieden+Kennedy was tapped to create a tagline for Nike a decade later, something about Gilmore’s words just seemed to fit. “Let’s” was changed to “Just” to add a dash of emphasis. 2. “Good to the Last Drop.” Maxwell House has a pretty neat story for this one. They claim that while Teddy Roosevelt was visiting Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage in 1907, he insisted on taking a cup of coffee where Old Hickory once enjoyed his meals, saying, “I must have the privilege of saying that I have eaten at General Jackson's table.” As the story goes, after thoroughly enjoying his joe, Teddy smacked his lips and declared that the stuff was “good to the last drop.” Some years later, the coffee giant decided the slogan was a double win - it was a catchy phrase, but it also provided celebrity endorsement. That being said, there’s a pretty good chance that the whole tale is just a pretty good bit of PR. The Theodore Roosevelt Association, however, claims they know of a credible witness who verified the whole conversation. More from mental_floss writer Bill DeMain: A few tidbits about Maxwell House – A Nashville Banner article from 1907 quoted Teddy Roosevelt as saying of that famous cup of coffee: “This is the kind of stuff I like to drink, by George, when I hunt bears.” Nothing about “good to the last drop.” Though maybe that phrase didn’t sound as quotable back then. Regardless, it was a big deal to have the president enjoying your brand of coffee, and in the days after Roosevelt’s visit, three different coffee companies in Nashville ran ads in the Banner claiming it was their java, not Maxwell House’s, that Teddy liked. Finally, though Maxwell House started using the “good to the last drop” slogan in print ads around 1917, they waited until long after Roosevelt was dead before they started using his name and image in their ads. 3. “A Diamond is Forever.” I wish I was one of those people who went to bed with a problem and woke up with the solution in my head. I’m not, but apparently copywriter Frances Gerety was, because she said the famous De Beers slogan came to her in a dream in 1947. It’s certainly enduring - the tagline has been a De Beers mainstay ever since. Advertising Age even named it the best slogan of the 20th century . 4. “We try harder.” This one is a rare moment of truth in advertising, according to Time magazine. When given the difficult task of making Avis seem appealing - Hertz had a firm lock on the top rental car spot in the U.S. - famed copywriter Bill Bernbach asked company president Robert Townsend why he thought anyone would use his company. “We try harder,” Townsend decided, and a slogan was born. 5. “I People weren’t exactly in a New York state of mind in 1977. Tourism was down, the city was getting a reputation for being dirty, and Deputy Commissioner of the NY State Department of Commerce William Doyle decided to do something about it. He requested a catchy ad campaign to boost tourism, and man, did he get one. Respected designer Milton Glaser created the iconic image thinking it would just be part of a quick, three-month campaign. He had no idea it would still be in use years later, even becoming a rallying cry after 9/11. The kicker: he did the work pro bono. 6. “That was Easy.” It would be nice if real life worked like the Staples ads: when you’re overwhelmed with work, chores, or life in general, all you have to do is push a button and some inventive and",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The okta is a unit used by meteorologists to measure which aspect of the weather?",
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"content": "BBC - KS3 Bitesize Geography - Weather and climate : Revision, Page 3 Humidity (amount of water vapour in the air) Sunshine Temperature is measured in Celsius (°C) using a thermometer [thermometer : An instrument used to measure temperature.] . The thermometer must be shaded from direct sunlight and should have air circulating around it. The thermometers can be placed in a Stevenson Screen. This is a wooden box with slatted sides, a sloping roof and legs to keep the screen off the ground. It is painted white to reflect the sun. Precipitation [precipitation: Moisture that falls from the air to the ground. Includes rain, snow, hail, sleet, drizzle, fog, and mist.] is measured using a rain gauge. This is a funnel inside a graduated container [graduated container: An object that holds fluids with a measuring scale up the side. These may be used for measuring rainfall amounts.] . The depth of the rain in millimetres can be read from the side of the container. Wind direction is reported by the direction it is blowing from, according to the compass. Wind blowing from the west is travelling eastwards so is called a westerly wind, not an easterly wind. Wind speed can be measured using an anemometer [anemometer: A device for measuring wind speed.] . The strength of the wind is measured on the Beaufort scale. Beaufort scale Next Cloud cover is measured in units called oktas [oktas: A unit used to express the extent of cloud cover. It is equal to one-eighth of the area of the sky. ] . Each okta represents one eighth of the sky covered by cloud. Air pressure. Air is light but because there is so much of it above us, it exerts a pressure on us. Air pressure is measured by a barometer. The units used are millibars. The greater the reading, the higher the pressure. A high-pressure system is called an anticyclone [anticyclone: High pressure systems, giving clear skies and gentle wind.] . Air falls in an anticyclone so no clouds are formed. In summer, high pressure usually results in clear skies, gentle breezes and fine weather. In winter high pressure leads to clear skies and colder conditions. An area of low pressure is called a depression [depression: In meteorological terms, a depression is an area of low air pressure. ] . Air rises in a depression so clouds and rainfall are formed. Depressions therefore bring unsettled weather and rain. Winds are normally stronger. They usually form over the Atlantic Ocean and are carried across Britain by westerly winds. Page",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was the President of the USA on 1st. January 1800?",
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"content": "Presidential Elections - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Presidential Elections A+E Networks Introduction Departing from the monarchical tradition of Britain, the founding fathers of the United States created a system in which the American people had the power and responsibility to select their leader. Under this new order, George Washington, the first U.S. president, was elected in 1789. At the time, only white men who owned property could vote, but the 15th, 19th and 26th Amendments to the Constitution have since expanded the right of suffrage to all citizens over 18. Taking place every four years, presidential campaigns and elections have evolved into a series of fiercely fought, and sometimes controversial, contests, now played out in the 24-hour news cycle.The stories behind each election—some ending in landslide victories, others decided by the narrowest of margins—provide a roadmap to the events of U.S. history. Google 1789: George Washington – unopposed The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. No one contested the election of George Washington , but he remained reluctant to run until the last minute, in part because he believed seeking the office would be dishonorable. Only when Alexander Hamilton and others convinced him that it would be dishonorable to refuse did he agree to run. The Constitution allowed each state to decide how to choose its presidential electors. In 1789, only Pennsylvania and Maryland held elections for this purpose; elsewhere, the state legislatures chose the electors. This method caused some problems in New York , which was so divided between Federalists who supported the new Constitution and Antifederalists who opposed it that the legislature failed to choose either presidential electors or U.S. senators. Before the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment, each elector cast two votes for president. The candidate with a majority won the presidency, and the runner-up became vice president. Most Federalists agreed that John Adams should be vice president. But Hamilton feared that if Adams was the unanimous choice, he would end in a tie with Washington and might even become president, an outcome that would be highly embarrassing for both Washington and the new electoral system. Hamilton therefore arranged that a number of votes be deflected, so that Adams was elected by less than half the number of Washington’s expected unanimous vote. The final results were Washington, 69 electoral votes; Adams, 34; John Jay , 9; John Hancock , 4; and others, 22. 1792: George Washington – unopposed As in 1789, persuading George Washington to run was the major difficulty in selecting a president in 1792. Washington complained of old age, sickness, and the increasing hostility of the Republican press toward his administration. The press attacks were symptomatic of the increasing split within the government between Federalists, who were coalescing around Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, and Republicans, forming around Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson . James Madison , among others, convinced Washington to continue as president by arguing that only he could hold the government together. Speculation then shifted to the vice presidency. Hamilton and the Federalists supported the reelection of John Adams. Republicans favored New York governor George Clinton, but Federalists feared him partly because of a widespread belief that his recent election to the governorship was fraudulent. In addition, the Federalists feared that Clinton would belittle the importance of the federal government by retaining his governorship while serving as vice president. Adams won relatively easily with support from New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, except New York. Only electoral votes are recorded here, because most states still did not select presidential electors by popular vote. Nor was there a separate vote for president and vice president until the Twelfth Amendment took effect in 1804. The results were Washington, 132 electoral votes (unanimous); Adams, 77; Clinton, 50; Jefferson,",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Whose comic characters include 'Gareth Cheeseman', 'Tony Ferrino' and 'Tommy Saxondale'?",
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"content": "Coogan's Run - TVerie TVerie Follow! Coogan's Run was a 1995 UK TV series featuring Steve Coogan as a series of odd characters living in the fictional town of Ottle. It was written by various people including Coogan, Patrick Marber, David Tyler, Graham Linehan, Arthur Mathews, Geoffrey Perkins and Henry Normal. The series consists of six self-contained stories, although Coogan's characters from the other episodes in the series make occasional cameo appearances. Rated with 7/10 by 3 users 1 Steve Coogan - The Inside Story An unconventional look at the best of Steve Coogan's television work and character comedy. With classic archive moments and some rarely seen early appearances, this one-hour special includes interviews with well-known faces who have collaborated with Steve, and others who are simply fans of Alan Partridge, Paul and Pauline Calf, Tony Ferrino and Tommy Saxondale - to name only a few of his great comic creations. Along with Julia Davis, Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer also appear in several guises to give the inside scoop on what it's like to work with Steve Coogan - while Steve himself appears as his Irish auntie Peggy and Mickey Gold - his first showbiz agent. Narrated by Mark Williams. Episode 1 Get Calf Paul Calf is a jobless Manchester City fan, whose main job in life is to get drunk, get off with as many girls as possible, and to fight the local \"poncy students.\" 2 Dearth of a Salesman Gareth Cheeseman's mind is a bomb, nothing can stand in his way. In the coporate jungle he is - truly - a tiger. With only three days of the Microsell '95 conference to clinch the deal that will elevate him to the Diamond club of supersalesman, hard-selling Gareth will do anything - truly - to pull the big one.... Believe it. 3 Handyman for All Seasons It's the 1960s and whether it be a slow-running clock, a broken church-door, or even a steel-coated anchorpin, local Ottle handyman Ernest Moss can fix it and have it running \"tickety-boo\" in no time. He and his faithful sidekick Robin run a simple handyman service for the people of Ottle. But Ernest is a tad concerned when slimy property developer Francis Burgoyne and his sultry partner Valerie come to town, offering to develop Ottle into a new, state-of-the-art housing community. Ernest is not afraid of the future, and is well aware that by 1980 everyone will have their own personal hovercraft, but he doesn't trust Burgoyne one bit. However Ernest is having his own problems, as everything he puts back together lately seems to be falling apart. Is Ernest really learning his marbles or is there more to Burgoyne's houses of the future than meets the eye? 4 Thursday Night Fever Mike Crystal is an all-round performer at a cabaret club. He wants his own night, but his boss won't give it to him. In order to get a better slot, he invents an alter-ego- tough Cockney agent Clint Stallone. He gets himself in a mes, however when the boss sends someone to get photographs of Clint doing something incriminating. He is photographed with his own girlfriend, but dressed as Clint. Mike is informed off this and he stupidly arranges a fight to take place at the office of said boss. He shouts at himself and smashes a window, claiming that Clint ran off. Mike gets a job releasing a new record by the Wurzels, who are at a ceremony presented by Mike. He pre-recorded a tape of Clint, claiming that he was dying of cancer. 5 Natural Born Quizzers The mad trivia obsessed Crump brothers, Stuart and Guy went to a remand centre in 1975 after losing a childrens quiz show, which compelled them to burn the TV studio down, killing one of the twin siters who won the quiz show. Twenty years later, they kidnapped their therapist while he was suffering from piles and escaped from jail. They then got the surviving sister from the quiz show, Cathy Briggs who is a policewoman and threatened to detonate a bomb unless they could reconstruct the quiz show on live TV from a multi-storey car park which is where the studios once stood. They drove to the house of the quiz show host, Jeremy Monkhead only to find out that",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; According to the nursery rhyme, what did Little Jack Horner pull from his pie?",
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"content": "Little Jack Horner | Nursery Rhymes from Mother Goose He put in his thumb, And pulled out a plum, And said “What a good boy am I!” The 1725 version: Now he sings of Jacky Horner Sitting in the Chimney-corner Putting in his thumb, Oh Fie Putting in, Oh Fie! his Thumb Pulling out, Oh Strange! a Plum. Carey's Satirical Poem Henry Carey wrote this nursery rhyme (the version of 1725) as a satirical poem. The target for his satire was Ambrose Philips, also a poet and writer. The mocking was motivated by jealousy, because Philips enjoyed being patronized by wealthy aristocrats. His poems that are sometimes called ‘infantile’ were in fact enjoyed and admired by many precisely because of their simplicity. Jack Horner, however, has been ever since associated with opportunism. The Manor in a Pie Another interpretation of this nursery rhyme was created in the nineteenth century. According to this, the story of Little Jack Horner is about Thomas Horner, who was a contemporary of King Henry VIII. He served blessed Richard Whiting, the head of the monastery in Glastonbury, England. Whiting sent Horner to Henry VIII with a big Christmas pie, inside of which were hidden the deeds to twelve manors. He tried to save the monastery with this act, as Henry VIII had broken off from the Catholic Church, was closing monasteries, and seizing their properties. During the journey Horner stole one of the deeds, the deed to the manor in Mells, and afterwards became the owner of it. Even though Henry VIII got the remaining eleven manors, he didn’t spare the monastery. It was also closed down, Whiting was accused of treason and executed.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Jamie Foxx won an Oscar for playing which man in a 2004 film?",
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"content": "Jamie Foxx 'in the running' to play Frank Sinatra - Telegraph Celebrity news Jamie Foxx 'in the running' to play Frank Sinatra Jamie Foxx, the African-American actor, singer and comedian, has been named as a potential contender for the role of Frank Sinatra in Martin Scorcese's biopic of the entertainer. Foxx won an Oscar for his portrayal of Ray Charles Photo: AP 4:24AM BST 18 May 2009 Foxx, who won a Best Actor Oscar for his portrayal of Ray Charles in the 2004 film Ray, reportedly considered to be \"perfect\" for the role. If he is chosen for the part, it will be one of the most prominent examples of \"colour-blind\" casting in Hollywood history. Also in the running are George Clooney, Leonardo di Caprio, Harry Connick Jnr and Justin Timberlake. But an unnamed source told the Daily Express: \"Cool is colour-blind. Jamie would seem to be born to the role.\" \"Magnificent singing voice, totally convincing acting ability, like Frank himself, born the wrong side of the tracks, rags to riches, makes it big against the odds, has his brushes with authority. The guy's a gift.\" Foxx, 41, rose to prominence in 1999 in Oliver Stone's Any Given Sunday. He also boasts has a string of hit albums. He was adopted as a baby by his grandparents and raised a strict Baptist in a racially-segregated Texan community. Sinatra, who was raised in New Jersey by Italian immigrants, also shot to fame despite a hard upbringing during the Great Depression. Scorcese finally won the rights to make the film of Sinatra's life after years of negotiations with his family. Sinatra died in 1998 aged 82.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The group 'Abba' was formed in which European capital city in 1971?",
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"content": "ABBA on Apple Music To preview a song, mouse over the title and click Play. Open iTunes to buy and download music. Biography The most commercially successful pop group of the 1970s, the origins of the Swedish superstars ABBA dated back to 1966, when keyboardist and vocalist Benny Andersson, a onetime member of the popular beat outfit the Hep Stars, first teamed with guitarist and vocalist Bjorn Ulvaeus, the leader of the folk-rock unit the Hootenanny Singers. The two performers began composing songs together and handling session and production work for Polar Music/Union Songs, a publishing company owned by Stig Anderson, himself a prolific songwriter throughout the 1950s and 1960s. At the same time, both Andersson and Ulvaeus worked on projects with their respective girlfriends: Ulvaeus had become involved with vocalist Agnetha Faltskog, a performer with a recent number one Swedish hit, \"I Was So in Love,\" under her belt, while Andersson began seeing Anni-Frid Lyngstad, a one-time jazz singer who rose to fame by winning a national talent contest. In 1971, Faltskog ventured into theatrical work, accepting the role of Mary Magdalene in a Swedish production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Jesus Christ Superstar; her cover of the musical's \"Don't Know How to Love Him\" became a significant hit. The following year, the duo of Andersson and Ulvaeus scored a massive international hit with \"People Need Love,\" which featured Faltskog and Lyngstad on backing vocals. The record's success earned them an invitation to enter the Swedish leg of the 1973 Eurovision song contest, where, under the unwieldy name of Bjorn, Benny, Agnetha & Frida, they submitted \"Ring Ring,\" which proved extremely popular with audiences but placed only third in the judges' ballots. The next year, rechristened ABBA (a suggestion from Stig Anderson and an acronym of the members' first names), the quartet submitted the single \"Waterloo,\" and became the first Swedish act to win the Eurovision competition. The record proved to be the first of many international hits, although the group hit a slump after their initial success as subsequent singles failed to chart. In 1975, however, ABBA issued \"S.O.S.,\" a smash not only in America and Britain but also in non-English speaking countries such as Spain, Germany and the Benelux nations, where the group's success was fairly unprecedented. A string of hits followed, including \"Mamma Mia,\" \"Fernando,\" and \"Dancing Queen\" (ABBA's sole U.S. chart-topper), further honing their lush, buoyant sound; by the spring of 1976, they were already in position to issue their first Greatest Hits collection. ABBA's popularity continued in 1977, when both \"Knowing Me, Knowing You\" and \"The Name of the Game\" dominated airwaves. The group also starred in the feature film ABBA -- The Movie, which was released in 1978. That year Andersson and Lyngstad married, as had Ulvaeus and Faltskog in 1971, although the latter couple separated a few months later; in fact, romantic suffering was the subject of many songs on the quartet's next LP, 1979's Voulez-Vous. Shortly after the release of 1980s Super Trouper, Andersson and Lyngstad divorced as well, further straining the group dynamic; The Visitors, issued the following year, was the final LP of new ABBA material, and the foursome officially disbanded after the December 1982 release of their single \"Under Attack.\" Although all of the group's members soon embarked on new projects -- both Lyngstad and Faltskog issued solo LPs, while Andersson and Ulvaeus collaborated with Tim Rice on the musical Chess -- none proved as successful as the group's earlier work, largely because throughout much of the world, especially Europe and Australia, the ABBA phenomenon never went away. Repackaged hits compilations and live collections continued hitting the charts long after the group's demise, and new artists regularly pointed to the quartet's inspiration: while the British dance duo Erasure released a covers collection, ABBA-esque, an Australian group called Bjorn Again found success as ABBA impersonators. In 1993,",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the theme song for the film Trainspotting",
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"content": "Trainspotting [Original Soundtrack] - Original Soundtrack | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic Trainspotting [Original Soundtrack] google+ AllMusic Review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine Trainspotting concerns the adventures of a group of young, nearly criminal, drug-addicted Scottish friends. The novel, written by Irvine Welsh, became one of the most popular books in the British indie scene in the early '90s and was adapted to film in 1996 by the makers of Shallow Grave. Appropriately, an all-star collection of British pop and techno stars -- everyone from Blur , Pulp , and Elastica to Leftfield , Primal Scream , and Underworld -- contributed to the soundtrack, which also features a couple of oldies by veteran punk godfathers like Lou Reed (\"Perfect Day\") and Iggy Pop (\"Lust for Life,\" \"Nightclubbing\"). The entire soundtrack holds together surprisingly well, as the techno tracks balance with the pop singles. Every song, whether it's Pulp 's deceptively bouncy \"Mile End\" or Brian Eno 's lush \"Deep Blue Day,\" is quite melancholy, creating an effectively bleak, but oddly romantic, atmosphere for the entire record. With the exception of the oldies, every song is rare or especially recorded for the soundtrack, and nearly every one is superb. Primal Scream 's title track sees them returning to the dub/dance experiments of Screamadelica with grace, while Damon Albarn 's first solo song, \"Closet Romantic,\" is as good as any of Blur 's waltzes. But the finest new song is Pulp 's \"Mile End,\" with its jaunty, neo-dancehall melody and rhythms and Jarvis Cocker 's evocative, haunting lyrics. That song, more than anything else on the soundtrack, captures the feeling of the film. Track Listing",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The three basic types of rock are – igneous, metamorphic and which other?",
