id
stringlengths 8
27
| messages
listlengths 2
2
|
|---|---|
trivia_qa_1505123
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The uncle of a pop star, scored a goal and broke his leg in the 1959 F.A. Cup Final, what is the uncle's name?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "FA Cup pages 300-596 by Jay Wilkins - issuu THRILLER WEST BROMWICH ALBION 3-2 PRESTON NORTH END By Frank Coles at Wembley, The Daily Telegraph, May 1, 1954 A five-goal Cup Final with the matchwinner scored in the final two minutes three minutes ranks high in the long catalogue of thrilling Wembleys. But West Bromwich Albion’s 3-2 victory over Preston North End was not gained in the grand manner the 100,000 crowd had come to expect of the best team of the season. Not until late in the second half did Albion find the rhythm which had made them the most-talked about team in the country. And Preston, who came into the Cup Final on the crest of a wave, were the obvious victims of Wembley nerves. The most disappointed was Tom Finney, who had been hailed as a probable match-winner. He was the target of close tackling by Len Millard, Ray Barlow and George Lee. Finney only had one scoring chance, just before halftime, from 15 yards out and unmarked, but he fired high and wide. There has rarely been a Wembley final without stage fright. Today, it was George Thompson, the Preston goalkeeper. Twice, he dropped the ball when chased by Albion forwards. And toward the end there was panicky judgment when Frank Griffin, the Albion right-winger, shot the game-winner from just beyond the dead ball line. But Thompson showed no nervousness in his great effort to save the goal on which the game turned -- a penalty shot, which evened up the score at 2-2 at 18 minutes into the second half. The match opened slowly until the 21st minute, when Albion and Preston exchanged goals. Lee nearly scored for Albion with a curving run and a hard shot. At the last moment, Ronnie Allen raced in just in time to sidestep the ball into the net with his right foot for a 1-0 lead. A minute later, Preston evened it up with Jim Sanders’ kick that Angus Morrison head-butted into the net. Six minutes after half-time, Tommy Docherty passed to Charlie Wayman, who scored easily on Sanders, the Albion goalkeeper, for a 2-1 lead. After Allen’s penalty-kick equaliser at the 63rd minute, Albion pressed hard, with Millard and Joe Kennedy linking up on the attack. It was Kennedy’s pass to Reg Ryan and then to Griffin that won the match. Griffin headed the ball past Preston’s Joe Marston before running down the goal line from the wing for the final goal in the 87th minute. SIDELINE SMILES ■ West Brom’s Len Millard (middle, with trophy), Jimmy Dugdale (left) and Paddy Ryan (right) are interviewed by a radio reporter after the Cup final. OPPOSITE PAGE: The Baggies bring the Cup back to the Birmingham suburb of West Bromwich. FA CUP MEMORIES If Stanley Matthews had his “day in the sun” in 1953, the man to whom many compared him had a very different experience a year later. Tom Finney was a very special player, a talented footballer who could be effective across a forward line. And he had other skills – he could score great goals on a Saturday afternoon and mend your boiler on Saturday evening! Finney, a one club man, was also a qualified plumber. Indeed, he was known to soccer fans as the “Preston Plumber” and when he retired from football his plumbing business continued to be successful for many years. Finney and Matthews provided the game’s observers with a vibrant debate on who were the better player. England was just lucky to have both of them. As Bill Shankly said: “Tom Finney would have been great in any match and in any age ... even if he had been wearing an overcoat!” Preston and West Bromwich Albion – The Baggies – had made it to the 1954 FA Cup final with the Midland club clear favourites. They had lost the First Division Championship on the run-in but experts felt they would put that disappointment behind them and have too much for Preston in the Cup final. Of course, a lot depended on Finney – who was a potential matchwinner. And he knew it. But on Cup final day Finney admitted he had a shocker: He had found the build-up to the final allconsuming. Being a local lad and Preston’s best player, he was in constant demand for interviews with the press a",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505124
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who went up the hill to fetch a pail of water?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jack and Jill went up the hill - Nursery Rhyme - YouTube Jack and Jill went up the hill - Nursery Rhyme Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. The interactive transcript could not be loaded. Loading... Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Nov 11, 2012 Jack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of water Jack fell down, and broke his crown then Jill came tumbling after Enjoy our fun-full of rhyme - \"Jack and Jill went up the hill\" : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRul73... . Small kids can learn a lot from watching nursery rhymes animations with educational video and music. It helps them learn through watching cartoon animals and interesting characters. Category When autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play next. Up next Play now Mix - Jack and Jill went up the hill - Nursery RhymeYouTube Jack and Jill | Nursery Rhymes Collection and Baby Songs from Dave and Ava - Duration: 1:12:00. Dave and Ava - Nursery Rhymes and Baby Songs 14,167,957 views 1:12:00 Jack and Jill went up the Hill | 3D Animation English Nursery Rhymes for Children | Kids Songs - Duration: 25:48. KidsOne Nursery Rhymes 441,658 views 25:48 Johny Johny Yes Papa and Many More Videos | Popular Nursery Rhymes Collection by ChuChu TV - Duration: 1:06:05. ChuChu TV Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs 1,007,428,748 views 1:06:05 Five Little Monkeys Jumping On The Bed | Part 1 - The Naughty Monkeys | ChuChu TV Kids Songs - Duration: 2:36. ChuChu TV Nursery Rhymes & Kids Songs 61,432,176 views 2:36 Jack and Jill Nursery Rhyme | Children Songs with Lyrics | Went up the hill - Duration: 4:31. Flickbox Kids Songs and Rhymes 264,817 views 4:31 Jack and Jill Went up the Hill | Nursery Rhymes Collection | Kids Videos & Baby Songs by Po Po Kids - Duration: 1:01:38. PoPo Kids - Children Nursery Rhymes and Baby Learning Songs 9,809 views 1:01:38",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505125
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the final event of the women's heptathlon?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Combined events - Heptathlon Combined Events Heptathlon The Heptathlon, for senior and junior women, comprises of seven events and is a competition against oneself and the scoring tables with the aim to score more points than the other competitors. It is a test of mind and body; challenging the person's character, attitude and determination and their physical abilities. The Events The heptathlon (7 events) is held on two consecutive days in the following order: Day 1 800 metres Training When training for combined events, athletes will work on techniques and conditioning, during which each event sets its own major physical demands. The elements in each of the combined events and the key physical demands of those elements are detailed in the following table: Event - High Speed and strength (power) are of vital importance, and so it seems reasonable to conclude that successful combined eventers must be fast and strong. The predominant requirements of the heptathlete are mobility, skill, speed and explosive strength. The long term planning of combined events includes the planning of technique and strength conditioning. This concept is true for athletes of all ages - whereby technique is dovetailed with conditioning, but to varying degrees depending on ages. For younger athletes (13 to 15) during the years of early training, athletes should work on the simple disciplines, ones that are more 'natural' to learn, such as sprinting, hurdling, long jump and high jump. Later training (15 to 18 years) should include more complex events such as shot and javelin events that are more demanding. Conditioning Conditioning should take the form of, primarily, body weight circuits and running, bearing in mind young athletes will be developing a fair amount of strength, agility and endurance simply by practising the events themselves. For senior and top level athletes, conditioning should be worked on more extensively than technique. Denise Lewis In 1997, Denise Lewis trained six days a week and the key element for Denise was conditioning, which underpinned the whole training program throughout the year. A weekly schedule would include: two aerobic runs two weight sessions, two track sessions, two technical sessions. This involves a hurdles session (outdoors) during the week but the main sessions are done on a Sunday morning where usually two events were tackled each time. (11 training units) Mobility underpins the conditioning program and includes a mixture of general and specific exercises. The Early Years Tony is a Senior British Athletics coach with many years experience in coaching young and senior athletes in the combined events. The following is some advice from Tony in introducing young novice athletes to the Combined Events. A training regime for a novice multi eventer might be two technical sessions and a running session on every training night/day e.g. Tuesday long jump, shot & running Thursday high jump, hurdles & running Sunday would be to concentrate on the weakest event and/or develop the new skills the athlete would need to compete in the next age group, plus a running session Running sessions are based on 400 metres training but much less volume and athlete specific. The fun begins as a coach and athlete have to start fitting in basic weights, strength, mobility, conditioning, GCSE exams, A levels, girlfriends! etc. The basic premise that I would work on would be to improve the weakest events first but continue to develop the other events at the same time. Coordination training (skill work) should be done predominantly during the early years (13-18 years) Speed, particularly running speed, can be ideally developed during the early years (13-18 years) but maximum strength training should be undertaken almost exclusi",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505126
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the nationality of composer Aaron Copland?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Aaron Copland | About the Composer | American Masters | PBS About the Composer Aaron Copland: A Self Portrait About the Composer Comments Aaron Copland. Photo: The Library of Congress Aaron Copland was one of the most respected American classical composers of the twentieth century. By incorporating popular forms of American music such as jazz and folk into his compositions, he created pieces both exceptional and innovative. As a spokesman for the advancement of indigenous American music, Copland made great strides in liberating it from European influence. Today, ten years after his death, Copland’s life and work continue to inspire many of America’s young composers. Copland was born in Brooklyn, New York, on November 14, 1900. The child of Jewish immigrants from Lithuania, he first learned to play the piano from his older sister. At the age of sixteen he went to Manhattan to study with Rubin Goldmark, a respected private music instructor who taught Copland the fundamentals of counterpoint and composition. During these early years he immersed himself in contemporary classical music by attending performances at the New York Symphony and Brooklyn Academy of Music. He found, however, that like many other young musicians, he was attracted to the classical history and musicians of Europe. So, at the age of twenty, he left New York for the Summer School of Music for American Students at Fountainebleau, France. In France, Copland found a musical community unlike any he had known. It was at this time that he sold his first composition to Durand and Sons, the most respected music publisher in France. While in Europe Copeland met many of the important artists of the time, including the famous composer Serge Koussevitsky. Koussevitsky requested that Copland