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"content": "The 3 basic rock types Ask GeoMan... What are the 3 basic types of rocks? Just as any person can be put into one of two main categories of human being, all rocks can be put into one of three fundamentally different types of rocks. They are as follows: Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are crystalline solids which form directly from the cooling of magma. This is an exothermic process (it loses heat) and involves a phase change from the liquid to the solid state. The earth is made of igneous rock - at least at the surface where our planet is exposed to the coldness of space. Igneous rocks are given names based upon two things: composition (what they are made of) and texture (how big the crystals are). Click here for more on igneous rock composition and texture. Click here for more on elements and minerals common in igneous rocks. Click here for more on magma and igneous rocks. Click here for more on plate tectonics and the formation of magma. Click here for a chart summarizing the main divisions of igneous rocks. Click here for more on basalt and granite. Sedimentary Rocks In most places on the surface, the igneous rocks which make up the majority of the crust are covered by a thin veneer of loose sediment, and the rock which is made as layers of this debris get compacted and cemented together. Sedimentary rocks are called secondary, because they are often the result of the accumulation of small pieces broken off of pre-existing rocks. There are three main types of sedimentary rocks: Clastic: your basic sedimentary rock. Clastic sedimentary rocks are accumulations of clasts: little pieces of broken up rock which have piled up and been \"lithified\" by compaction and cementation. Chemical: many of these form when standing water evaporates, leaving dissolved minerals behind. These are very common in arid lands, where seasonal \"playa lakes\" occur in closed depressions. Thick deposits of salt and gypsum can form due to repeated flooding and evaporation over long periods of time . Organic: any accumulation of sedimentary debris caused by organic processes. Many animals use calcium for shells, bones, and teeth. These bits of calcium can pile up on the seafloor and accumulate into a thick enough layer to form an \"organic\" sedimentary rock. Click here for more on sedimentary processes and rocks (RCC). Click here for more on sedimentary rocks (GPHS). Metamorphic Rocks The metamorphics get their name from \"meta\" (change) and \"morph\" (form). Any rock can become a metamorphic rock. All that is required is for the rock to be moved into an environment in which the minerals which make up the rock become unstable and out of equilibrium with the new environmental conditions. In most cases, this involves burial which leads to a rise in temperature and pressure. The metamorphic changes in the minerals always move in a direction designed to restore equilibrium. Common metamorphic rocks include slate, schist, gneiss, and marble. Click here for more on metamorphic processes and rocks (RCC). Click here for more on metamorphic rocks (GPHS).",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The largest sub-species of brown bear takes its name from which archipelago off Alaska?",
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"content": "The 4 Largest Bears Ever Taken by Hunters | OutdoorHub The 4 Largest Bears Ever Taken by Hunters Bernie Barringer Text Polar bears, Kodiak bears, grizzly bears, black bears—hunters have taken some giants over the years. Ever wonder where the biggest bears come from? Here’s the lowdown on where the biggest bears are likely to be found. Some of the locations will surprise you. Bears are some of nature’s most fascinating creatures. I am sure there are many reasons why so many people have more than just a passing interest in them. Who hasn’t been lying in a tent at night when a strange noise suddenly brings the thought of a bear to the front of their consciousness? There are four species of bears in North America, and all of them have killed people; some more than others. That’s just one of the reasons why people get an adrenaline surge when they encounter one. Most bears, of course, won’t hurt you. But they could, and that’s enough. Black bears are the most common bear by far, and a tiny fraction of encounters with black bears have ended with an injury. Contrast that to the polar bear, most of which live out their entire lives without ever seeing a human. To a polar bear, anything that moves is potential food. Both subspecies of the brown bear, the Kodiak and grizzly, are dangerous creatures, though not so much as the polar bear. In some areas, these bears get really big—like as-big-as-a-Volkswagen big. That interests hunters who crave the difficulty of taking the premier specimens of any given species, and it interests those who just thing big bears are amazing creatures. We all seem to be fascinated by things that get really big. The biggest bears have some things going for them. First, they have to live in near-perfect habitat; second, they need to grow old enough to reach peak size; and third, to become a world-record size, they must hit the DNA lottery. They need the right genetic code to grow to outsized proportions. Let’s look at the biggest bears of all four species that have been shot by hunters or found and entered into the Boone and Crockett Records. We can learn some things about where the largest of each of these species can be found. Boone and Crockett scores bears by measuring the size of the skull, an accurate way of judging a bear’s size. Some bears may weigh more than others, but generally the bears with the biggest heads are the biggest bears. The score is simply the greatest length added to the widest portion measured in sixteenths of inches. Kodiak bear Kodiak bears (also known as Alaskan brown bears) are a subspecies of brown bear and are only found on the Kodiak Archipelago in Alaska. The biggest brown bears come from Kodiak Island itself. While bears are found on many islands off Alaska and the Alaskan peninsula, 17 of the top 25 Alaskan brown bears were taken from Kodiak. The world record was bagged by Roy Lindsley in 1952. Its score is 30 12/16. It’s the largest-scoring bear of any speices known. The skull is now owned by the Los Angeles County Museum. The largest specimens of brown bears commonly weigh more than half a ton, which is a predator that will make the knees of the most seasoned hunter shake. Larry Fitzgerald poses with the largest grizzly bear taken by a hunter. It was bagged in 2013 near the Totatlanika River, Alaska. The second- and third-place bears were also taken on Kodiak. Erling Hansen took one in 1961 that scored 30 11/16 and Fred Henton took one in 1938 that scored 30 9/16. Henton’s bear was the world’s record until Lindsley’s harvest overtook it in 1952. The most recent bear in the top 25 was bagged by Thomas Stago in Uyak Bay, Alaska in 2012. Grizzly bear Grizzly bears are another subspecies of brown bear. But while Alaskan brown bears live on the coast, grizzlies live inland and over time have adapted to the the unique environments they live in. These adaptations have led to smaller bears. North American brown bears that aren’t shot in coastal areas are considered grizzlies, and their recorded sizes show it. Seventeen of the top 25 grizzlies were taken in, you guessed it, Al",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; St Luke’s Summer is a name given to exceptionally warm weather in which month?",
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"content": "| What is an Indian Summer? « Woolly Green What is an Indian Summer? Sunday, September 15, 2013 @ 07:09 AM It has been a great summer, so when a little chat came about with Woolly friend @stretchHose wondering whether last week’s warm weather constituted an ‘Indian’ summer, or whether we should look forward to one, we didn’t actually really know. A little Woolly rummaging required. First of all, when is it? The Meteorological Glossary defines it thus: “A warm, calm spell of weather occurring in autumn, especially in October and November.” But that doesn’t necessarily preclude September. It so happens, that the origin of term ‘Indian Summer’ is actually American, referring to a spell of warm weather coming after the first damaging frost of autumn , known as the ‘Squaw Winter’. As a matter of fact, the term ‘Indian Summer’ has only become commonly used in the UK since the 1950s, but, before that, we had a few names for a late spell of warm weather all of our own. Shakespeare referred to the “All Halloween Summer” in Henry IV part I, describing warm weather at the end of October and the dawn of November. (Of course you remembered that didn’t you?!) Later, there were a variety of names given to a late summer, all related to whatever the feast day of the church was at the time. For example, it would have been called ‘St Luke’s Little Summer’ as the feast day of St Luke falls on 18 October, while in mid-November it would be ‘St Martin’s Summer’ as St Martin’s feast day is 11 November. I like this idea, so instead of wondering whether we’re going to have an ‘Indian Summer’ and what it is anyway, we could be looking forward to ‘St Martin’s Summer’ as late as mid-November And it’s great to know that the squaw’s definitely the boss! Image from http://www.pinterest.com/pin/192740059026143928/ wallpaperus.com This entry was posted on Sunday, September 15th, 2013 at 07:15 and is filed under Archive , Useful Info . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response , or trackback from your own site. Leave a Reply",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; William Shatner is the spokesperson for what online discount travel sight?",
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"content": "Priceline.com - Travel, airline tickets, cheap flights, hotels, hotel rooms, rental cars, car rental priceline.com Earned after your first purchase2 5X Earned on eligible priceline.com purchase plus1X Earned on purchases EVERYWHERE ELSE! APPLY NOW! PLUS, BENEFITS THAT MATTER GET 10% POINTS BACK When you redeem points for statement credits towards eligible priceline.com or travel purchases of $25 or more made in the last 120 days. Chip Card Technology Designed to make paying for your purchases more secure at chip-card terminals in the U.S. and abroad. ID Theft Helpline Provides cardmembers with access to a number of services including 24/7 access to certified resolution specialists, credit bureau notification, an ID Theft Affidavit, credit card replacement, and ID Theft Resolution Kit. Price Protection Provides reimbursement if you see a printed advertisement for the same item (manufacturer and model number) for a lower price within 120 days from the date you purchased the eligible item. Warranty Manager Service Offers Extended Warranty Protection which doubles the time period of the original manufacturer's written U.S. repair warranty up to 1 full year on warranties of 3 years or less when you purchase an eligible item entirely with your eligible Visa card. access your fico® score for free Keep on top of your credit score. PLUS, NO FOREIGN TRANSACTION FEES ON PURCHASES MADE WHILE TRAVELING ABROAD.1 The priceline rewards™ Visa® card is issued by Barclays Bank Delaware (Barclaycard). 1Offer subject to credit approval. Benefits will vary depending upon the card for which you are approved. Not everyone will qualify for the Priceline Signature Visa Card. In some instances, you may receive a Visa Platinum Card. This offer is available to new cardmembers only. For information about rates, fees, the Annual Fee, other costs, and the reward program rules (including accrual rate, bonus awards, etc.) and benefits associated with the use of this credit card program please see the Terms & Conditions . 2Please review the Reward Summary for important information about the program benefits and features listed above and the Terms & Conditions for full details about the reward benefits (such as how points are earned), interest rates and account fees and terms for this particular offer before applying. Bonus Points: Five thousand bonus points (5,000) will be awarded at the close of the first billing statement in which you make your first purchase or balance transfer. 5,000 bonus points can be redeemed for statement credits totalling $50 toward purchases of $25 or more that posted in the last 120 days. A balance transfer is subject to the balance transfer fee set forth in the Terms & Conditions . Earning Points: Cardmember(s) earn \"Points\" in the following amounts based upon the types of purchase transactions charged to the Account: a) Earn five (5) points for every dollar spent on all eligible purchases made at priceline.com®. Purchases not eligible will receive one point for every dollar spent using your card which includes: cruise bookings, non-Name Your Own Price ® car reservations, and hotel reservations designated",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Gracie Fields Theatre opened in which town in 1978?",
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"content": "Gracie’s last visit to Rochdale, for the opening of the Gracie Fields Theatre | The Official Gracie Fields The Official Gracie Fields The website for 'The Dame Gracie Fields Appreciation Society' Search Gracie’s last visit to Rochdale, for the opening of the Gracie Fields Theatre Arriving at the Town Hall September 1978 saw the last visit of Gracie to her home town, for the honor of the opening of the Gracie Fields Theatre on September 16th. A hectic schedule included visits to hospitals and schools, charity events and the opening the new shopping centre in the middle of Rochdale. Entertaining school children. I have obliterated a certain persons face, he doesn’t belong in the same photo as our Gracie Gracie was honoured with a luncheon at Manchester Town Hall, where she was presented with a gold disc by Warwick Records, for sales of her record ‘The Golden Years.’ After an appearance on Pebble Mill, alongside Sandy Powell, Gracie and Boris returned to Rochdale. Talking during her visit Talking during her visit The culmination of her visit was a surprise appearance at the end of the opening concert at the Gracie Fields Theatre. Although the audience knew that Gracie was going to be in attendance at the event, it was not known whether or not she would perform. Tickets sold out within minutes of the booking office opening, though complaints were sent to the Rochdale Observer that MPs and dignitaries received 100 free tickets. On stage at the opening of GF theatre Gracie’s performance At the end of the concert, featuring Ben Warris, Sandy Powell and Larry Grayson, Gracie took to the stage. She had been rehearsing with Bert Waller secretly for a number of days at Peacehaven, and at the end of the concert took to the stage for half an hour to sing some of her old favourites. Gracie tried to add ‘Matchstalk Men and Matchstalk Cats and Dogs’, but couldn’t get all the words out.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Sharing it with the surname of a well known football pundit, what is the SI unit of absorbed dose?",
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"content": "Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 31 - StateUniversity.com Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 31 gout - Signs and symptoms, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Stages of gout, Treatment, Diet, Suggestions for pain relief, Additional observations A disorder arising from a raised concentration of uric acid in the blood, which is deposited in the joints and soft tissues leading to recurrent acute attacks of arthritis, classically affecting the big toe, and accumulations of uric acid in the fingers, ear lobes, and kidneys. The cause is unknown, but affected individuals are typically overweight males. Gout (also called metabolic arthrit… Gouverneur Morris - Political career, Personal life and legacy, Sources US statesman and diplomat, born in Morrisania (now part of New York City), New York, USA. Fundamentally conservative, he nevertheless served as a New York delegate to the Continental Congress (17779) and supported the move for independence. Failing to be re-elected, he moved to Philadelphia where he became assistant superintendent of finances under Robert Morris (no relation) and helped plan the… Gozo - Geography, Connection to the Maltese 'Mainland', History, Ecclesiastical history, Sources and external links 36°00N 14°13E; pop (2000e) 28 000 (with Comino); area 67 km²/26 sq mi. Island in the Maltese group, often called the Isle of Calypso; 6 km/4 mi NW of the main island of Malta; coastline, 43 km/27 mi; chief town, Victoria (Rabat); largely given over to agriculture; prehistoric temples, Ta' Pinu church a centre of pilgrimage to the Virgin Mary. Gozo is an island of the Maltese… grace - Religion, Title, Names, Music, Other In Christianity, the free and unmerited assistance or favour or energy or saving presence of God in his dealings with humankind through Jesus Christ. The term has been understood in various ways, eg as prevenient (leading to sanctification), or actual (prompting good actions). Sacraments are recognized as a means of grace, but the manner of their operation and the extent to which humans co-ope… Grace (Anna) Coolidge - Reference US first lady (19239), born in Burlington, Vermont, USA. She taught at a school for deaf children before she married Calvin Coolidge in 1903. Socially active and a lively personality, she was a great asset to her taciturn husband. She was a popular first lady but suffered personally from the tragedy of the death of her younger son from blood poisoning. Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge (January… Grace (Patricia) Kelly - Early life, Career, Life as Princess, Filmography, Trivia Film actress and princess, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. After studying at the American Academy of Dramatic Art, she acted in television and on Broadway, and made her film debut in 1951. Her short but highly successful film career as a coolly elegant beauty included such classics as the Western High Noon (1952), Rear Window (1954), The Country Girl (1954, Oscar), To Catch a Thief (1955)… Grace Abbott Social worker and activist, born in Grand Island, Nebraska, USA. She studied at the universities of Nebraska and Chicago, and in 1908 went to live at Chicago's Hull House to head the Immigrants' Protective League. A writer of forceful articles exposing the exploitation of immigrants, she also campaigned for child labour laws, and as director of the federal Children's Bureau (from 1919) she adminis… Grace Darling - Further Reading Heroine, born in Bamburgh, Northumberland, NE England, UK. She lived with her father, William (17951860), the lighthouse keeper on one of the Farne Islands. On 7 September 1838, she braved raging seas in an open rowing boat to rescue the survivors of the Forfarshire steamboat, which was stranded on one of the other islands in the group. Grace Darling (November 24, 1815–October 20, 1842)… Grace Hartigan - Bibliography Painter, born in Newark, New Jersey, USA. Based in New York City until 1960, she then settled in Baltimore, MD. She was an abstract painter who focused on the human figure, as in River Bathers (1953), and also depicted urban landscapes, as seen",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Which chemical element, a strong, light metal with the atomic number 22 takes it’s name from the Greek for \"\"First Sons On Earth\"\" ?\"",
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"content": "It's Elemental - The Element Titanium It's Elemental Melting Point: 1941 K (1668°C or 3034°F) Boiling Point: 3560 K (3287°C or 5949°F) Density: 4.5 grams per cubic centimeter Phase at Room Temperature: Solid Element Classification: Metal Period Number: 4 Group Number: 4 Group Name: none What's in a name? From the Greek word Titans , the mythological \"first sons of the Earth.\" Say what? Titanium is pronounced as tie-TAY-nee-em. History and Uses: Titanium was discovered in 1791 by the Reverend William Gregor, an English pastor. Pure titanium was first produced by Matthew A. Hunter, an American metallurgist, in 1910. Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the earth's crust and is primarily found in the minerals rutile (TiO2), ilmenite (FeTiO3) and sphene (CaTiSiO5). Titanium makes up about 0.57% of the earth's crust. Titanium is a strong, light metal. It is as strong as steel and twice as strong as aluminum , but is 45% lighter than steel and only 60% heavier than aluminum. Titanium is not easily corroded by sea water and is used in propeller shafts, rigging and other parts of boats that are exposed to sea water. Titanium and titanium alloys are used in airplanes, missiles and rockets where strength, low weight and resistance to high temperatures are important. Since titanium does not react within the human body, it is used to create artificial hips, pins for setting bones and for other biological implants. Unfortunately, the high cost of titanium has limited its widespread use. Titanium oxide (TiO2) is used as a pigment to create white paint and accounts for the largest use of the element. Pure titanium oxide is relatively clear and is used to create titania, an artificial gemstone. Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), another titanium compound, has been used to make smoke screens. A final bit of titanium trivia -- titanium is one of the few elements that will burn in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen . Estimated Crustal Abundance: 5.65×103 milligrams per kilogram Estimated Oceanic Abundance: 1×10-3 milligrams per liter Number of Stable Isotopes: 5 ( View all isotope data ) Ionization Energy: 6.828 eV",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Which English composer wrote \"\"The Planets\"\", \"\"Somerset Rhapsody\"\" and the ballet \"\"The Perfect Fool\"\"?\"",
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"content": "Holst - The Perfect Fool (Ballet Suite), Op 39 - (1/2) - YouTube Holst - The Perfect Fool (Ballet Suite), Op 39 - (1/2) Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Aug 27, 2009 The Planets! Merely the mention of the name Gustav Holst brings to mind one work in most people's minds; 'The Planets'. And, indeed, 'The Planets' is a marvel. However, Holst composed over 200 pieces of beautiful music including Operas, Ballets (this Suite came from Holst's Opera of the same name), Songs, Songs without Words, Choral Works, Symphonies, Chamber Pieces, Choral Hymns... The Perfect Fool, originally written by Holst as an opera for which Holst also wrote the libretto after his friend, playwright, journalist, poet and lyricist, Clifford Bax, brother of composer Arnold Bax, refused to write it. The opera was poorly received by the public and was quickly forgotten. But here, in Holst's reduction of the Opera to a Ballet Suite, Holst took the best of the operatic score and created a beautiful work for Orchestra. All four pieces are rich and full of texture yet minimal enough at just the right times to make the piece come alive for the listener. The story is that of a Wizard who, (in the 1st movement) invokes with trombone, the Spirits of Earth (heard dancing in the 2nd movement); invokes with Viola, the Spirits of Water (heard dancing in the 3rd movement), and, with a climactic unity of the orchestra, the Spirits of Fire (crackling and burning in the 4th movement). Here are the first and second movements, 'Invocation' (Andante) and 'Dance of Spirits of Earth' (Moderato - Andante), respectively, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra with the great Andre Previn at the helm. Enjoy!",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The 1999 autobiography ‘Still Me’ is by which late US actor?",
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"content": "Still Me (Christopher Reeve Homepage) Press Release | Relevant Links | Reviews & Interviews \"When the first Superman movie came out I was frequently asked 'What is a hero?' I remember the glib response I repeated so many times. My answer was that a hero is someone who commits a courageous action without considering the consequences--a soldier who crawls out of a foxhole to drag an injured buddy to safety. And I also meant individuals who are slightly larger than life: Houdini and Lindbergh, John Wayne, JFK, and Joe DiMaggio. Now my definition is completely different. I think a hero is an ordinary individual who finds strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles: a fifteen-year-old boy who landed on his head while wrestling with his brother, leaving him barely able to swallow or speak; Travis Roy, paralyzed in the first thirty seconds of a hockey game in his freshman year at college. These are real heroes, and so are the families and friends who have stood by them.\" The whole world held its breath when Christopher Reeve struggled for life on Memorial Day, 1995. On the third jump of a riding competition, Reeve was thrown headfirst from his horse in an accident that broke his neck and left him unable to move or breathe. In the years since then, Reeve has not only survived, but has fought for himself, for his family, and for the hundreds of thousands of people with spinal cord injuries in the United States and around the world. And he has written Still Me, the heartbreaking, funny, courageous, and hopeful story of his life. Chris describes his early success on Broadway opposite the legendary Katharine Hepburn, the adventure of filming Superman on the streets of New York, and how the movie made him a star. He continued to move regularly between film acting and theater work in New York, Los Angeles, and at the WIlliamstown Theatre Festival in the Berkshires. Reunited with his Bostonians director, James Ivory, in 1992, he traveled to England to work with Emma Thompson and Anthony Hopkins in The Remains of the Day. The man who cannot move has not stopped moving. He has established a charitable foundation to raise awareness and money for research on spinal cord injuries. His work as director of the HBO film In the Gloaming earned him an Emmy nomination, one of five that the film received. His speeches at the Democratic National Convention and the Academy Awards inspired people around the country and the world. He has testified before Congress on behalf of health insurance legislation, lobbied for increased federal funding for spinal cord research, and developed a working relationship with President Clinton. With dignity and sensitivity, he describes the journey he has made--physically, emotionally, spiritually. He explores his complex relationship with his parents, his efforts to remain a devoted husband and father, and his continuing and heroic battle to rebuild his life. This is the determined, passionate story of one man, a gifted actor and star, and how he and his family came to grips with the kind of devastating, unexplainable shock that fate can bring to any of us. Chris and Dana Reeve have gathered the will and the spirit to create a new life, one responsive and engaged and focused on the future. The man who was Superman has written a never-to-be-forgotten story of his life, at once moving, funny and enthralling. Listen to Christopher Reeve read his remarkable memoir in the audiobook version of Still Me. Chris won a Grammy for this audio book in the category of \"Best Spoken Word Album\" in the 1999 Grammy Awards. In the introduction of the audio book Chris says this to show his appreciation for the spoken word, \"The audio book allows me to communicate with you in a very personal way, second only to being in the same room. I am very grateful for the power of the spoken word.\" Please Note: All links to external web pages (i.e. Not within this site) will be opened up in a new Browser Window on top of the Christopher Reeve Homepage. Once you've finished reading the external web page, all you need to do is",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Name the record-breaking $0.5bn development-cost computer game launched to massive publicity in 2014?",