write a piece for the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The piece, “Symphony for Organ and Orchestra” (1925) was Copland’s entry into the life of professional American music. He followed this with “Music for the Theater” (1925) and “Piano Concerto” (1926), both of which relied heavily on the jazz idioms of the time. For Copland, jazz was the first genuinely American major musical movement. From jazz he hoped to draw the inspiration for a new type of symphonic music, one that could distinguish itself from the music of Europe. In the late 1920s Copland’s attention turned to popular music of other countries. He had moved away from his interest in jazz and began to concern himself with expanding the audience for American classical music. He believed that classical music could eventually be as popular as jazz in America or folk music in Mexico. He worked toward this goal with both his music and a firm commitment to organizing and producing. He was an active member of many organizations, including both the American Composers’ Alliance and the League of Composers. Along with his friend Roger Sessions, he began the Copland-Sessions concerts, dedicated to presenting the works of young composers. It was around this same time that his plans for an American music festival (similar to ones in Europe) materialized as the Yaddo Festival of American Music (1932). By the mid-’30s Copland had become not only one of the most popular composers in the country, but a leader of the community of American classical musicians. It was in 1935 with “El Salón México” that Copland began his most productive and popular years. The piece presented a new sound that had its roots in Mexican folk music. Copland believed that through this music, he could find his way to a more popular symphonic music. In his search for the widest audience, Copland began composing for the movies and ballet. Among his most popular compositions for film are those for “Of Mice and Men” (1939), “Our Town ” (1940), and “The Heiress” (1949), which won him an Academy Award for best score. He composed scores for a number of ballets, including two of the most popular of the time: “Agnes DeMille’s Rodeo” (1942) and Martha Graham ‘s “Appalachian Spring” (1944), for which he won the Pulitzer Prize. Both ballets presented views of American country life",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505127
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Greek word praxis refers to what, contrasting with theory?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Episteme and Techne (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Episteme and Techne First published Fri Apr 11, 2003; substantive revision Sun Jun 22, 2014 Epistêmê is the Greek word most often translated as knowledge, while technê is translated as either craft or art. These translations, however, may inappropriately harbor some of our contemporary assumptions about the relation between theory (the domain of ‘knowledge’) and practice (the concern of ‘craft’ or ‘art’). Outside of modern science, there is sometimes skepticism about the relevance of theory to practice because it is thought that theory is conducted at so great a remove from the facts, the province of practice, that it can lose touch with them. Indeed, at the level of practice, concrete experience might be all we need. And within science, theory strives for a value-free view of reality. As a consequence, scientific theory cannot tell us how things should be — the realm of ‘art’ or ‘craft’ . So we must turn elsewhere for answers to the profound, but still practical, questions about how we should live our lives. However, some of the features of this contemporary distinction between theory and practice are not found in the relation between epistêmê and technê. As we move chronologically from Xenophon to Plotinus, we go from an author who does not distinguish between the two terms, to an author who has little use for technê because it is so far from reality. It is in Aristotle that we find the basis for something like the modern opposition between epistêmê as pure theory and technê as practice. Yet even Aristotle refers to technê or craft as itself also epistêmê or knowledge because it is a practice grounded in an ‘account’ — something involving theoretical understanding. Plato — whose theory of forms seems an arch example of pure theoretical knowledge — nevertheless is fascinated by the idea of a kind of technê that is informed by knowledge of forms. In the Republic this knowledge is the indispensable basis for the philosophers' craft of ruling in the city. Picking up another theme in Plato's dialogues, the Stoics develop the idea that virtue is a kind of technê or craft of life, one that is based on an understanding of the universe. The relation, then, between epistêmê and technê in ancient philosophy offers an interesting contrast with our own notions about theory (pure knowledge) and (experience-based) practice. There is an intimate positive relationship between epistêmê and technê, as well as a fundamental contrast. 1. Xenophon Xenophon's only sustained discussions of epistêmê and technê are in two of his Socratic works, Memorabilia and Oeconomicus. The Memorabilia recounts conversations which Socrates held on a variety of topics; the Oeconomicus is a conversation largely devoted to one, i.e., the art of running a successful estate and household. In these works, knowledge is intimately tied to knowing how to do things, especially the more organized kind of knowing-how designated by technê. There is no distinction between epistêmê as theoretical knowledge and technê as mere craft or skill. Socrates explicitly identifies as technai such activities as playing the harp, generalship, piloting a ship, cooking, medicine, managing an estate, smithing, and carpentry; by association with these technai, we can include housebuilding, mathematics, astronomy, making money, flute playing, and painting. Without marking any difference, he also calls many of these activities epistêmai. At the beginning of Memorabilia, Xenophon, in fact, portrays Socrates as uninterested in the abstract investigations of the physical philosophers. Socrates, he says, eschewed the investigation of the kosmos; he preferred looking into human affairs. Besides, humans cannot understand the universe, as shown by the inability of those who engage in these kinds of study to agree (I.i.11-14). In fact, towards the end of the work, Xenophon says that Socrates held that the study of geometry should be pursued to the point where one could measure a parcel of land he meant to",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505128
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was sacked as Cardiff City manager on December 27th, 2013?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Malky Mackay sacked by Cardiff - ITV News 27 December 2013 at 1:43pm Malky Mackay sacked by Cardiff Cardiff City have sacked Malky Mackay as manager. His exit had been widely predicted after owner Vincent Tan last week sent him an email demanding he resign or be sacked. Tan has attacked Mackay for airing the club's \"dirty linen\" in public. Cardiff City's owner, Vincent Tan, has issued a statement on his decision to sack manager Malky Mackay, saying it was \"no longer fair\" for the \"uncomfortable state of affairs\" around his posting to continue, according to Wales Online . Cardiff City's owner, Vincent Tan, has spoken out on his sacking of manager Malky Mackay Credit: Adam Davy/PA Wire/Press Association Images \"There has been a good deal of publicity generated by and about Mr Malky Mackay over the last few months,\" Tan said. \"Indeed far too much dirty linen has been exposed to the public gaze. \"But, I stress, not by me. Indeed, I have deliberately not responded to this, hoping that the club can be judged on its football rather than personalised arguments about who said what to whom. \"I have, however, regretfully concluded that it is no longer fair to the club, its players, its fans, or the public more generally, for this uncomfortable state of affairs to continue. Cardiff City Football Club means far too much to us all for it to be distracted by this.\" Fans protested against controversial owner yesterday Hundreds of Cardiff City fans gathered before the side's 3-0 home defeat to Southampton to protest against owner Vincent Tan. Fans have been unhappy with the Malaysian businessman who changed the club's colours from blue to red and sent Malky Mackay an email demanding he resign or be sacked . Despite the ultimatium being briefly lifted, the 3-0 Boxing Day defeat against Southampton proved to be the 42-year-old's final game in charge. A large group of fans protested against the controversial owner. Credit: PA Wire Fans of all ages turned out with posters to show their anger about the way Vincent Tan is running the club. Credit: PA Wire Fans show their support for the Scottish manager. Credit: PA Wire",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505129
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who became the first prime minister of India on its independence in 1947?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Jawaharlal Nehru - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com Google Jawaharlal Nehru: Early Life and Family Jawaharlal Nehru was born into an affluent Kashmiri Brahman family in Allahabad on November 14, 1889. Tutored at home until the age of 15, Nehru subsequently attended Harrow in England and, later, Trinity College, Cambridge. After studying law at London’s Inner Temple, he returned to India at the age of 22 where he practiced law with his father and prominent barrister, Motilal Nehru. Did You Know? In 1949, after zookeepers had killed most of Tokyo’s wild animals to prevent them from escaping during World War II air raids, Nehru delighted Japanese children by presenting Ueno Zoo with an Indian elephant. In 1916, four years after his parents had made the suitable arrangement, Nehru married 17-year-old Kamala Kaul. The following year, their only child, Indira Priyadarshini, was born. Jawaharlal Nehru: Political Awakening Upon learning of esteemed theosophist Annie Besant’s arrest in 1917, Nehru was moved to join the All India Home Rule League, an organization devoted to obtaining self-government within the British Empire. In April 1919, British troops opened fire on thousands of unarmed civilians who had been protesting recently passed legislation that permitted the detainment of suspected political foes without trial. The Massacre of Amritsar, in which 379 Indians were killed and more than a thousand others were wounded, outraged Nehru and further solidified his resolve to win India’s independence. During the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) led by Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru was imprisoned for the first time for activities against the British government and, over the course of the next two and a half decades, spent a total of nine years in jail. In 1929, Jawaharlal was elected president of the Indian National Congress—his first leadership role in politics—whereby he promoted the goal of complete independence from Britain as opposed to dominion status. In response to Britain’s declaration of India’s participation in the war against Germany at the onset of World War II without consulting Indian leaders, members of Congress passed the Quit India resolution on August 8, 1942, demanding political freedom from Britain in exchange for support in the war effort. The following day, the British government arrested all Congress leaders, including Nehru and Gandhi. Jawaharlal Nehru: Challenges and Legacy as Prime Minister On August 15, 1947, India finally gained its independence and Nehru became the nation’s first prime minister. Amid the celebration of newly acquired freedom, there was also considerable turmoil. The mass displacement that followed partition into the separate nations of Pakistan and India, along with disputes over control of Kashmir, resulted in the loss of property and lives for several hundred thousand Muslims and Hindus. Throughout his 17-year leadership, Nehru advocated democratic socialism and secularism and encouraged India’s industrialization beginning with the implementation of the first of his five-year plans in 1951, which emphasized the importance of increasing agricultural production. He also promoted scientific and technological advancements through the establishment of higher learning, and instituted various social reforms such as free public education and meals for Indian children, legal rights for women—including the ability to inherit property and divorce their husbands—and laws to prohibit discrimination based on caste. During the Cold War , Nehru adopted a policy of non-alignment in which he professed neutrality, but was criticized when he refused to condemn the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 and later requested foreign aid after China invaded India’s northern border in 1962. The conflict, known as the Sino-Indian War, had a deleterious effect on Nehru’s health, resulting in a severe stroke in January of 1964 and his death a few months later on May 27. Tags",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505130