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"content": "April 7, 2014 by The Nation - issuu issuu APC seeks probe of firms on NNPC’s swap deal NEWS Page 5 Newspaper of the Year News ‘Why Ondo poll is inconclusive’ Sports Taye Taiwo unsure of recall Business Wema Bank posts N1.9b profit •Nigeria’s widest circulating newspaper VOL. 9, NO. 2811 MONDAY, APRIL 7, 2014 P24 P60 TR UTH IN DEFENCE OF FREEDOM TRUTH EKITI 2014 P11 N150.00 ON •Monarch, elders disown Fayose’s candidacy •MORE PAGE 8 •APC, PDP disagree over use of stadium by Jonathan •Bamidele to voters: don’t allow ‘foreigners’ to vote Govt: Nigeria’s economy biggest in Africa N IGERIA has “rebased” its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data, which has pushed it above South Africa as the continent’s biggest economy. Now the world’s number 26 economy, the Nigerian GDP, which was last rebased in 1990, has added previously uncounted sectors, such as telecoms, in- From Nduka Chiejina, Abuja formation technology, music, online sales, airlines, and film production. The GDP for 2013 is now estimated at N80.3 trillion (£307.6bn: $509.9bn), the Minister of Finance and Cocoordinating Minister for the Economy, Dr. Ngozi OkonjoIweala, said yesterday. That compares with South Africa’s GDP of $370.3bn at the end of 2013. Nigeria’s Statistician-General, Dr. Yemi Kale, said with the repot, Nigeria is close to being in the league of the top 20 economies by 2020. He said it took the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics (NBS) two years to complete it. The release date was changed three times so as to get the numbers right. The minister said: “Nigeria has moved to be the largest economy by GDP size in Africa and has moved to be the 26th largest economy in the world, it notched 10 points up. On a per capita basis, Nigeria is number 121 in the world so we have the total GDP size of $2,688 per capita now and moved up from 135.” Continued on page 2 Emir: we lost 105 in attack Residents flee community M ORE people may have died in weekend’s attack on Yargaladima village in Dansadau Emirate of Zamfara State. No fewer than 200 –not 70 as earlier thought- died, it was learnt yesterday. The Emir put the figure at 105. The village was invaded by suspected Fulani herdsmen who shot at everybody in sight during a four-hour operation. The attack on Yargaladima in Maru Local Govern- ‘ The attack occurred at about 2pm when the hoodlums, riding on over 100 motorcycles and carrying various guns, including AK 47 rifles, stormed a meeting of a vigilance group and professionals planning how to confront insurgents From Duku Joel, Damaturu ment on Saturday followed a similar one on Burni-Tsaba and Manitsaba communities in Zumi Local Government, last week. The attack occurred at about 2pm when the hoodlums, riding on over 100 mo- Gunmen kill Ogun vigilance leader in church I DHQ probes alleged complicity by commanders From Ernest Nwokolo, Abeokuta T was bloody yesterday at a church in Ijebu-Igbo, Ogun State where unknown gunmen killed a 69-year-old man. Chief Tola Okuneye, a.k.a Ajagajigi, was seated during the service at St. John Anglican Church, Oke-Sopen, in the accient town when five gunmen, who rode in vehicles painted in Lagos commercial yellow colour, stormed the church and shot him. At about 11a.m. The gunmen pretended to be worshippers.When they saw Okuneye, Chairman of the Oodua Peoples Congress (OPC) and Chairman of the Police Community Relations Committee, they shot him in the head and chest. He died on the spot. There was confusion within and outside the church. Gunshots rang out repeatedly. “Many were injured in the ensuing stampede,” a witness said. The assailants fled the scene without taking torcycles and carrying various guns, including AK 47 rifles, stormed a meeting of a vigilance group and professionals planning how to confront insurgents. Police spokesman Lawal Abdullahi said the organisers of such a meeting ought to have informed him to pro- vide security. A survivor of the attack, Mallam Muhamadu Yargaladima, said: “Between yesterday (Saturday) and today, we counted no fewer than 215 bodies.” He added: “Using AK 47 and other rifles, they began to shoot a",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On which river does Derby stand?",
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"content": "River Derwent in Derbyshire River Derwent in Derbyshire Derbyshire and Peak District Rivers River Derwent The River Derwent, some 50 odd miles in length, is the longest river in Derbyshire. Apart from it's short passage through the City of Derby it is a completely rural river, finally joining the River Trent just south of Derby. The Derwent's source is at Swain's Greave on Howden Moor on the flank of Bleaklow Hill. The river Derwent soon flows into the first of 3 large reservoirs , built in the early part of the 20th century to satisfy the growing demand for water from the expanding cities of Derby, Nottingham, Sheffield and Leicester. Howden was the first to be built ( 1901-12 ), Derwent followed ( 1902-16 ) and work then began on the largest, Ladybower, in 1935. It took 10 years to complete ladybower and the historic villages of Derwent and Ashopton were lost in the process. A whole village was created to house the men and their families who had built the early dams, which was colloquially known as 'Tin Town' because of it's corrugated roofs. It's official name was Birchinlee and it housed over 1000 inhabitants at one time. At Mythorn Bridge, the river Derwent is joined by the river Noe which rises on Mam Tor and flows through the Hope Valley. Flowing on between Win Hill and Lose Hill, the Derwent is soon augumented by waters from Crowden, Grinds Brooks and Jaggers Clough. The river flows on to Hathersage and then turns south again to flow in a wide valley flanked by gritstone edges through the villages of Grindleford, Froggatt and Calver before reaching Baslow . At Calver it flows beneath an 18th century bridge. Calver Mill was first built in 1785, utilizing the power of the Derwent, but destroyed by fire and rebuilt in 1805 when it became a thriving cotton mill employing a large number of local people. It finished producing cotton in 1923 and has had a number of uses since then, including the role of Colditz Castle in the television series, Colditz. It has now been developed into modern flats. In Baslow at Bridge End, the river Derwent is spanned by a charming, 17th century, 3 arched bridge, beside which is a little stone shelter built for the toll collector. The river Derwent then flows through the grounds of Chatsworth Park , the home of the Duke of Devonshire, in a beautifully landscaped setting, to be joined by the River Wye at Rowsley , coming in from Bakewell . After passing beneath a 15th century bridge at Darley Dale which carries the road to Winster and then the 4 arched bridge at Matlock, the river carves its way through a ridge of limestone just south of Matlock in order to reach the lower ground to the South. This part of the valley is spectacular, steep-sided, winding and wooded, with high cliffs such as High Tor towering above. Below Rowsley the river valley widens again and passes through the more industrialised area around Darley Dale, to reach Matlock. Here the character of the valley changes abruptly, for the river carves its way through a ridge of limestone in order to reach the lower ground to the South forming some spectacular scenery, the valley now being steep-sided, winding and wooded, with high cliffs such as High Tor towering 350ft above. The river is now flowing through an area known as the Derwent Valley Mills, a nominated World Heritage Site.Starting with Richard Arkwright's pioneering developments at Masson Mill and Cromford mills, expanding down the Derwent Valley by his friends and business partners; Jedediah Strutt at Belper and Milford and Thomas Evans at Darley Abbey . It continues on to Derby, passing Lombe's Silk Mill. Though largely destroyed by fire in 1910, one can still see the massive stone arches that formed the base of the original five-storey building. After passing under road and rail bridges in Derby the river meanders up towards the acetate factory at Spondon , then Borrowash , on it's way to a meeting with the Trent at Great Wilne. Part of the river section here is a considerable nature reserve which attracts a wide variety of wildlife.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who is second in the line of US presidential succession, following the Vice President?",
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"content": "Constitutional Topic: Presidential Line of Succession - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net Constitutional Topic: Presidential Line of Succession Advertisement The Constitutional Topics pages at the USConstitution.net site are presented to delve deeper into topics than can be provided on the Glossary Page or in the FAQ pages . This Topic Page concerns the Presidential Line of Succession. The Line of Succession is mentioned in two places in the Constitution; in Article 2, Section 1 , and the 25th Amendment . The Topic Page for the Presidential Disability is also of interest. The 25th Amendment reiterates what is stated in Article 2, Section 1: that the Vice President is the direct successor of the President. He or she will become President if the President cannot serve for whatever reason. The 25th also provides for a President who is temporarily disabled, such as if the President has a surgical procedure or if he or she become mentally unstable. The original Constitution provides that if neither the President nor Vice President can serve, the Congress shall provide law stating who is next in line. Currently that law exists as 3 USC 19 , a section of the U.S. Code. This law was established as part of the Presidential Succession Act of 1947. There, the following line of succession is provided: Speaker of the House of Representatives President Pro Tempore of the Senate Secretary of State Secretary of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security The only exception to the line provided in the law states that to ascend to the Presidency, the next person in line must be constitutionally eligible. Any person holding an office in the line of succession who, for example, is not a naturally-born citizen cannot become President. In this case, that person would be skipped and the next eligible person in the line would become President. To see who holds these posts, see The Cabinet Topic Page . Prior to 1947 In 1792, Congress passed the first presidential succession act. This act was fraught with political wrangling between the Federalists and Antifederalists, as much early U.S. policy was. The Federalists did not want the Secretary of State, since Thomas Jefferson held the position, and he was emerging as a leader to the Antifederalist camp. Some were wary of the President Pro Tem of the Senate, because of the apparent mixing of the branches of government so recently established. Ditto the House Speaker and the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The eventual compromise did include two persons to fall in line past the Vice President. The President Pro Tem of the Senate first, then the Speaker of the House. The issue was taken up again in 1886, when the Congressional leadership was removed from the line and replaced with the Cabinet, with the Secretary of State falling first in line. Finally, the 1947 Act added the Speaker of the House and President Pro Tem back in the line (but reversed from the 1792 order).",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who played Ensign Wesley Crusher in Star Trek, The Next Generation?",
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"content": "Wil Wheaton - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS Actor | Writer | Producer Wil Wheaton was born Richard William Wheaton III on July 29, 1972 in Burbank, California. He first gained international attention by starring in the Rob Reiner comedy-drama film Stand by Me (1986). He then played Wesley Crusher on the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987) for three and one-quarter seasons. Wheaton left the ... See full bio » Born: a list of 44 people created 20 Jul 2014 a list of 38 people created 29 Jul 2014 a list of 32 people created 21 Nov 2014 a list of 22 people created 02 Dec 2014 a list of 27 images created 19 Jan 2016 Do you have a demo reel? Add it to your IMDbPage How much of Wil Wheaton's work have you seen? User Polls 5 wins & 4 nominations. See more awards » Known For Star Trek: The Next Generation Wesley Crusher / Ensign Wesley Crusher / Lieutenant Wesley Crusher (1987-1994) 2016 Fantasy Hospital (TV Series) The High Wizard - Kuckles of the Heart (2016) ... The High Wizard (credit only) - Fantoria's Secret (2016) ... The High Wizard (credit only) - Tuduski's Travels (2016) ... The High Wizard (credit only) 2015-2016 Dark Matter (TV Series) Alexander Rook - Episode #1.12 (2015) ... Alexander Rook 2016 Powers (TV Series) 2015 Con Man (TV Series) Officer Cahoots / Man on Plane 2015 Critical Role (TV Series) Thorbir 2014 Broken Age (Video Game) Curtis The Lumberjack (voice) - The Valley of the Banyan (2011) ... Master Quantus (voice) 2009-2012 Leverage (TV Series) 2010 Robot Astronomy Talk Show (TV Series short) The Physician 2010 Fallout: New Vegas (Video Game) Robobrains / Super-Ego - Old World Blues DLC / X-8 Robobrain - Old World Blues DLC (voice) 2007 Random! Cartoons (TV Series) Kyle / Sir Horace - Kyle + Rosemary (2007) ... Kyle / Sir Horace (voice) 2006 Naruto (TV Series) 2003 Book of Days (TV Movie) Danny 2002 The Zeta Project (TV Series) Kevin 2002 Biography (TV Series documentary) Narrator 2001 The Invisible Man (TV Series) Dorman 1999 Guys Like Us (TV Series) Steve / The Fig 1998 Diagnosis Murder (TV Series) Forest Ranger Gary Barton 1997 Perversions of Science (TV Series) Bryan 1996 The Outer Limits (TV Series) Cadet 1995 Mr. Stitch (TV Movie) Lazarus 1991 The Last Prostitute (TV Movie) Danny 1989 ABC Afterschool Specials (TV Series) Nick Karpinsky 1987 Family Ties (TV Series) Timothy Higgins 1986 St. Elsewhere (TV Series) Owen Drimmer 1986 Long Time Gone (TV Movie) Mitchell 1986 The Defiant Ones (TV Movie) Clyde 1985 Highway to Heaven (TV Series) Max 1983 13 Thirteenth Avenue (TV Movie) Willie 1982 CBS Afternoon Playhouse (TV Series) Amos Cotter 2012 The Big Bang Theory (TV Series) (performer - 1 episode) - The Stag Convergence (2012) ... (performer: \"For He's a Jolly Good Fellow\") 1986 Stand by Me (performer: \"The Ballad of Paladin\") Hide 2015 Tweet Out (TV Series) Himself 2014 Larry King Now (TV Series) Himself - Host / Himself - Guest 2012 Talking Dead (TV Series) Himself - Guest 2012 Falling Skies: 2nd Watch (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2012 The Flog (TV Series) Himself 2012 SGNL by Sony (TV Series) Himself 2012 Geek DIY (TV Series) Himself 2011 Weekend Today (TV Series) Himself 2010 Vlogbrothers (TV Series documentary) Himself 2009-2010 Penny Arcade: The Series (TV Series documentary) Himself 2007 Greatest Ever 80s Movies (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2007 The Next Generation's Legacy: 2007 (Video documentary short) Himself - Host 2006 I Love Toys (TV Series documentary) Himself 2005 I Love the Holidays (TV Special documentary) Himself 2005 I Love the 80's 3-D (TV Series documentary) Himself 2005 The Child Star Jinx (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2005 The Greatest (TV Series documentary) Himself 2005 World Poker Tour (TV Series) Himself 2004 My Coolest Years (TV Mini-Series documentary) Himself (Geeks) 2004 Call for Help (TV Series) Himself - Guest Host 2003 Favorite Stars: Then & Now (TV Movie documentary) Himself 2002-2003 The Screen Savers (TV Series) Himself - Co-Host / Himself 2002 Beat the Geeks (TV Series) Him",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which former MP wrote The Four Feathers and stories featuring Inspector Hanaud?",
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"content": "The Four Feathers (Summit Classic Collector Editions): Amazon.co.uk: A.E.W. Mason, Summit Classic Press, Owen R. Howell: 9781492217848: Books Product Description About the Author A. E. W. Mason (1865-1948) was a British author and politician. He is best remembered for his 1902 novel The Four Feathers. His first novel, A Romance of Wastdale, was published in 1895. He was the author of more than 20 books, including At The Villa Rose (1910), a mystery novel in which he introduced his French detective, Inspector Hanaud. His best-known book is The Four Feathers, which has been made into several films. Many consider it his masterpiece. Other books are The House of the Arrow (1924), No Other Tiger (1927), The Prisoner in the Opal (1929) and Fire Over England (1937). He contributed a short story, The Conjurer, to The Queen's Book of the Red Cross. Mason was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Coventry in the 1906 general election. He served only a single term in Parliament, retiring at the next general election in January 1910. Mason served with the Manchester Regiment in the First World War, being promoted Captain in December 1914. He transferred to the General List in 1915 and the Royal Marine Light Infantry in 1917 with the rank of Major. His military career included work in naval intelligence, serving in Spain and Mexico, where he set up counter-espionage networks on behalf of the British government. He died in 1948 while working on a non-fiction book about Admiral Robert Blake. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. What Other Items Do Customers Buy After Viewing This Item?",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who wrote the novel The Turn of the Screw?",
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"content": "SparkNotes: The Turn of the Screw: Context The Turn of the Screw Henry James Table of Contents Plot Overview Henry James (1843–1916), whose mastery of the psychological novel markedly influenced twentieth-century literature, was born in New York City. His father, Henry James, Sr., was an unconventional thinker who had inherited considerable wealth. James, Sr., became a follower of Swedenborgian mysticism, a belief system devoted to the study of philosophy, theology, and spiritualism, and socialized with such eminent writers as Thomas Carlyle, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Washington Irving, and William Makepeace Thackeray. James’s older brother, William James, profoundly influenced the emerging science of psychology through his Principles of Psychology (1890) and The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902). He also distinguished himself as an exponent of a brand of philosophical pragmatism he named “radical empiricism,” the idea that beliefs do not work because they are true but are true because they work. The James children were educated in a variety of schools and with private tutors, in what James later called “small vague spasms” of schooling augmented by his father’s extensive library. In 1855 the James family began a three-year tour of Geneva, London, and Paris, an experience that probably influenced James’s later preference for Europe over his native land. After a year at Harvard Law School, he began writing short stories and book reviews. He continued to travel widely from a base in England, where he chose to settle. He became a British subject in 1915, a year before his death at the age of seventy-three. By the time James died, he had written more than a hundred short stories and novellas, as well as literary and dramatic criticism, plays, travel essays, book reviews, and twenty novels, including The Portrait of a Lady (1881), The Bostonians (1886), The Wings of the Dove (1902), The Ambassadors (1903), and The Golden Bowl (1904). Although James had many friends and acquaintances, he maintained a certain reserve toward most people. An “obscure hurt,” as James later described a mysterious early injury he suffered in connection with a stable fire, haunted him throughout his life. He never married, and the absence of any known romantic attachments has led some critics to speculate that he was a repressed or closeted homosexual. Others attribute the reason for James’s lifelong celibacy to the early death of his beloved cousin Mary “Minny” Temple, the model for several of his heroines. James wrote The Turn of the Screw in 1897, at a low point in his life. In 1895 he had suffered a tremendous personal and professional blow when his play Guy Domville was booed off the London stage. Deeply wounded, James retreated from London and took refuge in Sussex, eventually taking a long-term lease on a rambling mansion called Lamb House. Shortly thereafter, he began writing The Turn of the Screw, one of several works from this period that revolve around large, rambling houses. Like many writers and intellectuals of the time, James was fascinated by “spiritual phenomena,” a field that was taken very seriously and was the subject of much “scientific” inquiry. The field remained popular even after the unmasking of the Fox sisters, whose claims of being able to communicate with the spirit world had started the craze for spiritualism in the 1840s. Henry James, Sr., and William James were both members of the Society for Psychical Research, and William served as its president from 1894 to 1896. James had written ghost stories before The Turn of the Screw. It was a popular form, especially in England, where, as the prologue to The Turn of the Screw suggests, gathering for the purpose of telling ghost stories was something of a Christmastide tradition. According to James’s notebooks and his preface to the 1908 edition of The Turn of the Screw, the germ of the story had been a half-remembered anecdote told to him by Edward White Benson, the archbishop of Canterbury: a story of small children haunted by the ghosts of a pair of s",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What nationality was composer Frédéric Chopin?",
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"content": "Chopin - Composers - Classic FM Classic FM News Now Playing Schedule Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of French-Polish parentage. He is considered one of the great masters of Romantic music. Life and Music Frederic Chopin was born in Poland, west of Warsaw, on either February 22nd or March 1st 1810 - local records differ with when Chopin's parents claimed he was born. Chopin was composing and writing poetry at six, and gave his first public concerto performance at the age of eight. In 1822 Chopin came under the personal supervision of Jozef Elsner, the founder-director of the Warsaw Conservatory. He became a leading advocate of 'absolute music', producing some of the earliest Romantic pieces and arguably the finest body of solo music for the piano. Chopin dedicated his second piano concerto (1830) to Delfina Potocka, with whom he hit the headlines during the 1940s when a sensational series of highly erotic (forged) love letters were discovered. In 1836 Chopin met the novelist George Sand (alias Aurore Dudevant), and so began one of the most famous love affairs in the history of music. The pair split up in 1847. Chopin's Funeral March, one of the piano repertoire's most famous works, was composed in 1837. By 1841, both sets of Chopin's Etudes had been published. They went on to become indispensable tomes for piano students everywhere. Among the most famous of his works was composed late in his life - The Minute Waltz was finished in 1847. Chopin's health began to deteriorate rapidly and he left for England at the invitation of his Scottish piano pupil, Jane Stirling. He returned to Paris, where, despite gifts of money and many kind attempts to comfort him, he died on 17 October 1849. Did you know? Chopin paid for his expensive lifestyle by giving piano lessons to rich people in Paris. He never liked the idea of asking them for money, so would look away while they left the fee on his mantelpiece. The fast and friendly guide to Chopin Classic FM's Fast and Friendly Guide to Chopin 01:53",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which island lies at the toe of Italy?",