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was appointed Secretary of State for Environment Food and Rural Affairs after the 2010 General Election?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "BBC News - Cameron's government: A guide to who's who Cameron's government: A guide to who's who Click on the faces for profiles Click on the pictures to read profiles of David Cameron's Conservative-Lib Dem coalition cabinet: PRIME MINISTER - DAVID CAMERON Conservative David Cameron was virtually unknown outside Westminster when he was elected Tory leader in December 2005 at the age of 39. The Old Etonian had dazzled that year's party conference with his youthful dynamism and charisma, reportedly telling journalists he was the \"heir to Blair\". He has sought to match the former PM by putting the Conservatives at the centre ground of British politics. Before becoming leader, he was the Conservatives' campaign co-ordinator at the 2005 general election and shadow education secretary. He was special adviser to Home Secretary Michael Howard and Chancellor Norman Lamont in the 1990s before spending seven years as a public relations executive with commercial broadcaster Carlton. Return DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER - NICK CLEGG In just five years, Liberal Democrat Nick Clegg, at 43 the same age as Mr Cameron, has gone from political obscurity to the absolute front line of British politics. After becoming MP for Sheffield Hallam at the 2005 election, he was promoted to Europe spokesman, before moving on to the home affairs role. When Sir Menzies Campbell resigned as leader in 2007, he entered the race to succeed him, in the end narrowly beating Chris Huhne. He has campaigned against the government over civil liberties and opposed the Conservatives' spending cuts plans, attempting to create a distance between the Lib Dems and what he calls the \"old parties\". But he really came to prominence during the televised debates ahead of the general elections, being judged in polls to have been the big winner of the first one. However, this appeared to do little to help the Lib Dems when they actually lost seats on 6 May. The party, though, retained enough MPs to become the vital players in the hung parliament. Return FOREIGN SECRETARY - WILLIAM HAGUE Since he returned to the shadow cabinet in 2005, Conservative William Hague has become a key adviser to David Cameron, and was seen as de facto deputy party leader. The new foreign secretary has plenty of experience to call upon, having been Tory leader himself from 1997 to 2001 and shadow foreign secretary until the election. A witty and engaging Commons performer who is popular with grassroots Tory members, Mr Hague entered Parliament in 1989 having been special adviser to Chancellor Sir Geoffrey Howe. He was soon promoted to be a social security minister and in 1995 entered the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Wales. In addition to his duties as shadow foreign secretary, Mr Cameron put Mr Hague in charge of rebuilding the party in the North of England, as chairman of its Northern Board. Mr Hague has said that as foreign secretary, he is determined to put in place a \"distinctive British foreign policy\" and the situation in Afghanistan is a priority. Minister of State (Europe) - David Lidington (Conservative) Once a special adviser to Foreign Secretary Douglas Hurd and a parliamentary aide to William Hague, he is regarded as being less eurosceptic than those who occupied this important role when the Tories were in opposition Minister of State - Jeremy Browne (Liberal Democrat) A former Lib Dem press chief, he has been MP for Taunton since 2005. Was the party's deputy Treasury spokesman before the election. Minister of State - Lord Howell (Conservative) Junior Foreign Office minister - Henry Bellingham (Conservative) Junior Foreign Office minister - Alistair Burt (Conservative) Return CHANCELLOR - GEORGE OSBORNE One of David Cameron's closest friends and Conservative allies, George Osborne rose rapidly after becoming MP for Tatton in 2001. Michael Howard promoted him from shadow chief secretary to the Treasury to shadow chancellor in May 2005, at the age of 34. Mr Osborne took a key role in the election campaign and has been at the forefront of the debate on how to deal with the recession and the UK",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505131
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What \"\"be\"\" word refers to men's clothing that is custom-made by a tailor?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Bespoke tailoring is the latest word in menswear - The Boston Globe Bespoke tailoring is the latest word in menswear Craig Sullivan, left, realigns buttons on Geoffrey Nathan's 150s & cashmere herringbone suit jacket at the Custom Fit in Boston. By Vanessa E. Jones, Globe Staff | August 3, 2006 Most people think of a tailor as the one to see when they need a hem raised, a waistband tightened, or other small alterations. But for a growing number of discerning men, the tailor has become the one they look to for handmade suits, shirts, and coats cut to fit their body's unique peccadillo e s. Younger men are inspired by hip- hop moguls such as Jay-Z and P. Diddy, whom the paparazzi often capture wearing dapper, high-end suits. It also doesn't hurt that a new NBA rule pushed basketball players out of street gear and into business wear. Older men embrace the look because it wears well and hangs better than off-the-rack suits. Now it's not unusual to see the members of the punk groups Green Day or AFI sport the occasional suit. ``The House of Boateng ,\" a documentary currently airing on Thursdays at 9 p.m. on the Sundance cable channel, follows London designer Ozwald Boateng as he struggles to bring his candy-colored, tailored suits to an American market that seems poised to embrace them. The move toward upscale clothing, say local tailors, is a direct response to the ``casual Fridays\" trend that started a few years ago and unleashed such sloppy dressing among workers that some corporations offered sessions to teach their employees how to dress casually. Although no official national statistics exist, Davide Cotugno , a Cleveland tailor and publicity chairman for the Custom Tailors & Designers Association , believes the popularity of custom- made or bespoke suits -- defined as suits handmade from clothing patterns cut specifically for one person -- is rising and now accounts for 15 to 20 percent of all suit sales nationally. The more popular, and less expensive, made- to- measure suits are hand- or machine- sewn from standard suit patterns. Custom and made- to- measure suits are becoming more palatable to Boston men as well. ``It's more (popular in) New York, but we'll catch up later,\" says Raymond Buckley , 60 , the London-born owner of Raymond Personal Tailor in the Financial District, who learned his suit-making skills as a teenager in the 1960s when he dropped out of school and took a job on London's Savile Row, a street internationally renown ed for its bespoke suits. Stores such as Brooks Brothers picked up on the increasing demand by offering made- to- measure suits to their customers. Local private tailors include newcomer Astor & Black , which is based in Columbus, Ohio , and represented locally by Aaron Greenberg in Brookline, and institutions such as Alan Rouleau Couture on Newbury Street. ``I grew up here my whole life,\" says Craig P. Sullivan , 43, owner of The Custom Fit , a 10-year-old made- to- measure establishment on Newbury Street , explaining why Boston has been slow to embrace the handmade suit trend. ``It's more of a conservative town for spending money.\" Sullivan says, ``The old money will not spend money for a custom suit.\" The clientele for custom and made- to- measure suits will come from a new group of ``sophisticated, successful young guys,\" he says, who are in their 20s and 30s. ``They're just starting to look at what quality is all about.\" Geoffrey Nathan , 47, already knows the importance of quality. As a defense lawyer, he wants to impress in the courtroom; as an on-air commentator for the Court TV and Fox News cable channels, he needs to look presentable. For a while, suits made by Lands' End worked for him. But, according to Nathan, the company changed its manufacturer and the suits no longer fit him. At that point, Nathan began ``snooping around,\" he says, for a tailor. Unfortunately, he found it difficult to locate a department store suitmaker who could fulfill his demands. A made- to- measure suit he bought in New York had one pants leg an inch longer than the othe",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505132
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Rachel Riley succeeded which long-standing UK TV gameshow celebrity in January 2009?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "News Archive - UKGameshows News Archive Old news stories are archived here. See the main page for the latest news. Contents 2016 16 September You're Hired in the Firing Line Mr. Gilbert Rhod Gilbert has been announced as the new host of The Apprentice spin-off programme You're Fired! after Jack Dee fired himself from the BBC2 vehicle after only one series. Romesh Ranganathan, who was a regular panellist in the last series will not return due to scheduling conflicts. 13 September We've had the most amazing time on Bake Off Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins have announced that they will not follow The Great British Bake Off to Channel 4. They will step down as hosts after the current series on the BBC. Mel and Sue said in a statement: \"We made no secret of our desire for the show to remain where it was... we're not going with the dough.\" 12 September Bake Off Off The BBC has lost the rights to show The Great British Bake Off after the current series and Christmas specials. The exceedingly popular show will move to Channel 4, after Love Productions turned down the BBC's final offer. It's not immediately clear if any of its stars will leave. 22 August BLANK Me One More Time More information about the Blankety Blank revival has been revealed as David Walliams will host a Christmas special of the cult game show. According to the Daily Mirror, the Christmas special will be a trial for a full series, which is quite similar to how the Lily Savage era went. 19 August Deal Me Out Channel 4 announced today that Deal or No Deal has been axed after being on the screens for 11 years and airing over 3,000 episodes. The final series will air in autumn 2016. 15 August ReBLANKED A piece in the Sunday People claimed that ITV wanted to make another series of Blankety Blank . We've not been able to confirm that ITV has commissioned a series, as the broadcaster has not commented on the speculation. 1 June Meet the new judges, same as the old judges Louis Walsh ! Sharon Osbourne! Simon Cowell ! Nicole Scherzinger! The judging panel for The X Factor has been announced, and the names have bags of experience. With Dermot O'Leary back as host, this year's show takes us back to the glory days of 2013, and with no Gary Barlow. 