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"content": "Sicily – Italy Travel Guide The Italian name for Sicily is Sicilia, pronounced see|CHEE|lee|ah. The capital of Sicily is Palermo. Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Sicily is one of the five autonomous regions of Italy. Sicily’s Mount Etna is Europe’s tallest active volcano, and one of the most active in the world. Sicilian history includes many invasions and long periods of foreign rule – there’s evidence all over the island of Greek and Arab influence along with the more predictable Roman influence. Sicily has five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Valley of Temples at Agrigento, the Villa Romana del Casale near Piazza Armerina, the “late Baroque towns” of the Noto Valley, the city of Siracusa and the Necropolis of Pantalica, and the Aeolian Islands. People from Sicily are called siciliani (masc. pl.). Other variations are: siciliano (masc. sing.), siciliana (fem. sing.), and siciliane (fem. pl.). Where to Stay in Sicily While much of Sicily is rural and mountainous, there are some large cities with all manner of accommodation options for every type of traveler. Cities like Palermo have 5-star hotels, hostels, apartment rentals, and anything in between. Beach resort towns like Taormina are fairly upscale and expensive, and especially crowded during good beach weather. DOWNLOAD OUR TRAVEL GUIDES DOWNLOAD NOW It’s not as easy to get around Sicily without a car as it is to get around on the mainland – and if you want to get away from the cities and stay in a less crowded area, it’s nigh unto impossible. This is something to keep in mind when you’re searching for a place to stay in Sicily, since your chosen mode of transport will limit you more here than elsewhere in the country. Here are some links to articles about hotels and hostels in Sicily: Vacation Rentals in Sicily What to Do & See in Sicily The biggest draws for most visitors to Sicily are the ruins, the beaches, and Mount Etna – and all three of these things are worthy of your time. But, as is the case with every Italian region, there’s enough variety to Sicily that everyone will find something entertaining on the island. Sicily is home to some of the best-preserved Greek ruins anywhere, including the temples at Agrigento and Siracusa – and these are only two of the five UNESCO World Heritage Sites on Sicily. The beaches along the island’s coast (as well as the smaller Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea) have long been popular with Italians and other Europeans on their summer holiday. And Mount Etna, despite its size, is really just scratching the surface of the activities available to outdoorsy types. >> In fact, one of the favorite Italy hikes of a former tour guide is on one of the small islands off the coast of Sicily. Art lovers will have plenty to explore on Sicily, from the unique Sicilian Baroque style to the traditional marionette theatres to Palermo’s famous opera house – and even if you’re not a hard core foodie it’s hard to resist the temptations of the foods of Sicily. Cannoli, anyone? Where to Go in Sicily Sicily may be an island, but it’s not a small one. Add to that the fact that it’s not as easy to get around Sicily without a car as it is to get around other Italian regions and you’ve got the perfect excuse to fill your entire 2+ week trip to Italy with Sicily alone. The big cities of Sicily are obvious attractions for their many beautiful churches and monuments, but the smaller towns in Sicily are equally as entertaining in their own way. Getting to the island’s smaller towns and the always-popular beaches is difficult without a car, so it’s worth renting a car for at least part of your Sicily stay. Palermo – Sicily’s capital, beautiful historic city on the northern coast Catania – On the eastern coast, very close to Mount Etna, Greek and Roman ruins among the city’s sights Siracusa – On the southeastern coast, home to some of Sicily’s best Greek ruins Trapani – Launch point for Egadi Islands, on the western coastal point of the island Agrigento – Home to some of Sicily’s best Greek ruins (including the nearby Valley of T",
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trivia_qa_1505683
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[
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Bankstown Airport is in which Australian state?",
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"content": "Postcode for Bankstown Airport, New South Wales (near Sydney) - Postcodes Australia State: New South Wales (capital: Sydney - 21km away) Nearest Urban Centre: Sydney, NSW (21km away) Area Code: 02 (+61 2 from overseas) Time Zone: AEST - Australian Eastern Standard Time (UTC+10), AEDT - Australian Eastern Daylight Time (UTC+11) Current Time: 18/01/2017 11:10:52 am Nearest Train Station: Panania Station (3.5km away) Nearest Hotels:",
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trivia_qa_1505684
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; How many letters are in the Welsh alphabet?",
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"content": "GO BRITANNIA! Wales: The Welsh Language Scotland Welsh Language Guide The language of Wales, more properly called Cymraeg in preference to Welsh (A Germanic word denoting \"foreigner\"), belongs to a branch of Celtic, an Indo-European language. The Welsh themselves are descendants of the Galatians, to whom Paul wrote his famous letter. Their language is a distant cousin to Irish and Scots Gaelic and a close brother to Breton. Welsh is still used by about half a million people within Wales and possibly another few hundred thousand in England and other areas overseas. In most heavily populated areas of Wales, such as the Southeast (containing the large urban centers of Cardiff, Newport and Swansea), the normal language of everyday life is English, but there are other areas, notably in the Western and Northern regions, (Gwynedd and Dyfed particularly) where the Welsh language remains strong and highly visible. The Welsh word for their country is Cymru (Kumree), the land of the Comrades; the people are known as Cymry (Kumree) and the language as Cymraeg (Kumrige). Regional differences in spoken Welsh do not make speakers in one area unintelligible to those in another (as is so often claimed), standard Welsh is understood by Welsh speakers everywhere. Despite its formidable appearance to the uninitiated, Welsh is a language whose spelling is entirely regular and phonetic, so that once you know the rules, you can learn to read it and pronounce it without too much difficulty. For young children learning to read, Welsh provides far fewer difficulties than does English, as the latter's many inconsistencies in spelling are not found in Welsh, in which all letters are pronounced. THE WELSH ALPHABET: (28 letters) A, B ,C ,Ch, D, Dd, E, F, Ff, G, Ng, H, I, L Ll, M, N, O, P, Ph, R, Rh, S, T, Th, U, W, Y (Note that Welsh does not possess the letters J, K, Q, V, X or Z, though you will often come across \"borrowings\" from English, such as John, Jones, Jam and Jiwbil (Jubilee); Wrexham (Wrecsam); Zw (Zoo). THE VOWELS: (A, E, I, U, O, W, Y) A as in man. Welsh words: am, ac Pronounced the same as in English) E as in bet or echo. Welsh words: gest (guest); enaid (enide) I as in pin or queen. Welsh words: ni (nee); mi (me); lili (lily); min (meen) U as in pita: Welsh words: ganu (ganee); cu (key); Cymru (Kumree); tu (tee); un (een) O as in lot or moe. Welsh words: o'r (0re); don (don); dod (dode); bob (bobe) W as in Zoo or bus. Welsh words: cwm (koom), bws (bus); yw (you); galw (galoo) Y has two distinct sounds: the final sound in happy or the vowel sound in myrrh Welsh words: Y (uh); Yr (ur); yn (un); fry (vree); byd (beed) All the vowels can be lengthened by the addition of a circumflex (ä), known in Welsh as \"to bach\" (little roof). Welsh words: Tän (taan), län (laan) THE DIPHTHONGS: Ae, Ai and Au are pronounced as English \"eye\": ninnau (nineye); mae (my); henaid (henide); main (mine); craig (crige) Eu and Ei are pronounced the same way as the English ay in pray. Welsh words: deisiau (dayshy), or in some dialects (deeshuh); deil (dale or dile); teulu (taylee or tyelee) Ew is more difficult to describe. It can be approximated as eh-oo or perhaps as in the word mount. The nearest English sound is found in English midland dialect words such as the Birmingham pronunciation of \"you\" (yew). Welsh words: mewn (meh-oon or moun); tew (teh-oo) I'w and Y'w sound almost identical to the English \"Ee-you.\" or \"Yew\" or \"You\": Welsh words: clyw (clee-oo); byw (bee-you or b'you); menyw (menee-you or menyou) Oe is similar to the English Oy or Oi. Welsh words: croeso (croyso); troed (troid); oen (oin) Ow is pronounced as in the English tow, or low: Welsh word: Rhown (rhone); rho (hrow) Wy as in English wi in win or oo-ee: Welsh words: Wy (oo-ee); wyn (win); mwyn (mooin) Ywy is pronounced as in English Howie. Welsh words: bywyd (bowid); tywyll (towith) Aw as in the English cow. Welsh words: mawr (mour); prynhawn (prinhown); lawr (lour) THE CONSONANTS: For the most part b, d, h, l, m, n, p, r, s, and t are pronounced the same as their Engli",
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[
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In 1830 which US president signed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized the forced removal of Native Americans from land?",
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"content": "Trail of Tears - Native American History - HISTORY.com Google The “Indian Problem” White Americans, particularly those who lived on the western frontier, often feared and resented the Native Americans they encountered: To them, American Indians seemed to be an unfamiliar, alien people who occupied land that white settlers wanted (and believed they deserved). Some officials in the early years of the American republic, such as President George Washington , believed that the best way to solve this “Indian problem” was simply to “civilize” the Native Americans. The goal of this civilization campaign was to make Native Americans as much like white Americans as possible by encouraging them convert to Christianity, learn to speak and read English, and adopt European-style economic practices such as the individual ownership of land and other property (including, in some instances in the South, African slaves). In the southeastern United States, many Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, Creek and Cherokee people embraced these customs and became known as the “Five Civilized Tribes.” Did You Know? Indian removal took place in the Northern states as well. In Illinois and Wisconsin, for example, the bloody Black Hawk War in 1832 opened to white settlement millions of acres of land that had belonged to the Sauk, Fox and other native nations. But their land, located in parts of Georgia , Alabama , North Carolina , Florida and Tennessee , was valuable, and it grew to be more coveted as white settlers flooded the region. Many of these whites yearned to make their fortunes by growing cotton, and they did not care how “civilized” their native neighbors were: They wanted that land and they would do almost anything to get it. They stole livestock; burned and looted houses and towns;, and squatted on land that did not belong to them. State governments joined in this effort to drive Native Americans out of the South. Several states passed laws limiting Native American sovereignty and rights and encroaching on their territory. In a few cases, such as Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) and Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the U.S. Supreme Court objected to these practices and affirmed that native nations were sovereign nations “in which the laws of Georgia [and other states] can have no force.” Even so, the maltreatment continued. As President Andrew Jackson noted in 1832, if no one intended to enforce the Supreme Court’s rulings (which he certainly did not), then the decisions would “[fall]…still born.” Southern states were determined to take ownership of Indian lands and would go to great lengths to secure this territory. Indian Removal Andrew Jackson had long been an advocate of what he called “Indian removal.” As an Army general, he had spent years leading brutal campaigns against the Creeks in Georgia and Alabama and the Seminoles in Florida–campaigns that resulted in the transfer of hundreds of thousands of acres of land from Indian nations to white farmers. As president, he continued this crusade. In 1830, he signed the Indian Removal Act, which gave the federal government the power to exchange Native-held land in the cotton kingdom east of the Mississippi for land to the west, in the “Indian colonization zone” that the United States had acquired as part of the Louisiana Purchase. (This “Indian territory” was located in present-day Oklahoma .) The law required the government to negotiate removal treaties fairly, voluntarily and peacefully: It did not permit the president or anyone else to coerce Native nations into giving up their land. However, President Jackson and his government frequently ignored the letter of the law and forced Native Americans to vacate lands they had lived on for generations. In the winter of 1831, under threat of invasion by the U.S. Army, the Choctaw became the first nation to be expelled from its land altogether. They made the journey to Indian territory on foot (some “bound in chains and marched double file,” one historian writes) and without any food, supplies or other help from the government. Thousands of people died a",
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trivia_qa_1505686
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the hardest mineral known to man",
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"content": "What is the hardest mineral in the world? | Reference.com What is the hardest mineral in the world? A: Quick Answer The hardest natural mineral in the world is lonsdaleite, a rare mineral made of carbon atoms. This mineral can withstand up to 58 percent more stress than diamond, according to a report by Jessica Griggs of NewScientist. Full Answer Lonsdaleite is very rare, which makes it difficult for scientists to gather samples for experiments. The mineral forms when graphite-containing meteorites come into contact with Earth. Lonsdaleite is similar to diamond, which was previously the hardest natural mineral known to man, but its carbon atoms are arranged in a different way. Despite its hardness, lonsdaleite may not be as useful as the second hardest natural mineral, wurtzite boron nitride, which withstands up to 18 more stress than diamond. This is because the wurtzite boron nitride is stable at higher temperatures.",
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trivia_qa_1505687
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the family in the TV series Outnumbered?",
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"content": "Outnumbered (TV Series 2007–2014) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error A part-improvised comedy about a couple bringing up their three young children. Stars: Even before the Brockmans have set out for cousin Julie's wedding 'Executive Bridesmaid' Karen has got locked in the toilet and Ben needs a lecture on behaving himself in public. Arriving for the big... 8.8 Communication Skills Sue is trying to organize a conference so it falls to Pete to let Karen in after school but he has to go to buy a central heating pump so rings Jake to come home. Jake has lost his Oyster card and ... 8.7 Despite the truce when they allied against Angela and Brick Sue is still angry with Pete for kissing Mimi and,whilst Ben attempts to climb Everest on the stairs, Karen is quick to pick up on her ... 8.7 a list of 21 titles created 31 Jul 2012 a list of 21 titles created 04 Aug 2013 a list of 31 titles created 26 Mar 2014 a list of 40 titles created 29 Jun 2014 a list of 40 titles created 11 months ago Search for \" Outnumbered \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. 7 wins & 21 nominations. See more awards » Photos Gavin & Stacey (TV Series 2007) Comedy | Romance Gavin and Stacey have been continuing their romance on-line and by telephone for the last six months. Now they want to be together but will their friends and family let them? Stars: Joanna Page, Mathew Horne, Alison Steadman Not Going Out (TV Series 2006) Comedy The mishaps of slacker Lee, Lee's best mate Tim, Lee's long-suffering landlady and the love of Lee's life, Lucy, and Tim's well-meaning but dim-witted girlfriend Daisy. Stars: Lee Mack, Sally Bretton, Katy Wix Mock the Week (TV Series 2005) Comedy | Game-Show A comedic look at current events. Stars: Dara O'Briain, Hugh Dennis, Andy Parsons Bad Education (TV Series 2012) Comedy A comedy series about a teacher who is a bigger kid than the kids he teaches. Stars: Jack Binstead, Mathew Horne, Ethan Lawrence Comedy about Ben, a dentist, and his family. They don't exactly get along well. Stars: Robert Lindsay, Zoë Wanamaker, Gabriel Thomson Friday Night Dinner (TV Series 2011) Comedy Two siblings share their Friday night dinners at their parents home and, somehow, something always goes wrong. Stars: Tamsin Greig, Simon Bird, Paul Ritter A topical news panel show with Jimmy Carr as host, and team captains Sean Lock and Jon Richardson. Stars: Jimmy Carr, Sean Lock, John Pohlhammer An edition of Countdown (1982) with the stars of 8 Out of 10 Cats (2005). Stars: Jimmy Carr, Rachel Riley, Susie Dent Two teams, lead by their team leader (either Lee Mack or David Mitchell), have to try and make the other team believe their crazy stories. Stars: David Mitchell, Lee Mack, Rob Brydon Follows four friends and their antics during their final years of school. Stars: Simon Bird, James Buckley, Blake Harrison A boisterous female minister comes to serve in an eccentricly conservative small town's church. Stars: Dawn French, James Fleet, Trevor Peacock Isot ja pienet See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia Claire Skinner and Samantha Bond both provided the voices of Jhinna and Eike in Strings (2004). See more » Connections Funny and charming with great acting. 31 August 2007 | by happykatt When I first saw the adverts for this show all that crossed my mind was the horror of another family sitcom full of clichés and ridiculous situations. So I had to watch it. Everyone needs something to bitch about, right? But when I started laughing and smiling, I realised that Outnumbered had cast away any doubters with brilliant performances from some very talented actors, Hugh Dennis and the children made it look like we were actually watching a real family. The jokes were funny and realistic, you may argue that a",
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trivia_qa_1505688
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the capital of Mexico",
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"content": "What Is the Capital of Mexico? | eHow What Is the Capital of Mexico? Phototreat/iStock/Getty Images Where once thrived Tenochtitlan, epicenter of the Aztec empire, now stands Mexico City, capital of the modern state of Mexico and the heart of a sprawling metropolitan area with 22 million residents. One of the most densely populated urban areas anywhere, Mexico City has the highest altitude -- 7,350 feet -- of any North American city, which contributes to its relatively mild weather. History of Mexico City Mexico City occupies the site where in the 1320s, according to legend, the Aztecs saw an eagle on a cactus clutching a snake in its beak, which they interpreted as a sign that they should settle the region. Tenochtitlan, the city they were inspired to construct, was among the largest in the world by the time conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived two centuries later and demolished it to build a capital for New Spain. This succession is reflected in Mexico City's historic quarter, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where attractions include Templo Mayor -- one of five Aztec temple ruins within the city -- and the Metropolitan Cathedral, North America's largest. Mexico City Today Often associated with crime, smog and the occasional earthquake -- the city sits on a fault line -- it is a lesser known fact that Mexico City has one of the greatest concentrations of museums of any city in the world with more than 170, including renowned institutions like the National Museum of Anthropology.",
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trivia_qa_1505689
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[
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; .ac is the top level internet domain name for which island in the South Atlantic?",
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"content": ".AC Domains • Domain for Acscension Island and Academia Search Why choose a .ac domain extension? Ascension Island is part of the British Overseas Territory. It is located in the South Atlantic Ocean, about 1,000 miles from the coast of Africa. Consider domain hacks like zodia.AC or alman.AC. There are no restrictions on .AC domain name registrations. Why should I register a .AC domain? Although there are many domains registered by entities associated with Ascension Island, it is becoming popularized in other facets. People within the academic community are beginning to use .AC as a shortened version of academia. Protecting yourself and your identity is all too important in today's world. The same standards apply to protecting your business and personal identity online. Protecting your brand is an important reason to register ccTLDs. Being the initial purchaser of your brand in a TLD is a much wiser idea than attempting to acquire names after someone else has registered them. Additionally, it is much easier to purchase a common word or short domain name in a ccTLD than in the more popular and heavily populated TLDs like .COM. Country code TLDs also present the opportunity to register domain hacks such as zodi.AC, mani.AC, or alman.AC. Are there any restriction for registering a .AC? There are no restrictions for registering a top level .AC domain. Registration for these domain names is open to anyone, similar to .COM, .NET, or .ORG. However, there are restrictions for second and third level .AC domains. To register a second-level domain, the registrant must have professional or academic qualifications. Alternately, they may hold a valid membership of an Institute or Trade Association. To register a third-level .AC domain, you must be a resident of Ascension Island. More information",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; 'Sparrow Grass' is an alternatve name for which plant?",
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"content": "The History of Asparagus The Ancient Greeks and Romans used a Persian word \"asparag\" which meant shoot. the term sperage became popular for many years and in the 16th century we find the term \"sparagus\" used in English speaking countries. the peasants would call it \" sparrow grass\". During the 19th century Asparagus took over about the same time that cultivation of asparagus started in the United States. Asparagus Facts How long does it take Asparagus to grow? Asparagus is planted in the ground three years before it can be harvested for the full season. First comes the seed then comes the plant. Farmers only harvest for short period of time the first few years to allow for further growth. The mature plant is harvested all season which typically stretches up to 90 days. Asparagus will grow sometimes 6 to 7 inches in one day! An Asparagus plant will generally produce from 8 to 12 years depending on different factors. Asparagus farm pics White Asparagus Is it true white asparagus comes from the same plant as green asparagus? Yes, that is true. When the spears emerge from the ground, the sunlight turns the stalks green. To get white asparagus, about 6 inches of dirt is piled on top of the plants so that the stalks can grow underground. They will grow at the same rate as an uncovered stalk. When the tip breaks the soil surface, the worker probes under ground with his special knife to cut the stalk. This stalk is all white. courtesy of Newsline.de Purple Asparagus Purple asparagus originated from a region around Albenga, Italy. This \"cultivar\" is known as Violetto d/Albenga. Although the spears are of deep purple color, the ferns are actually green. The farmers in Albenga region propagate the plants using seeds from open pollination. Seeds are usually collected from vigorous female plants producing large spears. Purple hybrids produce larger spears but fewer in number per plant than the green hybrids. Purple asparagus is much sweeter and more tender than green asparagus. Thus, it is very suitable for use in salad. Purple asparagus retains its color after brief cooking such as quick sauteing. But it loses its purple and changes to green if subjected to prolonged cooking. You can look for used farm equipment and grow it yourself. I have and it is an exciting. The stalks can grow to full length so quick, sometimes in a day, you can almost watch it grow. California produces most of the crop for the United States, also Washington and Michigan grow a great deal. Other countries that are major growers of asparagus are China which is the largest and Peru which is the second largest. Why is Asparagus considered an Aphrodisiac? The shape is certainly a factor! an Arabian love manual written in the 16th century provided an asparagus recipe to stimulate erotic desires. Part of the lily family, asparagus contains plenty of vitamin A and C. Consume over three consecutive days for the most powerful effect, say some experts.",
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Mount Kosciuszko is the highest mountain in which country?",
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"content": "Mount Kosciuszko - Facts on Highest Peak in Australia Elevation: 7,310 feet (2,228 meters) Prominence: 7,310 feet (2,228 meters) Most Prominent Mountain in Australia. Location: Great Dividing Range, New South Wales, Australia. Coordinates: -36.455981 S / 148.263333 W First Ascent: First ascent by an expedition led by Polish explorer Count Pawel Edmund Strzelecki, 1840. Highest Mountain in Australia Mount Kosciuszko is the highest mountain on the Australian continent . It is not, however, the highest mountain on Australian territory. Mawson Peak on Heard Island, an Australian territory in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica and between Australia and Africa, is the highest peak in any state and territory in Australia. Mawson Peak, a snow-covered volcano, rises to 9,006 feet (2,745 meters). High Point of Great Dividing Range Mount Kosciuszko is the high point of the Great Dividing Range , a long mountain range that runs along the entire eastern part of Australia from Queensland to Victoria. Mount Kosciuszko itself is in New South Wales a few miles from its border with Victoria. continue reading below our video The Fastest Miles Ever Run Glaciers chiseled out the mountain, leaving glacial features like cirques and moraines, during the Pleistocene Epoch over 20,000 years ago. Kosciuszko National Park Mount Kosciuszko is the centerpiece of 1,664,314-acre Kosciuszko National Park , Australia largest national park. The park was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1977 for its many unusual alpine plants and animals. The alpine zone on Mount Kosciuszko includes many rare and endemic plants and flowers that are found nowhere else in the world. Snowiest Place in Australia The Mount Kosciuszko area is the coldest and snowiest part of Australia, which is mostly an arid and hot continent. Snow covers the mountain from June through October. The area also has Australia’s only ski areas , including Thredbo and Perisher ski resorts . Named for Polish Explorer Polish explorer Count Pawel Edmund Strzelecki named Mount Kosciuszko in 1840 for Polish hero General Tadeusz Kosciuszko . Kosciuszko (1746-1817) joined the American Army during the Revolution, eventually rising to the rank of General as well as being the Deputy Engineer for the army. He was a defensive expert who created fortifications for Saratoga , Philadelphia, and West Point. He later urged that the Military Academy be situated at West Point . He was also friends with George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. Kosciuszko returned to Poland in 1787 and waged war against neighboring countries for Polish independence. Later he retired to Switzerland, writing books about military strategy. After his death in 1817, Kosciuszko was hailed not only as a Polish patriot but also as a great American and a true citizen of the world. Name Often Misspelled The mountain name was misspelled in English as Kosciusko but changed by the Geographical Names Board of New South Wales to the proper Polish spelling Kosciuszko in 1997. How to Pronounce Kosciuszko The tongue-twisting name Kosciuszko is pronounced in Australia as: kozzy-OS-ko. The proper Polish pronunciation is: kosh-CHOOSH-ko. Aussies often just called the mountain \"Kossy.\" Aboriginal Names for Mountain There are several native Aboriginal names associated with the mountain, with some confusion as to the exact sounds. These are Jagungal, Jar-gan-gil, Tar-gan-gil, Tackingal, all of which mean “Table Top Mountain.” Easiest of the Seven Summits Mount Kosciuszko, the lowest of the Seven Summits or the seven highest points on the seven continents, is also the easiest to climb. The main trail to the summit is an easy 5.5-mile-long hike that is crowded with trekkers all summer. As many as 100,000 people climb to the roof of Australia every year. Read Walking Tracks Australia for more information on hiking adventures down under. Is Kosciuszko or Carstensz Pyramid the High Point? Whether or not Mount Kosciuszko is one of the true Seven Summits is debated by all climbers attempting to climb the highest points on the seven continents . While Kosciuszko",
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{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What is a mainly instrumental piece of music by Elton John, the closing track of his 1978 album, \"\"A Single Man\"\"?\"",
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"content": "Song for Guy - Elton John - YouTube Song for Guy - Elton John Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Dec 15, 2014 \"Song for Guy\" is a mainly instrumental piece of music by Elton John. It is the closing track of his 1978 album, A Single Man. I hope you enjoy my variation of this piece. Category",
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which gemstone is known as ‘The Bishop’s Stone’?",
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"content": "Amethyst meaning nice colors Amethyst Gemstone meaning Crystalline quartz in shades of purple, lilac or mauve is called amethyst, a stone traditionally worn to guard against drunkeness and to instill a sober mind. The word amethyst comes from the Greek meaning \"without drunkenness\" and amethyst is believed to protect one from poison. Power Stone It is used as a dream stone and to help insomnia. Put an amethyst under your pillow to bring about pleasant dreams, or rub it across your forehead to offer relief from a headache. Protection Stone Ancient Egyptians used the amethyst guard against guilty and fearful feelings. It has been worn as protection from self-deception, as well as a protection against witchcraft. The amethyst has long been used to open the spiritual and psychic centers, making it one of the power stones. It is also used as a meditation aid when worn as a necklace. Wisdom Stone The amethyst is known as the Bishop's Stone and is still worn by Catholic Bishops. The amethyst symbolizes piety, humility, sincerity and spiritual wisdom. It is thought the amethyst is the perfect stone to symbolize The Age of Aquarius. Healing properties of Amethyst Amethyst is a gemstone often worn by healers, as it has the power to focus energy. A healer will usually wear several pieces of jewelry with amethysts set in silver, especially an amethyst necklace. The person to be healed will have an Amethyst to hold while the healing is being done. The healer will place another piece of Amethyst on the area of the body in need of healing, the heart or lungs usually. Amethyst is used for problems in the blood and in breathing problems. Amethyst crystal clusters are used to keep the air and life force in the home clean and positive. Amethyst clusters, points or several tumbled Amethysts placed in a window that receives sun most of the day are very beneficial to use in healing and to heal negativity in the home. Place Amethyst clusters, points or several tumbled Amethysts in moonlight and everyone in the home will be feeling calmer. Using an Amethyst as a meditation focus will increase the positive spiritual feelings. Amethyst helps overcome fears and cravings. It also helps relieve headaches.",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which English city lies between the mouths of the rivers Test and Itchen?",
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"content": "8 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Southampton | PlanetWare 8 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Southampton Written by Bryan Dearsley The port of Southampton lies on a peninsula between the mouths of the Rivers Test and Itchen and boasts one of the world's best natural harbors. Until the 1930s, it was England's largest port dealing in trans-Atlantic passenger travel, and giant liners like the Queen Mary were built in local shipyards while hundreds of thousands of emigrants departed the country on ships sailing from here, including the Titanic. While much of the city suffered during WWII, it has preserved a number of old buildings, including parts of the medieval town walls and two Tudor houses with their characteristic black and white half-timbering. There are excellent shopping facilities both in and around the city, and it's a good base for visits to the New Forest and the Isle of Wight. It's also home to many great cultural events, including the annual Southampton International Film Festival. City Walls Share: The best views of Southampton's 14th century medieval walls - the third longest unbroken stretch of city wall in Britain - are obtained from the Western Esplanade, also the site of Wind Whistle Tower. The only remaining medieval church in Southampton is St Michael's on Castle Way. Dating from 1070, the church contains Norman relics and a font made of Tournai marble. Follow the walls south to Mayflower Park, which lies opposite the Mayflower Memorial to the Pilgrim Fathers, and Wool House, a 14th century warehouse. Also nearby is the God's House Tower on Winkle Street, a 12th century hospital dedicated to St Julian. Guided walking tours of the old walls and medieval vaults are available. Location: Bargate, Southampton 2 Tudor House and Garden Tudor House and Garden Share: The magnificent Tudor house in St Michael's Square was built in the late 15th century for a wealthy merchant family. Now a museum, it displays exhibits from the Victorian and Edwardian eras, as well as periodic exhibitions encompassing over 900 years of local history. Visitors can use free audio guides while enjoying the reconstructed kitchens and numerous artifacts, including Georgian and Victorian jewelry, and archaeological finds from the medieval and Tudor periods. Another classic old home to visit is Medieval Merchant's House in French Street, a 13th century townhouse filled with period furniture and wall hangings. Location: St Michael's Square, Southampton SeaCity Museum Share: SeaCity Museum tells the story of the people of Southampton and their connection to Britain's rich maritime history, including the stories of those who departed from (or arrived in) the port over the centuries and Southampton's Titanic Story. The 1930s art deco Civic Centre that houses this fascinating museum is also home to the city's Art Gallery with its interesting selection of old masters and English artists from 1750 to the present, as well as a valuable collection of ceramics. Location: Havelock Rd, Southampton Ocean Village Henry Burrows Share: East of Southampton's old town, Princess Alexandra Dock has been transformed into a modern leisure and shopping center. Smart yachts are moored in the harbor in front of Canute's Pavilion with its designer boutiques, gourmet restaurants, cinemas (including one for art-house and foreign-language films), boat trips, sailing facilities, and great views of the cruise ships moored in the Eastern Docks. Location: Ocean Village, Southampton SS Shieldhall Les Chatfield Share: SS Shieldhall is a heritage steamship and part of Britain's National Historic Fleet. The largest surviving working steamship of her type in Europe, this historic vessel - built in 1954 as one of the Clyde sludge boats - has been fully restored and provides a working example of the machinery typical of the great ships that plied the world's oceans between the 1870s and 1960s. In addition to educational and sightseeing outings, the ship regularly appears in the Southampton Maritime Festival, a two-day heritage event that brings together a host of activit",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Ishtar Gate, constructed around 575BC by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II, was a gate to which city?",
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"content": "The Ishtar Gate - Biblical Archaeology Ancient Iraq (Bible History Online) The Ishtar Gate Did the Jewish captives pass through this gate after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 B.C.? This painting shows the reconstructed 47 foot tall Ishtar gate at the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. The Ishtar Gate was originally built by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II and dedicated to the goddess Ishtar around 575 BC. It was awesome in appearance and one of the most impressive monuments of the ancient Near East. It was decorated with glazed brick reliefs, in tiers, of dragons and young bulls. The gate was a double gate, and it was the starting point for the half mile Processional Way to the Temple of Marduk. This gate was built by Nebuchadnezzar II, the same monarch who conquered Jerusalem in 586 BC. The Ishtar Gate foundations were discovered in 1899, and were reconstructed in the Pergamon Museum, Berlin, from the glazed bricks and other material excavated by the Robert Koldeway expedition in the early 1900's. This discovery was monumental in the study of Biblical Archaeology, the very Gate which the Jewish captives must have passed through, including Daniel and Ezekiel. It shows the might and glory of the Babylonian Empire. \"Is not this the great Babylon I have built as the royal residence, by my mighty power and for the glory of my majesty?\" The words were still on his lips when a voice came from heaven, \"This is what is decreed for you, King Nebuchadnezzar: Your royal authority has been taken from you.\" Daniel 4:30-31 Photograph of the Ishtar gate from the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. Neo Babylonian Empire. Under Nabopolassar, Babylon threw off Assyrian rule in 612 BC and became the capital of the Neo-Babylonian (sometimes and possibly erroneously called Chaldean) Empire. With the recovery of Babylonian independence, a new era of architectural activity ensued, and his son Nebuchadnezzar II (604�561 BC) made Babylon into one of the wonders of the ancient world.[13] Nebuchadnezzar ordered the complete reconstruction of the imperial grounds, including rebuilding the Etemenanki ziggurat and the construction of the Ishtar Gate � the most spectacular of eight gates that ringed the perimeter of Babylon. A reconstruction of The Ishtar Gate is located in the Pergamon Museum in Berlin. All that was ever found of the Original Ishtar gate was the foundation and scattered bricks. Nebuchadnezzar is also credited with the construction of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (one of the seven wonders of the ancient world), said to have been built for his homesick wife Amyitis. Whether the gardens did exist is a matter of dispute. Although excavations by German archaeologist Robert Koldewey are thought to reveal its foundations, many historians disagree about the location, and some believe it may have been confused with gardens in the Assyrian capital, Nineveh. Chaldean rule did not last long and it is not clear if Neriglissar and Labashi-Marduk were Chaldeans or native Babylonians, and the last ruler Nabonidus and his son and regent Belshazzar were Assyrians from Harran. [Wikipedia] \"For I will rise up against them,\" says the LORD of hosts, \"And cut off from Babylon the name and remnant, And offspring and posterity,\" says the LORD. \"I will also make it a possession for the porcupine, And marshes of muddy water; I will sweep it with the broom of destruction,\" says the LORD of hosts. Isaiah 14:22-23 The Ishtar Gate at Babylon Reconstruction Glazed Brick Total Height�47 Feet, Width-32 Feet Neo-Babylonian 7th�6th Centuries BC Dedicator: Nebuchadnezzar II Staatliche Museen , Berlin Dept. of the Near East The Ishtar Gate, one of the eight gates of the inner city of Babylon, was built during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II (604- 562 BC). Only the foundations of the gate were found, going down some 45 feet,",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Anthropologist Lévi-Strauss proposed that two animals achieved mythic status in Native American cultures as they are the mediators between life and death. Can you name one of the two?",
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"content": "Project MUSE - Catching Wrangham: On the Mythology and the Science of Fire, Cooking, and Becoming Human On the Mythology and the Science of Fire, Cooking, and Becoming Human Gregory Schrempp (bio) Abstract Myth and science sometimes converge—nowhere more so than in scenarios concerning the domestication of fire and its consequences for human social life. I examine this claim through an analysis of bioanthropologist Richard Wrangham’s recent book Catching Fire: How Cooking Made us Human, comparing his claims and findings with those of mythologist/anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss in The Raw and the Cooked. I examine myth-science convergences around the following topics: parochialism, narrative speculation, transformations attributed to cooking and fire, temporality in science and myth, and the human fascination with fire as a substance. As part of my analysis of temporality, I look at the projection, in both myth and science, of contemporary cultural contestations (such as gender issues and food debates) into an idealized species-formative moment set in the past. Challenging the rhetorical tendency to invoke science and myth as opposites, I consider possible factors leading to convergence and suggest that science can enrich its perspective through a sympathetic attitude toward myth and other forms of traditional wisdom. But in deeper rocks the record of our humanity dwindles until around two million years ago, when it gives way to prehuman ancestors and leaves us with a question that every culture answers in a different way, but only science can truly decide. What made us human? —R , Catching Fire (2009 , 1–2) In the 1960s there was a notion in the air that science and mythology—and everything else for that matter—somehow mystically [End Page 109] converged. Even if this notion in the context of the sixties was not especially fruitful in coming to understand what we mean by either myth or science, it does point to a genuine and fascinating epistemological issue. Claims made in the name of science do sometimes converge with visions encountered in traditional and/or ancient mythologies, a fact that at the very least should make us wary of the familiar polemical use of myth and science as mutually exclusive polar terms. No more striking instance of myth–science convergence can be found than in scenarios concerning the domestication of fire. I will illustrate and explore this claim through an analysis of the most recent major scientific work on the domestication of fire, Richard Wrangham’s Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human (2009) . Wrangham, a bioanthropologist at Harvard University, argues that cooking formed the crucial factor in our becoming human, specifically by offering habilines (the “missing link” between apes and humans [2009, 4]) a source of easily chewable and digestible nutrition that permitted rapid brain growth, allowing the emergence of Homo erectus, the precursor to Homo sapiens. In the following analysis I will summarize the several ways in which Wrangham’s analysis dovetails with the story of the domestication of fire as it is proffered in traditional origin myths. Parochialism, Mythic and Scientific In contemporary popular discourse, no term conveys the quality of parochialism more persistently than myth; it does so through two related connotations, both stemming from the opposition between the provincial and the cosmopolitan. 1 First, myth is invoked to designate ideas from the cultural backwaters that have not passed the test of cosmopolitan science. But there is a second more interesting sense, in some respects inverse to the first, in which myth designates the parochial. Here, to be parochial means to be convinced that an idea that is actually widespread or even universal is uniquely one’s own—or, in the extreme, it means to regard oneself or one’s community as the originator of all that is humanly good and true. In regard to origin scenarios recounted in traditional mythologies, the charge of parochialism in this sense may be legitimate, for there are few origin myths that, within their narrati",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Frenchman was Formula One World Champion three times in the 1980's?",
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"content": "Ranking the Top 10 Drivers of the 1980s | Bleacher Report Ranking the Top 10 Drivers of the 1980s Use your ← → (arrow) keys to browse the slideshow 6.0K 6 Comments In his column for BBC Sport on Monday, David Coulthard said that with Sebastian Vettel, Fernando Alonso , Lewis Hamilton and Kimi Raikkonen driving close to the top of their potential, we are now in a \"golden era\" of F1 driving. While I admit it is currently a great time to be an F1 fan, I grew up watching the sport back in the 1980s when names such as Ayrton Senna, Alain Prost, Nigel Mansell and Nelson Piquet slipped off the tongue. So, here are my top 10 drivers of my favourite era of the sport – the 1980s. 10. Gilles Villeneuve A true legend of the sport. Villeneuve was quick and fearless and stood for everything Ferrari epitomised. Although Villeneuve’s most memorable season was in 1979 when he was pipped to the title by teammate Jody Scheckter, he also won twice in 1981, and may well have achieved his ambition of becoming an F1 champion had it not been for his tragic death at the Belgian Grand Prix at Zolder in 1982. 9. Keke Rosberg Rosberg chats to team boss Frank Williams in 1982 A late starter to Formula One, Rosberg made his debut at the age of 29 in 1978, but he made little impact until a bizarre 1982 season saw him clinch the drivers’ title despite winning only once, his maiden F1 victory coming late in the season at the Swiss Grand Prix. Rosberg would win four more times before his retirement at the end of the 1986 season, but his next best championship finish was only third in 1985. Next » 8. Rene Arnoux A true driver of the 1980s, Frenchman Arnoux’s career spanned no fewer than 12 Formula 1 seasons from 1978 to 1989. His first victory came at the 1980 Brazilian Grand Prix driving for Renault, and he won again in the very next race in South Africa but a lack of reliability prevented him from challenging for the title. His best season came in 1983 when he won three times en route to third in the drivers’ standings behind Nelson Piquet and Alain Prost. Next » 7. Gerhard Berger Austrian Berger competed in Formula One for 14 seasons from 1984 to 1997 and although he will best be remembered as Ayrton Senna’s perfect teammate at McLaren, much of his best work came behind the wheel of a Ferrari in the 1980s. Berger actually scored his first victory for Benetton in the 1986 Mexican Grand Prix before joining Ferrari for the 1987 season, ending the season on a high with wins in Japan and Australia. Five podiums and one victory saw him finish third in a 1988 championship season utterly dominated by the McLarens of Senna and Alain Prost, but the 1989 season was a disaster with 12 retirements and just one victory in Portugal. Tweet A veteran of 14 seasons in Formula One, Italian Michele Alboreto is best known for his five seasons spent with his beloved Ferrari from 1984-1988. Alboreto won his first race and the last ever at Las Vegas for Tyrrell in 1982 and won again in America, this time in Detroit, the following season. In his debut season for Ferrari, Alboreto took victory in the third round at Zolder, becoming the first Italian to win a grand prix for Ferrari since Ludovico Scarfiotti in 1966. Three podiums followed before his most successful season in the sport when he finished runner-up behind Alain Prost with two victories and six podium finishes. Tweet A double world champion, Lauda retired from Formula 1 after a disastrous 1979 season that saw him score just four points. But needing money to shore up his new airline, Lauda returned to the sport in 1982 with McLaren. He won twice in his first season back at America and Britain, but it was the 1984 season that confirmed his status as a legend of the sport as he won his third drivers’ title by just half a point after an epic battle with teammate Alain Prost. Next » 4. Nigel Mansell Mansell’s career in F1 spanned 15 seasons from 1980-1995. Although he finally achieved his goal of winning the world title in his dominant Williams FW14B in 1992, it is for his battles with Alain Prost and Williams teammate Ne",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In the 1986 comedy movie The Three Amigos, who starred alongside Steve Martin and Chevy Chase in the title roles.",
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"content": "¡Three Amigos! (1986) - IMDb IMDb 17 January 2017 4:34 PM, UTC NEWS There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error Three actors accept an invitation to a Mexican village to perform their onscreen bandit fighter roles, unaware that it is the real thing. Director: a list of 36 titles created 16 Nov 2010 a list of 44 titles created 09 Jun 2011 a list of 41 titles created 26 Aug 2012 a list of 34 titles created 25 Mar 2015 a list of 23 titles created 6 months ago Search for \" ¡Three Amigos! \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Two bumbling government employees think they are U.S. spies, only to discover that they are actually decoys for Nuclear War. Director: John Landis Based on the play \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", large nosed C.D. Bales falls for the beautiful Roxanne while she falls for his personality but another man's looks. Director: Fred Schepisi Irwin M. \"Fletch\" Fletcher is a newspaper reporter being offered a large sum to off a cancerous millionaire, but is on the run, risking his job, and finding clues when it's clear the man is healthy. Director: Michael Ritchie The Griswold family's cross-country drive to the Walley World theme park proves to be much more arduous than they ever anticipated. Director: Harold Ramis An exclusive golf course has to deal with a brash new member and a destructive dancing gopher. Director: Harold Ramis A Chicago man's hope for a peaceful family vacation in the woods is shattered when the annoying in-laws drop in. Director: Howard Deutch A man must struggle to travel home for Thanksgiving with an obnoxious slob of a shower curtain ring salesman as his only companion. Director: John Hughes After receiving an inheritance in Louisiana, LA reporter Irvin Fletcher heads to the Belle Isle plantation where he gets himself into hilarious trouble. Director: Michael Ritchie An idiotic man struggles to make it through life on his own in St. Louis. Director: Carl Reiner The Griswolds win a vacation tour across Europe where the usual havoc ensues. Director: Amy Heckerling Bachelor and all round slob, Buck, babysits his brother's rebellious teenage daughter and her cute younger brother and sister. Director: John Hughes Two con men try to settle their rivalry by betting on who can swindle a young American heiress out of $50,000 first. Director: Frank Oz Edit Storyline Three out of work silent movie actors are accidentally drawn to a Mexican village that is being harassed by a gang of outlaws. The three, 'Ned', 'Lucky Day' and 'Dusty Bottoms' play 'Lone Ranger' types in their movies, but must play their parts for real now. Written by Rob Hartill They're Down On Their Luck And Up To Their Necks In Senoritas, Margaritas, Banditos And Bullets! Genres: 12 December 1986 (USA) See more » Also Known As: The Three Caballeros See more » Filming Locations: Did You Know? Trivia The make and model of the World War I era German mail aircraft was a red, black and white Tubman 601 bi-plane. See more » Goofs When the Amigo's believe they are performing a show for the towns people, Lucky gets shot in the left arm with a real bullet. You can clearly see blood on his costume, but in all the scenes to follow there is no blood. See more » Quotes [in the Saloon where they all thought The Amigos were the tough gunfighters the German guy told them about] Lucky Day : [singing] Dear Little Buttercup, won't you stay a... [he points at a scared patron at a table who exclaims] Patron: While, While! (Manama, Bahrain) – See all my reviews 5 reasons to love this film: 1. The sight of Ned Nederlander (Martin Short) telling the incomprehensible, self-indulgent story of when he met Dorothy Gish (\"you know, Lillian's sister\") to a bunch of patient, albeit bored Mexican kids. 2. Lucky Day (Steve Martin) trying to get his buddies' attention as they b",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Hairdresser Raymond who died in 1992 owned two Grand National winners, Ayala and which other?",