5 May CJ de Mooi on the move again CJ de Mooi will leave the Eggheads panel and move to South Africa. CJ, one of the original Eggheads, left the programme between 2012 and 2014. He will be replaced by two new Eggheads who will be found in a televised quiz. 6 April Coach Trip Rolls onto E4 Coach Trip is heading for a new destination by moving to E4. The series which sees tour guide Brendan Sheerin overseeing a couples tour of Europe, with the least popular couple voted off at the end of each day, has aired on and off for 11 years on Channel 4. The new series will consist of thirty half-hour episodes, and will air later in the year. 5 April Cheryl has The Exit Factor Cheryl Fernandez-Versini has quit The X Factor . The singer first appeared as a judge between 2008-10, before returning for the 2014-5 series. The former Popstars: The Rivals contestant has chosen to leave to focus on her music career. To date, no judges have been confirmed for the upcoming series, which begins airing this summer. 31 March It's goodbye from him. The other half of \"The Two Ronnies\" Ronnie Corbett died today at the age of 85. In the game show world, he is well known for hosting Small Talk . 30 March Vernon drives to success Next week, Vernon Kay will host Drive on ITV. He's now the second most prolific game show host in the UK with 16 main hosting roles. Vernon moves clear of the late Bob Monkhouse , who is now in third place with 15 shows. Davina McCall remains the current leader, she's fronted 17 programmes. 29 March Your Saturday Night Starts Right Here! Dermot O'Leary is returning to host The X Factor . The announcement was made almost a year after he left the programme. The 2015 series was helmed by Caroline Flack and Olly Murs and saw mixed reviews and falling ratings. The new series, which will also see the return of the room auditions, will begin in",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505133
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Barbara Pierce is married to which former US President?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "George and Barbara Bush celebrate 70th wedding anniversary | Fox News George and Barbara Bush celebrate 70th wedding anniversary Published January 06, 2015 Facebook 0 Twitter 0 livefyre Email Print Former President George H.W. Bush and first lady Barbara Bush are marking a milestone in their love story this Tuesday, celebrating 70 years of marriage. The longest-wed presidential couple set the record in 2000 when they surpassed John and Abigail Adam’s 54-year union. Their story began when they met at a Christmas dance at Phillips Academy in Andover, Mass., when the future president was 16 years old. A year and a half later, the couple was engaged, right before President Bush shipped out overseas to fight in World War II as a naval pilot. A few years later, in Sept. 1944, Bush was sent home after he was shot down and nearly killed during a mission over the Pacific. A few months later, Bush and then Barbara Pierce were married in Rye, N.Y. on Jan. 6, 1945. The future president was 20 and Barbara was 19. They would have six children--one of whom died as a toddler--, including future President George W. Bush. “I married the first man I ever kissed,” Barbara once said. “When I tell my children that they just about throw up.” Seventy years ago this very day, Barbara Pierce of Rye, NY made me the happiest, and luckiest, man on earth. pic.twitter.com/rgZqpL9XfE",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505134
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which council area of Scotland is the famous village of Gretna Green situated ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gretna Green | Scotland, United Kingdom | Britannica.com Scotland, United Kingdom Oxford Gretna Green, village in Dumfries and Galloway council area, historic county of Dumfriesshire , Scotland . It lies just north of the River Sark, the dividing line between England and Scotland, and was long famous as the goal of eloping English couples seeking hasty marriage . The Old Blacksmith’s Shop in Gretna Green, Dumfries and Galloway, Scot. Niki Odolphie Because of a change in English law in 1754, English couples seeking a quick marriage were obliged to cross the border into Scotland, where Scottish law required only that the couples declare before witnesses their wish to be married. At Gretna Green the ceremony was usually performed by the blacksmith , though any person might officiate, and the tollhouse, the inn, or (after 1826) Gretna Hall were the scenes of many such weddings. As many as 200 couples were married at the tollhouse in a year. In 1856 the law required one of the contracting parties to reside in Scotland for 21 days before marrying. The Marriage (Scotland) Act of 1939 declared that marriages must be conducted by a minister or registrar, beginning July 1, 1940. But young runaway couples still came because, under Scottish law, parental consent was not required from the age of 16 (it was age 21 in the rest of Britain). In 1969, 18 became the age of consent throughout Britain , and in 1977 the three-week residence stipulation was dropped and replaced by a requirement that couples provide notification of their intention to marry two weeks in advance of the ceremony. Moreover, beginning in 2002, registrars were allowed to perform civil ceremonies. The legal reasons to marry in Gretna Green may have become less compelling over the years, but the town remained a popular site for marriage ceremonies because of its romantic associations. Today thousands of weddings are performed annually in Gretna Green, with the most popular venues including the Old Blacksmith’s Shop (the “Old Smity”). Nearby Springfield, which with Gretna Green forms Gretna, competed with Gretna Green for the marriage trade until 1830, when a new Sark Bridge diverted traffic. Both Gretna Green and Springfield are now primarily agricultural villages. Pop. (2004 est.) Gretna, 2,730. Learn More in these related articles:",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505135