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"content": "The Hairdresser Who Won The National Twice The Hairdresser Who Won The National Twice /in Grand National History /by Simone Wright Aintree always has a story to tell. This one’s about a camp hairdresser with a fake French accent who went on to become Britain’s first celebrity crimper and the owner of not one, but two Grand National winners . During the early fifties over 30,000 ladies hairdressers sprung up in towns and cities all over the country as women demanded the flattering, softer perms worn by the new Queen and, the star of National Velvet , Elizabeth Taylor. Everyone wanted to look like Bridget Bardot, Sophia Loren, Doris Day and Diana Dors. Enter Raymond Bessone, aka Mr Teazie Weazie, a shot of outrageous glamour in very austere times. To a ration-book London, Teasy must have seemed to be a cross between Liberace and, with his perfect pencil moustache, a Hollywood Film star. Born ‘Raimondo Pietro Carlo Bessone’ at 61, Wardour Street, Soho, in 1911, Raimondo had learned his trade making false beards and moustaches in his father’s backstreet barber’s shop. Often called the Nicky Clarke of his day, he soon realised that he was meant for much greater things. Raymond At Work Never afraid of affecting a manner that many expected went with his profession, he put on a false French accent, an outrageously camp manner, wore lush satin and velvet suits, capes, scarlet nail polish and started waving around his crimping tongs. Yes Raimondo had reinvented himself as the one and only ‘Mr Teazie Weazie’ and began pushing himself into the rather lurid limelight he so much craved. When he opened an exclusive salon in Mayfair in the fifties his fame began to spread, and soon he had his own Saturday teatime slot on the telly. The show’s format was simple. Each week Teasy would exhibit his latest gravity-defying creation whilst dancing around his model and explaining how to get a wave ‘just so’ in his outrageous accent. Trails of billowing cigarette smoke would follow him as Teasy would declare. ‘We’ll do a Teazie Weazie here, and a Teazie Weazie there.’ The show was a huge hit; millions of women became hooked and Mr Teazie Weazie was born. He rapidly developed a massive celebrity following, his salons as purposely over-the-top as was his personality. He installed ornate gilt mirrors, huge crystal chandeliers, even fountains that gushed champagne; anything for the stars who flocked to get the latest Teasie style. He wasn’t just cutting hair; he was creating ‘a look’, cultivating his ever more eccentric behaviour to add to his clientele’s experience. Acting the Prima Donna, Raymond would nonchalantly walk around the salon waiting for a customer to react to his mincing. When addressed he would throw his hands into the air and exclaim: “Madam, can you not see that I am meditating!” There’s no doubt that Teasie was a larger than life character that used every trick in the book to court the press and attract publicity. In 1956, the papers went Teasie crazy when Diana Dors had him flown to Hollywood for a shampoo and set costing £2,500 – the cost a small house back then. Even a trip to Blackpool was a chance to grab the public’s attention. Teasy flew in by aeroplane bedecked in a tweed cape, resembling a camp Sherlock Holmes and toured the town in an open-topped vintage Bentley. In 1957 he launched the Shangri-La style, based on “the four principles of colour, line, youth and softness” and, he claimed, inspired by his view of Swiss mountain peaks after being knocked-out in a skiing accident. Mr Teazie Weazie went on to cretae the modern bouffant and was first to dye hair with bold colours; pink, orange and purple. With his continued success Raymond expanded, opening salons in several British cities, including Birmingham. He was the first man to ‘come out’ on television. But despite his very public announcement that: “I am homosexuality!”, and getting his terminology wrong, nothing was further from the truth. He was married to the actress Rosalie Ashley, was vigorously heterosexual, and like many celebrities of the time moved in interesti",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the collective noun for a group of bishops?",
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"content": "List of collective nouns for bishops bishops - collective nouns for bishops bench",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which famous battle that took place in Scotland on 23rd and 24th June 1314 was seen as one of the most spectacular of the Scottish wars of Independence?",
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"content": "6 haunting battlefields of Scotland | CNN Travel 6 haunting battlefields of Scotland 6 haunting battlefields of Scotland Mel Gibson's \"Braveheart\" renditions of Scotland's most famous battles are a sorry substitute; the real stories are far better and far bloodier By Mike Sowden 11 April, 2013 Scotland is one of our top travel destinations for 2013 , and as the country gears up for its “Year of Natural Scotland” there's a chance to take in some of its more turbulent stories. Scottish history reads like a real life “Game Of Thrones.” Here’s a tour of some of Scotland’s most famous battlefields -- and a stirring picture of a people fighting for independence. 1. Stirling Bridge, 1297 The Wallace Monument -- one of the places to view the Stirling countryside. If you’ve seen “Braveheart,” you’ll know that Stirling was the first great victory for rebellious Scottish landowner William Wallace against the forces of Edward “Longshanks” I of England. What you likely don’t know is that Wallace was joint commander with Andrew Murray, head of a powerful Scottish family, who had raised the flag of rebellion the previous year. Stirling was arguably more Murray’s victory than Wallace’s -- but he had no chance to enjoy it, receiving a mortal wound and dying shortly afterward. Murray isn’t mentioned in “Braveheart,” but that’s not the film’s most ludicrous omission. The masterstroke that won Stirling was the Scots waiting until the vanguard of the English army had crossed a narrow wooden bridge, then storming forward, trapping the vanguard and cutting it to pieces. The English commander ordered the bridge destroyed and consigned half his army to oblivion. In “Braveheart” the battle is won by the convenient invention of the schiltron (cluster of spears) to fend off cavalry. In fact, schiltrons had been around for centuries. And the film’s version of Stirling? Not a bridge to be seen. Today The best place to survey the landscape around Stirling is to climb to the Wallace Monument (pictured), a 19th-century tower commemorating the Guardian of Scotland, a title also given to the tragically overlooked Murray. The majority of the battlefield is now under modern Stirling . Stirling Bridge is an hour’s drive west of Edinburgh along the M9. Weir Street, Stirling, FK8 1RN 2. Falkirk, 1298 A fearsome sight, even before they start charging. After a year of employing hit-and-run warfare against the increasingly strengthened English army, the Scots stood their ground. Wallace wanted a night-raid, but was overruled -- the battle would take place on open land, in daylight. Wallace chose a defensive position and arranged his pikemen, archers and knights. The English mounted knights charged, driving Scottish horses away but failing to penetrate the four great schiltrons of foot soldiers. In Gibson’s “Braveheart,” the Scots lose because some of their noblemen (including Robert the Bruce himself) betray Wallace. The truth appears to be more prosaic: isolated and unable to escape, the schiltrons were riddled with English arrows until they fell apart. Wallace fled, resigned as Guardian of Scotland and largely disappeared from historical records until his capture in 1305. Following his trial in August, he was executed in a manner that makes the film look positively restrained. Today Nobody knows exactly where the battle of Falkirk took place -- many sites have been suggested around the modern town, halfway between Edinburgh and Glasgow. It’s possible future archaeological investigations will find remnants of the battle, but for now it’s a mystery. Beyond hunting for arrowheads, the best reason to visit the town today is the marvel of engineering known as the Falkirk Wheel . Falkirk is an hour’s drive west of Edinburgh along the M9. 3. Bannockburn, 1314 Nearing 700 years later, this small village is still remembering. Following Wallace’s defeat at Falkirk, the title of Guardian of Scotland shifted to Robert the Bruce, who in 1306 was crowned King of Scots. Despite (or because of) this national display of solidarity, the English continued to push for dominance. R",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Where was Thomas Becket murdered?",
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"content": "The Murder of Thomas Becket, 1170 The Murder Of Thomas Becket, 1170 Printer Friendly Version >>> A sword's crushing blow extinguished the life of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, on a cold December evening as he struggled on the steps of his altar. The brutal event sent a tremor through Medieval Europe. Public opinion of the time and subsequent history have laid the blame for the murder at the feet of Becket's former close personal friend, King Henry II. Becket was born in 1118, in Normandy the son of an English merchant. His family was well off, his father a former Sheriff of London. Becket benefited from his family's status first by being sent to Paris for his education and from there to England where he joined the household of Theobold, the then Archbishop of Canterbury. Becket's administrative skills, his charm, intelligence and diplomacy propelled him forward. The archbishop sent him to Paris to study law and upon his return to England made him Archdeacon of Canterbury. A Medieval Mass Becket's big break came in 1154, when Theobold introduced him to the newly crowned King, Henry II. The two hit it off immediately, their similar personal chemistries forming a strong bond between them. Henry named Becket his Chancellor. Archbishop Theobold died in 1161, and Henry immediately saw the opportunity to increase his influence over the Church by naming his loyal advisor to the highest ecclesiastical post in the land. Henry petitioned the Pope who agreed. There was only one slight hindrance. Becket, busy at court, had never been ordained. No problem, Becket was first invested as a priest. The next day he was ordained a Bishop, and that afternoon, June 2, 1162, made Archbishop of Canterbury. If King Henry believed that by having \"his man\" in the top post of the Church, he could easily impose his will upon this powerful religious institution, he was sadly mistaken. Becket's allegiance shifted from the court to the Church inspiring him to take a stand against his king. In those days, the Church reserved the right to try felonious clerics in their own religious courts of justice and not those of the crown. Henry was determined to increase control of his realm by eliminating this custom. In 1163, a Canon accused of murder was acquitted by a church court. The public outcry demanded justice and the Canon was brought before a court of the king. Becket's protest halted this attempt but the action spurred King Henry to change the laws to extend his courts' jurisdiction over the clergy. Becket vacillated in his support of the king, finally refusing to agree to changes in the law. His stand prompted a royal summons to Henry's court at Northampton and the king's demand to know what Becket had done with the large sums of money that had passed through his hands as Chancellor. \"Who will rid meddlesome priest?\" Seeing the writing on the wall, Becket fled to France where he remained in exile for six years. The two former friends appeared to resolve their dispute in 1170 when King Henry and Becket met in Normandy. On November 30, Becket crossed the Channel returning to his post at Canterbury. Earlier, while in France, Becket had excomunicated the Bishops of London and Salisbury for their support of the king. Now, Becket remained steadfast in his refusal to absolve the bishops. This news threw King Henry (still in France) into a rage in which he was purported to shout: \"What sluggards, what cowards have I brought up in my court, who care nothing for their allegiance to their lord. Who will rid me of this meddlesome priest.\" The king's exact words have been lost to history but his outrage inspired four knights to sail to England to rid the realm of this annoying prelate. They arrived at Canterbury during the afternoon of December 29 and immediately searched for the Archbishop. Becket fled to the Cathedral where a service was in progress. The knights found him at the altar, drew their swords and began hacking at their victim finally splitting his skull. The death of Becket unnerved the king. The kni",
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; BBC TV science presenter Brian Cox played keyboards with which nineties band ?",
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{
"content": "The Observer profile: Brian Cox | Science | The Guardian The Observer profile Putting the fizz into physics The former keyboard player with D:Ream is set to become the nation's favourite scientist after talking us through the subatomic goings-on at Cern. Just don't mention the end of the world... Saturday 13 September 2008 19.01 EDT First published on Saturday 13 September 2008 19.01 EDT Share on Messenger Close In the transient media parlance, Gordon Ramsay is a 'rock star' chef, Dan Snow is a 'rock star' historian and Sarah Palin is now a 'rock star' politician. In the case of Dr Brian Cox , the soubriquet is not so much tired as justified. The scientist who leapt to ubiquity last week, enthusing over what he describes as mankind's 'biggest project since Apollo', had a previous life in a Nineties band with regular gigs on Top of the Pops. Cox played keyboards for D:Ream for the last time in May 1997. The occasion was New Labour's election night party at the Royal Festival Hall, and the song was 'Things Can Only Get Better'. In the years that followed, Britain got Blair and physics got its own ambitious, telegenic communicator in Cox. Today, as Blair's heir is apparently sucked into a black hole, Cox is poised to slip the surly bonds of geekiness and become the god of small things. A youthful 40, without a boffin whisker in sight, and articulating in the kind of regional accent that TV executives find 'warm', Cox became the acceptable face of physics last week when the world's most powerful particle experiment was switched on at the Cern international science centre. In vast underground caverns near Geneva, the £5bn Large Hadron Collider (LHC), where Cox works on a particle detector called Atlas, has begun recreating the conditions present in the universe less than a billionth of a second after the big bang. The event captured the public imagination, or at least the media's, on the day with blanket coverage on Radio 4 and an image on Google's homepage, which the internet company told Cox will have been seen by around half a billion people. To Cox himself fell the role of public oracle, conveying the strange beauty and violence of subatomic particles, and making unfathomably complex science accessible to the man in the street via BBC2's Newsnight, Radio 4, Australia's equivalent of Friday Night with Jonathan Ross and countless other media. He reeled off facts and figures of undeniable wow factor: the accelerator's circumference of 27 kilometres, buried about 100 metres underground; the temperature inside the tube, -271C, colder than space, making it the biggest fridge in the world; a proton beam whizzing around one way - 11,000 times a second, with as much energy as an aircraft carrier going at 30mph - and another proton beam whizzing around the other way; the beams smashing together up to 600 million times a second. Among the aims of the biggest experiment of all time: to isolate the elusive Higgs boson, or 'God particle', which gives the matter in the universe its mass. As Cox put it, with his gift for user-friendly terms, that really means: why is this table solid? Some marginal scientists warned that the LHC might conjure a black hole that would gobble up the entire planet, a gift to any headline writer who ever dreamt of plastering 'End of the world is nigh' on sandwich boards. Cox and his colleagues received cranky emails including implied death threats. Eventually, as peeved as Richard Dawkins at a convention of creationists, he delivered a blunt riposte: 'Anyone who thinks the LHC will destroy the world is a twat.' In this plain-speaking professor from Manchester University, television might have discovered its evangelist for science. Just as history has fresh-faced Tristram Hunt or Bettany Hughes brimming with passion for the subject, so Cox's enthusiasm for physics could be the biggest boost for the subject since David Tennant flourished a sonic screwdriver in Doctor Who. He has the looks, the likes-a-drink-or-two street cred, and still a lingering rebellious streak: he married his American wife, glamorous TV p",
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trivia_qa_1505704
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name for the point on the earth's surface that is directly above an earthquake?",
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"content": "EARTHQUAKES EARTHQUAKES Earthquakes are vibrations triggered by sudden rock movements deep underground, which cause Earth’s surface to shake. Major earthquakes can shatter whole cities, killing people and bringing buildings and bridges crashing down. WHAT CAUSES EARTHQUAKES? Earthquakes are caused by the movements of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s outer crust. Driven by currents in the semi-molten layer below the crust, the plates slowly drift over Earth’s surface and collide, grind together, or pull apart. Most earthquakes occur on fault lines—cracks in Earth’s crust where two plates meet and grind together. Most earthquakes begin deep underground at a point called the focus. As the rocks shatter at the focus, shock waves called seismic waves radiate outward in all directions. The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter. This is where most damage occurs. WHAT HAPPENS DURING AN EARTHQUAKE? As tectonic plates grind together at a fault line, the rocks on either side stretch to absorb a certain amount of pressure. If the pressure becomes too great, the rocks shatter, releasing shock waves that shake the surface. Buildings then sway and topple, and fires may start as gas and electricity lines are ripped apart. WHERE DO MOST EARTHQUAKES STRIKE? Most earthquakes, and also volcanic eruptions, occur on or near the edges of Earth’s tectonic plates. They are most common in the “Ring of Fire,” the name given to the edge of the vast Pacific Plate that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. Japan, the Philippines, New Zealand, and the western coastline of North and South America all lie in this major fault zone. HOW ARE EARTHQUAKES MEASURED? The study of earthquakes is called seismology. Scientists measure and record earthquakes using devices called seismometers. The size of an earthquake is measured according to its magnitude (the size of the shock waves and the energy produced) or its effects. FIND OUT MORE",
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trivia_qa_1505705
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the structures which allow stems to breathe?",
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"content": "The Open Door Web Site : Biology : How Plants Breathe : The Differences in the Exchange of Gases between Plant Respiration and Photosynthesis Remember that a green plant respires all the time, day and night. A green plant photosynthesizes only in the presence of sunlight. All parts of the plant respire, the leaves, the stem, the roots and even the flowers. The parts above the soil get their oxygen directly from the air through pores. The pores in the leaves are called stomata (singular: stoma). The pores in the branches of trees are called lenticels. The drawing shows a leaf of a ficus plant. A small part of the underside of the leaf has been magnified to show the stomata. The average number of stomata per mm2 of leaf is around 300. The smallest number is found on Tradescantia leaves which have 14 per mm2 . The highest number of stomata is found on the leaves of the Spanish oak tree. Here there are around 1200 per mm2 . The roots of a plant also need oxygen which they obtain from the air spaces in the soil. If you give too much water to a plant in a pot you could kill the roots by drowning them! Plants, such as rice, which normally grow in wet soil often have air spaces in their roots. This is so that they can carry air from the atmosphere down to the root tips to be able to respire under water. The Open Door Web Site is non-profit making. Your donations help towards the cost of maintaining this free service on-line. Donate to the Open Door Web Site using PayPal © The Open Door Team 2017 Any questions or problems regarding this site should be addressed to the webmaster © Paul Billiet and Shirley Burchill 2017",
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trivia_qa_1505706
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"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Who composed the orchestral march \"\"Crown Imperial\"\", it was used for the coronation of King George VI in 1937?\"",
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"content": "William Walton : Crown Imperial - YouTube William Walton : Crown Imperial Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Sep 4, 2010 Crown Imperial is an orchestral march by the English composer William Walton. It was first performed at the coronation of King George VI in 1937, and substantially revised in 1963. Walton composed the march originally for performance at the coronation of King Edward VIII, which was scheduled for 12 May 1937. However, Edward abdicated in 1936. The coronation was held on the scheduled day, with Edward's brother George VI being crowned instead. Category",
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trivia_qa_1505707
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In chess, what results when a player is not in check but cannot make a legal move?",
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"content": "Rules of Chess: Check, Mate, and Stalemate has no legal move Consider for example the following position: Suppose it is the turn of black to move. Black has no legal move: his pawn cannot move, and his king also cannot move as every place it could go is attacked by white. The knight also cannot move, as moving the knight would mean that the white rook would give check. Also, white does not give check to black, so it is a stalemate. In case of a stalemate, the game is a draw: 1/2 - 1/2. Is this checkmate or stalemate? The other night my husband was playing with a friend. He had him in check, and the only way he could move out of check was to move his king next to his opponents king, therefore being in \"check\" by the king. Now was this checkmate or stalemate? This is checkmate. The king is attacked, and there is no legal move to go out of check. So the game is won for the player that gives the check. Consider the following position. White to move. White is in check, and the only positions the white king can move to are g1 and g2, but both are not allowed because the king would be in check there as he would be next to the opponents king. So white is mated and black won the game. Can a player in check win the game by checkmating his opponent with one move (a move that does not move the checked king)? A move that does not lift the check is illegal. So, if this move does not lift the check, then: no. However, the following could happen: the player can take the piece that gives the check and mates at the same time. Consider the position above. The white queen can take the black rook, thus lifting the check and giving mate at the same time. What happens if you make a move that leaves your king accidentally in check? After completing a move I discovered that I had accidently exposed my king. My opponent discovered it and said \"check mate\". I told her my previous move had to be annulled since the king couldn't be exposed. Is this correct? This is indeed correct. A move which leaves your king in check is illegal, and should be taken back, and another, legal, move should be made. The player that made the illegal move does not lose the game. The touched piece rule applies however, so, if possible, if there is a legal move with the piece that was first illegally moves, then such a move should be done. See for example the following diagram. Suppose white moves his king to c1, the square with the red circle. This move is illegal, and the bishop then checks the king. The move should be taken back, and white must instead move his king to a1, the square with the green circle; he is no longer allowed to move a pawn. An exception to this is when the rules of speed chess are used. In this form of chess, used when playing with clocks with only a few (e.g., 3 or 5) minutes per player for the entire game, the touched piece rule does not apply; a rule is final when the clock is punched, and a player can claim a win when the opponent makes an illegal move. (Speed chess rules apply only when these are agreed on before the game.) What happens if you touch a pinned piece? If I have a rook directly in front of the bishop of my opponent, and his king is behind it and he touches the bishop ready to move it which leaves his king expose to my rook which means his king will be in check? Does he have to move it? Being that he touched it. Did my opponent lose the game? No, he doesn't lose the game. If there is no legal move with the bishop (and moving such that your king is in check is illegal), then he doesn't have to play it. See for example this diagram. If white touches his bishop, then this has no consequences, as the bishop has no legal move. So, white can instead play his king (e.g., King b1-a2.) Is it true that you cannot take a piece that gives check? I was playing a friend. He checked my king with his bishop and I took his piece with a knight. He told me if he checked my king I could not take his piece he used to check my king. I had to move the king or block the check with another piece ( in this case, that piece being my queen). I have not",
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trivia_qa_1505708
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Morse code, what was the radio distress signal used before the adoption of SOS in 1908?",
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"content": "SOS, CQD and the History of Maritime Distress Calls To Telegraph Office Main Page Welcome back to the Telegraph Office. This month we are going to diverge a little from talking about wire and wireless artifacts and talk about wireless telegraph distress signals. Mystery, intrigue as well as misinformation surrounds the origin and use of maritime distress calls. The general populace believes that \"SOS\" signifies \"Save Our Ship.\" Casual students of radio history are aware that \"CQD\" preceded the use of \"SOS.\" Why were these signals adopted? When were they used? Why did one replace the other? What is one likely to find by digging a little deeper? The practical use of wireless telegraphy was made possible by Guglielmo Marconi in the closing years of the 19th century. Until then, ships at sea out of visual range were very much isolated from shore and other ships. A ship could vanish from the high seas, and no one would know until that vessel failed to make a port connection. Marconi, seeing that wireless would not compete with wire telegraphy for land based communication, concentrated his efforts on ship to shore communications. Ships equipped with wireless were no longer isolated. The first use of wireless in communicating the need for assistance came in March of 1899. The East Goodwin Lightship, marking the southeastern English coast, was rammed in a fog in the early morning hours by the SS R. F. Matthews. A distress call was transmitted to a shore station at South Foreland and help was dispatched. By 1904 there were many Trans-Atlantic British ships equipped with wireless. The wireless operators came from the ranks of railroad and postal telegraphers. In England a general call on the landline wire was a \"CQ.\" \"CQ\" preceded time signals and special notices. \"CQ\" was generally adopted by telegraph and cable stations all over the world. By using \"CQ,\" each station receives a message from a single transmission and an economy of time and labor was realized. Naturally, \"CQ\" went with the operators to sea and was likewise used for a general call. This sign for \"all stations\" was adopted soon after wireless came into being by both ships and shore stations. At the first international congress of wireless telegraphy in 1903, the Italians recommended the use of \"SSSDDD\" to signal an emergency. \"D\" had previously been used internationally as the signal for an urgent message. The origin of \"S\" is not known, but it may have come from the first letter of the word ship, indicating a ship in distress. The sending of \"SSSDDD\" would signal all other stations to stop sending and leave the channel open for emergency traffic. Though discussed, it was not adopted. Deciding on a distress signal was put on the agenda for the next meeting in 1906. \"DDD\" would later be adopted for the silent signal, indicating all stations must cease sending. In 1904, the Marconi company filled the gap by suggesting the use of \"CQD\" for a distress signal. It was established on February 1 of that year by Marconi Company's circular No. 57. Although generally accepted to mean, \"Come Quick Danger,\" that is not the case. It is a general call, \"CQ,\" followed by \"D,\" meaning distress. A strict interpretation would be \"All stations, Distress.\" In the U.S. Senate hearings following the Titanic disaster, interrogator Senator William Smith asked Harold Bride, the surviving wireless operator, \"Is CQD in itself composed of the first letter of three words, or merely a code?\" Bride responded, \"Merely a code call sir.\" Marconi also testified, \"It [CQD] is a conventional signal which was introduced originally by my company to express a state of danger or peril of a ship that sends it.\" At the second Berlin Radiotelegraphic Conference of 1906, the subject of a distress signal was again addressed. The distress signal chosen was \"SOS.\" (The American distress signal \"NC\" for \"Call for help without delay\" was not adopted, although it remains as the international flag symbol for distress to this day.) Popular accounts portray the adoption of \"SOS\" as being derived from \"S",
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trivia_qa_1505709
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What empire, based in Cusco, once controlled much of the Andes?",
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"content": "Inka, an introduction | Inka (article) | Khan Academy Inka, an introduction Email A huge empire From their capital, Cuzco, in the central Peruvian Andes, the Inca created a huge empire reaching over 2,400 miles along the length of the Andes. The supreme head of state was the king, considered a living god ruling by divine right and the royal family controlled important areas of government such as the army. The empire’s economy was based on taxed labour. People contributed part of their labour to the state and the state-controlled religion. People farmed and herded animals, worked in mines and produced specialized goods such as clothing and pottery. The surplus was stored in numerous warehouses (tambos) for use by the army and state laborers. Miniature gold llama figurine, Peru, Inca, c. 1500 C.E., 6.3 x 1 cm © Trustees of the British Museum Miniature gold llama figurine, c. 1500 C.E., Inca, gold, 6.3 x 1 cm, Peru © Trustees of the British Museum Inca colonists were settled in newly conquered territories as a way of managing subject peoples and spreading Inca language and customs. Local lords were enlisted into the system of government to maintain order in their provinces, rebellious communities were resettled in the Inca heartland. Inca engineers and laborers built a network of thousands of miles of roads and bridges to connect the empire. They constructed administrative centers, storehouses and military bases. A system of runners carrying information recorded on knotted strings called quipus also linked the capital to the regions. Cuzco: the center of the Inca world The capital of Cuzco was the center of the Inca world. Radiating from the central plaza the four main Inca roads led to the four corners of the empire. A sacred city of temples, royal palaces and residences for housing carefully-preserved bodies of dead rulers, early histories say the Inca likened Cuzco to the body of a puma (wild mountain cat), a symbol of Inca royalty. The most sacred building in Cuzco was the Coricancha, a temple devoted to the sun, the main Inca deity. Its stone walls were covered in sheets of gold to reflect the sun’s light. From this temple a system of sight-lines (ceques) radiated outwards dividing the surrounding landscape like slices of a pie. Over 300 shrines were situated at sacred places along these lines and there formed part of a sophisticated agricultural calendar. Two carved stone vessels This massive circular ritual vessel or cocha is sculpted from a single block of black volcanic basalt from the imperial capital Cusco. This is one of a small number of surviving vessels of this size that were probably housed in the Coricancha—the Temple of the Sun—or adjacent sacred buildings. It was probably used as a receptacle for liquid offerings, perhaps simple to hold water and create a still, reflective surface regarded as an eye seeing into the underworld. Stone ritual vessel with snake motifs, Peru, late 15th century, Inca Colonial, basalt, 15 x 40 cm © Trustees of the British Museum Stone ritual vessel with snake motifs, late 15th century, Inca Colonial, basalt, 15 x 40 cm, Peru © Trustees of the British Museum The tightly nestled concentric coils of the snake’s body mimics moving water. Ten serpent heads are symmetrically arranged around the vessel rim in a pattern resembling the ceque system which was used by the Incas to organize space in Cusco and the land beyond. Inca carved stone vessel, basalt, Inca Colonial 18 x 50 x 67 cm © Trustees of the British Museum Inca carved stone vessel, late 15th century, basalt, 18 x 50 x 67 cm, Inca Colonial, Cuzco© Trustees of the British Museum Inca ritual vessels of a similar size are usually carved with spiraling serpents and the example above is no different. But this piece is unique as it is the only known example which is inscribed with figurative scenes. It is thought that these were applied in the early colonial period. Inca carved stone vessel, late 15th century, Inca Colonial, basalt, 18 x 50 x 67 cm © Trustees of the British Museum Solar disk flanked by two figures (detail), Inc",
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trivia_qa_1505710
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; An odalisque is a female what?",
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"content": "Odalisque | Define Odalisque at Dictionary.com odalisque noun 1. a female slave or concubine in a harem, especially in that of the sultan of Turkey. 2. (initial capital letter) any of a number of representations of such a woman or of a similar subject, as by Ingres or Matisse. Origin of odalisque Turkish 1675-1685 1675-85; < French, alteration of earlier odalique (with -s- perhaps from -esque -esque ) < Turkish odalιk concubine, equivalent to oda room + -lιk noun suffix of appurtenance Dictionary.com Unabridged Examples from the Web for odalisque Expand Sickly perfumes, as from the fan of an odalisque, swept over them. The Drunkard Cyril Arthur Edward Ranger Gull To a lonely man such as I then was, the thought of having an odalisque about, was very comforting. A Speckled Bird Augusta J. Evans Wilson And then he caught sight of a familiar pair of gray eyes smiling over the white veil of an odalisque. The Fortieth Door Mary Hastings Bradley British Dictionary definitions for odalisque Expand a female slave or concubine Word Origin C17: via French, changed from Turkish ōdalik, from ōdah room + -lik n suffix Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012 Word Origin and History for odalisque Expand n. \"female slave in a harem,\" 1680s, from French odalisque (1660s), from Turkish odaliq \"maidservant,\" from odah \"room in a harem,\" literally \"chamber, hall,\" + -liq, suffix expressing function. In French, the suffix was confused with Greek -isk(os) \"of the nature of, belonging to.\" Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper",
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trivia_qa_1505711
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which city is at the confluence of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers?",
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"content": "CONFLUENCE OF ST LAWRENCE AND OTTAWA RIVERS,Antique Map�::�Antique Maps of United States�::�Antique Maps of North America�::�Antique Maps�::�Antique Prints and Antique Maps from Vintage-Views.com Approx Image Size : 4 1/2 X 4 inches Approx Overall Size: 7 X 10 1/2 inches Scale : 1: 450,000 Two Mountains, Lake of the (63 sq mi/163 sq km), S Que., Canada, expansion of the Ottawa R., extends 24 mi/39 km bet. Rigaud and Jesus Isl.; 1 mi/2 km6 mi/10 km wide. Contains Île Bizard. Drains NE into the St. Lawrence by Mille Îles and Prairies rivers.he Lac des Deux Montagnes is part of the delta widening of the Ottawa River in Quebec, Canada, where it feeds into the Saint Lawrence River, around the many islands of the Hochelaga Archipelago through this lake to the northeast, or neighbouring Lac Saint-Louis, which takes the St Lawrence south of the Island of Montreal. The \"Lake of Two Mountains\" flows into two key tributaries: rivière des Mille-Îles to the north, and the rivière des Prairies to the south. The present city of Deux-Montagnes is located on the north shore of the lake where it flows into the rivière des Mille Îles, that forms the limits of the Île Jésus, or the city of Laval. The Rivière des Prairies divides Laval from Montreal. The name Deux-Montagnes dates to 1674. The exact origin of this name is unclear, but it is thought to refer to the two highest points of Mont Oka, or to the fact, when seen from a distance, Mont Oka to the north and Mont Rigaud to the south appear to be neighbouring the lake. Lac Saint-Louis is a lake in extreme southwestern Quebec, Canada, adjoining the Island of Montreal at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers. One can actually see a line in the middle of the lake where the two different-coloured waters meet. The lake is bounded to the north and east by the Island of Montreal and the west by Île Perrot. The town of Beauharnois and the Beauharnois power-dam and canal lie to its south. The lake contains a shipping channel, part of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, joining the South Shore and Beauharnois canals. To the west, at the lock in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, the lake connects to Lac des Deux-Montagnes. (wikipedia) CONDITION: BOOKPLATE INTEXT MAP - Excellent Condition. Map Image is clean, clear, sharp with beautiful detail. As scanned. There is TEXT ON BACK SIDE. Printed on cream color coated paper. I prefer paypal or money orders. Checks accepted from USA or Canada buyers. Delivery time for items can be anywhere from 10-28 days depending on your location. Items will be shipped within 2 business days of payment received. Checks will need time to clear before items are sent. Details",
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trivia_qa_1505712
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who wrote the TV series 'The Wire'?",
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"content": "The Wire - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com EDIT In chronicling a multi-generational family business dealing illegal drugs and the efforts of the Baltimore police to curb their trade, this series draws parallels between these organizations and the men and women on either side of the battle. The words of Gary W. Potter, Professor of Criminal Justice and Police Studies at Eastern Kentucky University, in writing about the savings and loan scandals of the 1980s, can also be used to illuminate some of the central premises of the show: \"There is precious little difference between those people who society designates as respectable and law abiding and those people society castigates as hoodlums and thugs. The world of corporate finance and corporate capital is as criminogenic and probably more criminogenic than any poverty-wracked slum neighborhood. The distinctions drawn between business, politics, and organized crime are at best artificial and in reality irrelevant. Rather than being dysfunctions, corporate crime, white-collar crime, organized crime, and political corruption are mainstays of American political-economic life.\" Tim Goodman, the television critic for The San Francisco Chronicle, summed the show up perfectly when he wrote: \"This show is precisely the reason you pay for HBO.\" In New York's Newsday, Diane Werts says: \"Most TV crime series aspire to John Grisham's level. 'The Wire' aspires to Dostoevsky's.\" Season Themes Season One centers around a family of drug dealers and the innerworkings of their empire. It also follows the detectives who are trying to catch the high members of the empire. Season Two steps away from the drug trade (while still mentioning characters from the previous season) to a case of dead prostitutes which turns into a look at the corruption surrounding the Port. Season Three investigates politics and finishes the main stories that were left open in season one. Season Four focuses on four middle school students and their journeys through the public school system and continues to address the politics of an inner-city and the issues of an election. Season Five is rumored to be about the media's role in Baltimore. Season Five will be the show's final season. Theme Music In the Season One opening credits, the Blind Boys of Alabama did Tom Waits's \"Way Down in the Hole\". The Season Two opening credits feature Waits's version of the song. According to creator David Simon, \"It was our way of saying: This is the same show (song) but this year, the tale itself (singer, tonality) will be different.\" The Neville Brothers's version of the song opens Season Three. The theme which plays over the end credits was composed by the show's music supervisor, Blake Leyh. International Airings Australia -- Monday at 12:00 p.m. on Ch.9. Currently airing Season 3. New Zealand -- Wednesday at 11:40 p.m. on TV2, beginning December 15, 2004. moreless By fish1413 Aug 16, 2013 Story By Kaitlin Thomas Oct 10, 2013 Story",
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trivia_qa_1505713
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; By what name was Rocco Francis Marchegiano heavyweight boxing world champion from September 1952, to April 1956 better known?",
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"content": "April 27, 1956 : Rocky Marciano retires as world heavyweight champion Introduction On April 27, 1956, world heavyweight champ Rocky Marciano retires from boxing at age 31, saying he wants to spend more time with his family. Marciano ended his career as the only heavyweight champion with a perfect record–49 wins in 49 professional bouts, with 43 knockouts. Rocco Francis Marchegiano was born into a working-class family in Brockton, Massachusetts, on September 1, 1923. After being drafted into the U.S. Army in 1943, he reportedly began boxing as a way to get out of kitchen duty and other less-than-desirable jobs. Marciano finished his military service in 1946 and continued to box as an amateur. He tried out for the Chicago Cubs, but his dream of becoming a pro baseball player ended when he was soon cut from the team. He returned to boxing and fought his first professional match on March 17, 1947, defeating Lee Epperson in a third-round knockout. Marciano went on to win his next 15 matches by knockout. He became known as a tough fighter and powerful puncher, but he was criticized for his awkward style, which some though lacked finesse. On October 26, 1951, Marciano signaled to the boxing world that he was a contender when he faced former heavyweight champ Joe Louis and knocked him out in the eighth round. Marciano captured the heavyweight crown in Philadelphia on September 23, 1952, when he scored a knockout against defending champ Jersey Joe Walcott in the 13th round. Marciano faced Walcott again in Chicago on May 15, 1953, and defeated him in a first-round knockout. Marciano, nicknamed the “Brockton Blockbuster,” would successfully defend his title five more times, with his last professional bout, against Archie Moore in New York on September 21, 1955, ending in a ninth-round KO. On April 27, 1956, Marciano announced his retirement from boxing and said he had no plans to return to the ring for a comeback. Marciano died in a small-plane crash in Iowa on August 31, 1969. Article Details: April 27, 1956 : Rocky Marciano retires as world heavyweight champion Author April 27, 1956 : Rocky Marciano retires as world heavyweight champion URL",
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trivia_qa_1505714
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The charity “Bliss” supports who or what?",
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},
{
"content": "Iain Gray is fundraising for Bliss We help premature and sick babies in the UK to give every baby the best possible future Story Thanks for taking the time to visit my JustGiving page. On 4th August, I will be taking part in RideLondon, an amazing 100-mile closed-road cycling race that starts at the Olympic Stadium, heads through the centre of London and out into the Surrey hills before returning to the finish line on the Mall. It follows a similar route to the Olympic road race last year, and will have 20,000 cyclists taking part. I'm raising money for Bliss - a fantastic charity that supports premature babies and their parents. Despite having recently become a father, I can't begin to imagine how challenging it must be for parents of premature babies to get through those first few days, weeks and months, and I have great respect for the work that Bliss do every day to help them. You can find out more here: http://www.bliss.org.uk/ Donating through JustGiving is simple, fast and totally secure. Your details are safe with JustGiving – they’ll never sell them on or send unwanted emails. Once you donate, they’ll send your money directly to the charity. So it’s the most efficient way to donate – saving time and cutting costs for the charity. No matter how small your contribution, it will be very gratefully received, and will help spur me on as I'm pounding the hills in August Thanks in advance for your support Iain",
"role": "assistant"
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trivia_qa_1505715
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the Democratic Republic of the Congo called from 1971-1997?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Congo, Republic of the - definition of Congo, Republic of the by The Free Dictionary Congo, Republic of the - definition of Congo, Republic of the by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Congo%2c+Republic+of+the Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Congo top: Democratic Republic of the Congo bottom: Republic of the Congo Con·go (kŏng′gō) 1. Officially Democratic Republic of the Congo.Formerly (1971-1997) Za·ire (zī′îr, zä-îr′)and (1960-1971) Congoand (1908-1960) Belgian Congoand (1885-1908) Congo Free State. A country of central Africa astride the equator. Inhabited originally by Pygmy peoples and later by migrating Bantu and Nilotic groups, the region came under the control of Leopold II of Belgium in the late 1870s and was annexed outright in 1908. Full independence was achieved in 1960. Army general Mobutu Sese Seko took control of the country in 1965, ruling until his ouster by rebel forces in 1997. Kinshasa is the capital and the largest city. 2. Officially Republic of the Congo. A country of west-central Africa with a short coastline on the Atlantic Ocean. It was part of French Equatorial Africa before becoming independent in 1960. A Marxist state was established in 1970, but in the early 1990s Marxism was abandoned in favor of a multiparty system, and a new constitution was adopted. Brazzaville is the capital and the largest city. Congo (ˈkɒŋɡəʊ) n 1. (Placename) Democratic Republic of Congo a republic in S central Africa, with a narrow strip of land along the Congo estuary leading to the Atlantic in the west: Congo Free State established in 1885, with Leopold II of Belgium as absolute monarch; became the Belgian Congo colony in 1908; gained independence in 1960, followed by civil war and the secession of Katanga (until 1963); President Mobutu Sese Seko seized power in 1965; declared a one-party state in 1978, and was overthrown by rebels in 1997. The country consists chiefly of the Congo basin, with large areas of dense tropical forest and marshes, and the Mitumba highlands reaching over 5000 m (16 000 ft) in the east. Official language: French. Religion: Christian majority, animist minority. Currency: Congolese franc. Capital: Kinshasa. Pop: 75 507 308 (2013 est). Area: 2 344 116 sq km (905 063 sq miles). Former names: Congo Free State (1885–1908), Belgian Congo (1908–60), Congo-Kinshasa (1960–71) or Zaïre (1971–97) 2. (Placename) Republic of Congo another name for Congo-Brazzaville 3. (Placename) the second longest river in Africa, rising as the Lualaba on the Katanga plateau in the Democratic Republic of Congo and flowing in a wide northerly curve to the Atlantic: forms the border between Congo-Brazzaville and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Length: about 4800 km (3000 miles). Area of basin: about 3 000 000 sq km (1 425 000 sq miles). Former Zaïrese name (1971–97): Zaïre 4. (Peoples) a variant spelling of Kongo 5. (Languages) a variant spelling of Kongo Con•go (ˈkɒŋ goʊ) n. 1. Republic of the, a republic in central Africa, W of the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a former French territory; gained independence 1960. 2,716,814; 124,504 sq. mi. (322,463 sq. km). Cap.: Brazzaville. Formerly, French Congo , Middle Congo. 2. Democratic Republic of the, a republic in central Africa: a former Belgian colony; gained independence 1960. 50,481,305; 905,063 sq. mi. (2,344,113 sq. km). Cap.: Kinshasa. Formerly, Zaire, Belgian Congo, Congo Free State. 3. Also called Zaire. a river in central Africa, flowing in a great loop from SE Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Atlantic. ab. 3000 mi. (4800 km) long. Con`go•lese′ (-gəˈliz, -ˈlis) adj., n., pl. -lese. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:",
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}
] |
trivia_qa_1505716
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the more common name for the confection rahat lokum?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Turkish Delight - CHARACTER EDUCATION CHARACTER EDUCATION Turkish Delight, lokum or loukoum Turkish Delight, lokum or loukoum is a confection made from starch and sugar. It is often flavored with rosewater and lemon, the former giving it a characteristic pale pink color. It has a soft, jelly-like and sometimes sticky consistency, and is often packaged and eaten in small cubes that are dusted with sugar or copra to prevent sticking. Some types contain small nut pieces, usually pistachio, hazelnut or walnuts. Other common types include flavors such as cinnamon or mint. Origin Reay Tannahill suggests that the Persian confection ahbisa (jelly) was the ancestor of Turkish rahat lokum, the long name for the sweet. According to the Ali Muhiddin Hacı Bekir Company of Istanbul, founded in 1777, lokum was popularized by them during the 19th century. Lokum was introduced to the west in the 19th century. During his travels to Istanbul, an unknown Briton became very fond of the delicacy, purchased cases of lokum, and shipped them to Britain under the name Turkish Delight. It became a major delicacy not only in Britain, but throughout continental Europe. Name The Turkish word lokum may come from lokma in Turkish or لقومlukuum, the Arabic plural of لقمة luqma(t) 'morsel' or 'mouthful'. However, there is no other word used for morsel in Turkish either. Alternatively, it may have derived from Ottoman rahat hulkum or Arabic راحة الحلقم rahat al-hulkum 'contentment of the throat'. In Libya, for example, it is known as ḥalgūm. In English, it was formerly called \"lumps of delight\". Around the world In North America, Turkish Delight is not especially common, but it forms the basic foundation of the Big Turk and Fry's Turkish Delight chocolate bars. It is also the basis for most of Liberty Orchards' line of confectionery, including Aplets & Cotlets. It is known in Brazil (called rahat) due to Lebanese immigration. Armenian, Cypriot, Greek (called \"λουκούμι\", loukoumi), Albanian, Bulgarian, Macedonian (Albanian: \"llokum\", Bulgarian and Macedonian: \"локум\", lokum), Romanian (called \"rahat\"), former Yugoslav states like Bosnia and Herzegovina (called \"rahat lokum\"), or Serbia (\"ратлук\", ratluk), Iranian and other Middle Eastern cuisines also have sweets similar to Turkish delight. Jelly desserts are also common in Asia, but they are entirely different from the composition of Turkish Delight and that of other Middle Eastern cuisines: Korean chapssaeltteok, similar to Japanese mochi, is a sweet cake made from sticky rice and usually filled with sweet red bean paste. China has a similar cake too, usually using sesame paste as well as red beans. In popular culture Turkish Delight is the addictive confection to which Edmund Pevensie succumbs in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis. Sales of the confection periodically rose after the theatrical release ofThe Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe",
"role": "assistant"
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trivia_qa_1505717
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Name the German tribe which settled in Britain during the 5-6th centuries, whose name persists in a region of Denmark?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Germanic People - Tribes and Races The History of The Term Germanic Various etymologies for Latin Germani are possible. As an adjective, germani is simply the plural of the adjective germanus (from germen, \"seed\" or \"offshoot\"), which has the sense of \"related\" or \"kindred\" or \"authentic\". According to Strabo, the Romans introduced the name Germani, because the Germanic tribes were the authentic Celts (γνησίους Γαλάτας; gnisíous Galátas). Alternatively, it may refer from this use based on Roman experience of the Germanic tribes as allies of the Celts. The ethnonym seems to be attested in the Fasti Capitolini inscription for the year 222, DE GALLEIS INSVBRIBVS ET GERM(aneis), where it may simply refer to \"related\" peoples, namely related to the Gauls. Furthermore, since the inscriptions were erected only in 17 to 18 BCE, the word may be a later addition to the text. Another early mentioning of the name, this time by Poseidonios (writing around 80 BCE), is also dubious, as it only survives in a quotation by Athenaios (writing around 190 CE); the mention of Germani in this context was more likely inserted by Athenaios rather than by Poseidonios himself. The writer who apparently introduced the name \"Germani\" into the corpus of classical literature is Julius Caesar. He uses Germani in two slightly differing ways: one to describe any non-gaulic peoples of Germania, and one to denote the Germani Cisrhenani, a somewhat diffuse group of peoples in north-eastern Gaul, who cannot clearly be identified as either Celtic or Germanic. In this sense, Germani may be a loan from a Celtic exonym applied to the Germanic tribes, based on a word for \"neighbour\". Tacitus suggests that it might be from a tribe which changed its name after the Romans adapted it, but there is no evidence for this. The suggestion deriving the name from Gaulish term for \"neighbour\" invokes Old Irish gair, Welsh ger, \"near\", Irish gearr, \"cut, short\" (a short distance), from a Proto-Celtic root *gerso-s, further related to ancient Greek chereion, \"inferior\" and English gash. The Proto-Indo-European root could be of the form *khar-, *kher-, *ghar-, *gher-, \"cut\", from which also Hittite kar-, \"cut\", whence also Greek character. Apparently, the Germanic tribes did not have a self-designation (\"endonym\") that included all Germanic-speaking people but excluded all non-Germanic people. Non- Germanic peoples (primarily Celtic, Roman, Greek, the citizens of the Roman Empire), on the other hand, were called *walha- (this word lives forth in names such as Wales, Welsh, Cornwall, Walloons, Vlachs etc.). Yet, the name of the Suebi - which designated a larger group of tribes and was used almost indiscriminately with Germani in Caesar - was possibly a Germanic equivalent of the Latin name (*swē-ba- \"authentic\"). The Term of Teutonic or Deutsch Trying to identify a contemporary vernacular term and the associated nation with a classical name, Latin writers from the 10th century onwards used the learnèd adjective teutonicus (originally derived from the Teutones) to refer to East Francia (\"Regnum Teutonicum\") and its inhabitants. This usage is still partly present in modern English; hence the English use of \"Teutons\" in reference to the Germanic peoples in general besides the specific tribe of the Teutons defeated at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae in 102 BCE. The generic *þiuda- \"people\" occurs in many personal names such as Thiud-reks and also in the ethnonym of the Swedes from a cognate of Old English Sweo-ðēod and Old Norse: Sui-þióð (see e.g. Sö Fv1948;289). Additionally, þiuda- appears in Angel-ðēod (\"Anglo-Saxon people\") and Gut-þiuda (\"Gothic people\"). The adjective derived from this noun, *þiudiskaz, \"popular\", was later used with reference to the language of the people in contrast to the Latin language (earliest rec",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505718
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[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who became the first black Formula One driver in 2007?",
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},
{
"content": "Being F1's first black driver is important - Lewis Hamilton Lewis Hamilton Red Bull Racing Tag Heuer 446 50th F1 Grand Prix Win That one was for you, Muhammad Ali #CanadianGP \"BELIEVE. WORK HARD. TRUST IN YOURSELF.\" Play Your browser does not support the video tag. 3x FORMULA ONE WORLD CHAMPION Become Part of #TeamLH When I first started in Formula 1, I tried to ignore the fact I was the first black guy ever to race in the sport. But, as I've got older, I've really started to appreciate the implications. It's a pretty cool feeling to be the person to knock down a barrier - just like the Williams sisters did in tennis or Tiger Woods in golf. I get kids from all different cultures and nationalities coming up to me now, all wanting to be F1 drivers. They feel the sport is open to everyone. That's why it was so great to do the Top Gear festival in Barbados last weekend. I had so much fun, although being there meant so much more to me than having a good time. My immediate family are from the West Indies - from Trinidad and Grenada - and I have relatives all over the Caribbean. I am the only representative of that part of the world to drive in F1, so when Top Gear told me about the event I immediately said: \"I'd love to do it.\" It was really cool to go there and it was so busy. Thousands turned up. I heard people flew in from Jamaica and Trinidad just to see me. It was weird. It was almost like it was my event. In fact, Jeremy Clarkson said to the crowd at one point that \"15% of the people are here to see Top Gear and 85% to see Lewis\". It was unbelievable, really one of the best weekends I've ever had... the feeling, the energy I got. The fans were so excited - the most excited I have ever seen in my life. I don't think they have ever seen anything like that before, never heard an F1 car anyway, so it was surreal to be the person to bring that to them and represent F1. Cricket and football are the biggest sports in the Caribbean, but I've noticed that F1 is increasing in popularity. The event was just a blast. I drove a Mercedes F1 car and 'raced' against rally stunt driver Ken Block. We did 'doughnuts' and everything. I've been wanting to do something like that with Ken for a while and hope we'll be able to do something similar in the future. A reality check While Barbados and a lot of other places in the Caribbean are beautiful, they're not wealthy. My auntie, for example, lives in Grenada in a shack that is no more than 15ft square. That's how my dad's dad lived before he came to England. I went to Barbados after visiting Haiti as part of my work as a Unicef ambassador. Every year, I'm trying to do more with charities. I've been working with Unicef for a couple of years now and I signed up with Save the Children in 2013. Haiti is a beautiful place in many respects, but poverty is a real problem. A lot of money was raised for Haiti after the terrible earthquake in 2010 and things got a bit better there for a while, but conditions have started to deteriorate again and the child mortality rate has begun to increase. No-one should have to live in the conditions that I saw some kids in there. They were malnourished, not eating. We've all seen pictures of children with flies on their faces, sad and hungry, but television simply does not do justice to the tragedy of it. When you see a two-year-old kid who doesn't have the energy to move, it's devastating. It brings tears to my eyes thinking about it now. I want to bring as much attention to that sort of thing as I can and the film I made there will be shown as part of Sport Aid on 8 June. The next stage in a long battle It's Monaco this weekend, a race I always look forward to. I love street tracks and this is one of my favourites, although my feelings about it have changed over the years. My win here in 2008 was one of the most significant events of my career, but this is my eighth year in F1 now and I've come to realise that there are so many other great races. Now Monaco is my home, the race is still special but it's different. The first few times I came here, I wanted to em",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505719
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Nigerian Aliko Dangote is (at 2014) Africa's foremost?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Nigeria: Dangote Named Forbes Africa Person of the Year 2014 - allAfrica.com Nigeria: Dangote Named Forbes Africa Person of the Year 2014 Photo: WEF Alhaji Aliko Dangote. Billionaire Nigerian business man, Aliko Dangote, was weekend named as the Forbes Africa Person of the Year 2014. Other finalists of the most coveted award were South Africa's Public Protector, Thuli Madonsela, Nigerian author, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Director-General of the Securities and Exchange Commission, (SEC), Arunma Oteh and President of the African Development Bank, Donald Kaberuka. In selecting Dangote, the panel of judges noted that \"Aliko Dangote is a lion of Africa in terms of business. He is second to none when it comes to investing in Africa, not just Nigeria. He is also a capitalist with a big heart. He puts his money where his mouth is and his foundation is a step forward for a man who wants to make a difference on the continent,\" This was Dangote's fourth nomination for the prestigious awards. Other past finalists include his Highness Dr. Sanusi Lamido Sanusi (2011), James Mwangi (2012) and Akinwumi Adesina (2013). Also feted during the event was Donald Kaberuka, president of the African Development Bank. Kaberuka, who received the lifetime achievement award. Chairman, CMA Investment Holding, Rakesh Wahi, described Forbes as a brand, synonymous with entrepreneurship, inspiration, success, failure, getting up after failure and never giving up despite all the odds. He said Forbes highlights journeys of hope; of trials and tribulations of people who despite all challenges have the courage and determination to see their dreams to fruition. Commenting on the Forbes Person of the Year Award, he said: \"This is our fourth Person of the Year Event. The mission of this event is to honor one exceptional leader from the African continent, who has made an impact not only on the industry he or she serves, but who also has touched the lives of people, and in doing so is a role model for future generations of business leaders. The person who we are about to honor today, personifies all the values of the Forbes brand\". While giving his acceptance speech, Dangote said he considered it an honour to be nominated for the award and thanked the organisers for the priviledge of choosing him as the \"Forbes Man of the Year\". \"My thanks also goes to my family for their unquantifiable support over the years; my diligent staff for their uncommon dedication to duty; my fellow Africans for believing in us; and my numerous friends across the globe, who have been a source of inspiration. I will also like to specially recognise and commend the other nominees for making it up to this stage. Their achievement is no mean feat, given the quality of the award\". Revealing that Dangote Group is already in 16 African countries, he assured that the Group will continue to expand its footprints across the continent because \"we believe that it is only Africans themselves that can develop Africa for the Africans\". Dangote said: \"Of course there are challenges, but which are not insurmountable as long as we stay united in our resolve to overcome them. If we all join hands together, we can emancipate Africa from poverty, ignorance and disease - the triple obstacles to our development as a people\" Copyright © 2014 This Day. All rights reserved. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media ( allAfrica.com ). To contact the copyright holder directly for corrections — or for permission to republish or make other authorized use of this material, click here. AllAfrica publishes around 700 reports a day from more than 140 news organizations and over 500 other institutions and individuals , representing a diversity of positions on every topic. We publish news and views ranging from vigorous opponents of governments to government publications and spokespersons. Publishers named above each report are responsible for their own content, which AllAfrica does not have the legal right to edit or correct. Articles and commentaries that identify allAfrica.com as the publisher are produced or commissione",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505720
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Roy Williamson wrote which folk song, sung as an anthem before Scotland's Rugby Union matches?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Scotland – nationalanthems.info Scotland A constituent nation of the United Kingdom , Scotland lacks an official, legislated “national song”; in fact there are several songs in use as “national songs” of Scotland. The one most often considered as the unofficial national anthem (and most often presented as Scotland’s anthem at sporting matches) is “Flower of Scotland”, written by Roy Williamson in 1965 for the popular folk group The Corries. It was first used in a sporting match in 1974 by the Scottish national rugby team in 1974, sung by the team. When the British “God Save the Queen” was sung before a rugby match in 1988 to represent Scotland, and was met by derision from the crowd, “Flower of Scotland” was adopted as Scotland’s pregame anthem. “Flower of Scotland”, however, has not been adopted in any official basis as the Scottish anthem. Other popular “national songs” of Scotland have sometimes used as “unofficial national anthems”, the most common being “Scotland the Brave” (a traditional melody ( sheet music ) with lyrics writted by Cliff Hanley in 1950). “Scotland the Brave” was used as the Scottish anthem at the Commonwealth Games until 2010 (when it was replaced by “Flower of Scotland”) and is most commonly heard on the bagpipe, the Scottish national instrument. When the Scottish Parliament was opened in 1997, another “national song” (“A Man’s A Man for A’ That” by national poet Robert Burns) was used, which isn’t usually presented as a Scottish anthem. The choice of this song may have been to duck the controversy of choosing one of the previously mentioned “national songs” as an official regional anthem, or by using “God Save the Queen” (the anthem of the United Kingdom, of which Scotland is a part). Special thanks to: Calum Wyllie and Eugenio Pedro for some of this information. Title",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505721
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Which American TV producer created the series. \"\"The Invaders\"\" and \"\"Cannon\"\"?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Invaders Behind the Scenes The Invaders: The Nightmare Has Already Begun by Stephen Bowie “The Invaders. Alien beings from a dying planet. Their destination: the earth. Their purpose: to make it their world. “David Vincent has seen them. For him, it began one lost night on a lonely country road, looking for a shortcut. It began with a closed, deserted diner, and a man too long without sleep to continue his journey. It began with the landing of a craft from another galaxy. “Now, David Vincent knows that the Invaders are here, that they have taken human form. Somehow he must convince a disbelieving world that the nightmare has already begun . . . .” So intones the leaden voice that narrates the opening credits of one of television’s great forays into the realm of science fiction. Twenty-five years before The X-Files posited that the aliens are already among us and up to no good, David Vincent began his lonely two-year quest to save the world. Alternately pursuer and pursued, openly unhappy about his role as a modern-day Paul Revere and often pessimistic about his chances of success, Vincent proved a far more complex hero than 1960s television audiences were used to. He was the centerpiece of a sci-fi series more downbeat and more realistic than any that preceded it. “The major thing that the show had going for it is the fact that we are all a little bit paranoid, and that it’s easy to identify with somebody who is a single man fighting the world,” said Invaders producer Alan A. Armer. “I mean, that’s what all real heroes are, if you look at the great myths and legends and the great stories that have been told. Frequently it is one person fighting the society, fighting the government, fighting an invisible force, and this is classic. And I think we all relate to that, because his job and his goal are so difficult to achieve. Conceptually, that’s what made the show strong.” Diane Baker and Roy Thinnes in “Beachhead,” the series’ pilot The Invaders’ successful format combined the sensibilities of two creator/producers who couldn’t have been more different. One was the unpredictable Larry Cohen, a brash wunderkind from the dying days of prestigious New York dramas like The Defenders, on the verge of leaving television to pour his twisted imagination into a string of low-budget cult horror films. The other was Quinn Martin, the steadfast, humorless king of sixties and seventies action television, overseer of a seemingly endless string of formulaic but exceedingly well-produced police and detective shows. The Invaders began with Cohen, who freely concedes that his conception of the series was less an original idea than an amalgamation of several beloved pop-culture fixations of his adolescence. Fans of the show frequently point to Invasion of the Body Snatchers, the eery 1956 B-picture in which Kevin McCarthy discovers that his friends and neighbors are gradually being replaced by identical “pod people” from another planet, as the most obvious precedent for The Invaders. “That was one of my favorite movies when I was a child,” said Cohen, who also cites Invaders From Mars (1953) as an inspiration. The aliens of The Invaders apparently didn’t possess the technology to replace real people with identical facsimiles, and they employed glowing energy tubes called “regeneration chambers” rather than seed pods to affect their human form, but they were otherwise interchangeable with the Body Snatchers. Using subterfuge to infiltrate human society, the aliens relied on humans’ natural skepticism toward “crackpots” like David Vincent to protect them from anyone who stumbled onto their existence and tried to blow the whistle on their plans. Invaders buffs often assume, since much of the same creative talent worked on both shows, that Cohen borrowed the series’ man-on-the-run format from The Fugitive, the 1963 hit starring David Janssen as a wrongly-convicted death row inmate who escapes to search for his wife’s killer. In fact, Cohen said, he took his cue from the Mas",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505722
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the most southerly point on the British mainland?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Lizard, Cornwall the most southerly point of Britain Lizard, Cornwall The Lizard is the most southerly point on the British mainland. The name comes from the Cornish \"lis\" meaning \"place\" and \"ard\" meaning \"high\". Almost at the end of the Lizard Peninsula is Lizard village, a central square, a few houses, a couple of shops,and a pub. The only thing in England south of the village is the lighthouse, Lizard Point and Housel Bay; Church Cove is eat of the village and there are cliff walks to the west. Lizard Point has a few souvenir shops and snackeries. The Spanish Armada was first spotted from here in 1588. Sir John Killigrew, a notorious wrecker from the Arwennack family of Falmouth, erected the first lighthouse on the Lizard in 1620. Ship owners refused to support the venture, believing that Killigrew had ulterior motives in erecting the lighthouse, and that venture disappeared. On the 10th November 1721, thirty years before the lighthouse was built, 15 of the crew of the Royal Anne Galley lost their lives when it was lost in a storm, by being broken up against the cliffs. They are buried in a mass grave on the grass slope just west of the Old Lifeboat Slipway. Eventually in 1752 a regular lighthouse was established, and it was taken over in 1790 by Trinity House. The powerful beam of today's light can be seen for 64 miles. Just offshore are the Man o' War rocks which took a heavy toll on shipping. Below the point is the Old Lifeboat House, while the modern lifeboat station is a few miles east of the headland. . Walkers in this area may be lucky enough to see the Cornish Chough, now breeding in the area. Originally with two lifeboat stations at Polpeor and Cadgwith, The Lizard all weather Tyne class lifeboat is now located at Kilcobben Cove. Operating for over 145 years, the crews have been presented with 12 awards for gallantry. In 1907 it rescued 394 people from the White Star liner Suevic in dense fog when it struck the Marnheere Reef off The Lizard. Coverack and Porthleven lifeboats also rescued 62 people from this ship. Almost all the Lizard Peninsula is composed of soft, colourful Serpentine stone (so called because of its snakeskin appearance when polished), which was carved in local workshops. It is a a unique metamorphic rock which is dark green veined with red and white. Serpentine ornaments were fashionable in Victorian times and still continue to be made in the area today. Just east of Lizard village is the hamlet of Landewednack with its church of St Winwalloe, built of alternate granite and serpentine blocks. Just to the west is Kynance Cove , owned by the National Trust, with golden sands and isolated",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
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