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; An anti-emetic is a drug that is effective against what?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Antiemetic Medicines: OTC Relief for Nausea and Vomiting - familydoctor.org Antiemetic Medicines: OTC Relief for Nausea and Vomiting Antiemetic Medicines: OTC Relief for Nausea and Vomiting Antiemetic Medicines: OTC Relief for Nausea and Vomiting Antiemetic Medicines: OTC Relief for Nausea and Vomiting What types of OTC medicines treat nausea and vomiting? Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines are medicines you can buy without a prescription from your doctor. Medicines for nausea are called antiemetics. They can help relieve nausea and vomiting. Several OTC medicines are used as antiemetics. Bismuth subsalicylate (some brand names: Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol) may help treat some types of nausea and vomiting, such as from gastroenteritis (also called “stomach flu”). It’s also used for upset stomach and as an antidiarrheal (medicine to treat diarrhea). Certain antihistamines may help prevent nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness. These include dimenhydrinate (brand name: Dramamine) and meclizine hydrochloride (brand name: Dramamine Less Drowsy). How do antiemetic medicines work? Bismuth subsalicylate works by protecting the stomach lining. Antihistamines appear to dull the inner ear’s ability to sense motion. They “block” messages to the part of the brain that controls nausea and vomiting. This is why they work best if you take them before you think you might have a problem with motion sickness. How do I safely take OTC antiemetic medicines? Read the directions on the drug facts label to learn how much medicine to take and how often to take it. If you have any questions about how much medicine to take, call your family doctor or pharmacist. Keep a record (1-page PDF) of the OTC medicines you are using and when you take them. If you need to go to the doctor, take this list with you. Follow these tips to make sure you are taking the right amount of medicine: Take only the amount recommended on the medicine’s label. Don’t assume that more medicine will work better or quicker. Taking more than the recommended amount can be dangerous. If you are taking a prescription medicine, ask your doctor if it’s okay to also take an OTC antiemetic medicine. Don’t use more than 1 kind of OTC antiemetic medicine at a time unless your doctor says it’s okay. They may have similar active ingredients that add up to be too much medicine. How can I safely store OTC antiemetic medicines? Store all medicines up and away, out of reach and sight of young children. Keeping medicines in a cool, dry place will help prevent them from becoming less effective before their expiration dates. Do not store medicines in bathrooms or bathroom cabinets, which are often hot and humid. What are some common side effects of antiemetic medicines? Healthy adults usually don’t experience side effects from antiemetic medicines. Side effects can be a concern for older adults or people who have health problems. The most common side effects of bismuth subsalicylate are darkened stools or tongue, constipation, and a ringing sound in the ears (tinnitus). These are short-term side effects. Antihistamines may make you feel sleepy. This can affect your ability to drive or operate machines, and it may be hard for you to think clearly. Alcohol can increase the drowsiness caused by antihistamines. Antihistamines may also cause your mouth and eyes to feel dry. Who shouldn’t take OTC antiemetic medicines? People who are allergic to aspirin or other salicylate medicines should not take bismuth subsalicylate. Don’t give bismuth subsalicylate to children 12 years of age or younger. Don’t give bismuth subsalicylate to children or teenagers 12 to 18 years of age who may have the flu or chickenpox. This increases their risk for Reye syndrome, which is a serious illness that can lead to death. Can OTC antiemetic medicines cause problems with any other medicines I take? Bismuth subsalicylate may affect some medicines so that they don’t work as well. It also may cause side effects if combined with other medicines. Ask your doctor before taking bismuth subsalicylate if you also take: Ask your",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505136
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Complete the name of the album 'Noel Gallagher's '?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds - Ballad Of The Mighty I - YouTube Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds - Ballad Of The Mighty I Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jan 12, 2015 Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds - \"Ballad Of The Mighty I\" (Official Video) New album 'Chasing Yesterday' is out now! Click here to purchase: Standard YouTube License Music",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505137
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In the Roman Catholic church what name is given to the form of prayers said on nine consecutive days?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Catholic Churches - definition of Catholic Churches by The Free Dictionary Catholic Churches - definition of Catholic Churches by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Catholic+Churches Related to Catholic Churches: Eastern Catholic Churches Roman Catholic Church n. The Christian church characterized by an episcopal hierarchy with the pope as its head and belief in seven sacraments and the authority of tradition. Roman Catholic Church n (Roman Catholic Church) the Christian Church over which the pope presides, with administrative headquarters in the Vatican. Also called: Catholic Church or Church of Rome Ro′man Cath′olic Church′ n. the Christian church of which the pope, or bishop of Rome, is the supreme head. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Roman Catholic Church - the Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy indulgence - the remission by the pope of the temporal punishment in purgatory that is still due for sins even after absolution; \"in the Middle Ages the unrestricted sale of indulgences by pardoners became a widespread abuse\" Divine Office - canonical prayers recited daily by priests (e.g. the breviary of the Roman Catholic Church) Little Office - a Roman Catholic office honoring the Virgin Mary; similar to but shorter than the Divine Office Office of the Dead - an office read or sung before a burial mass in the Roman Catholic Church placebo - (Roman Catholic Church) vespers of the office for the dead confession - (Roman Catholic Church) the act of a penitent disclosing his sinfulness before a priest in the sacrament of penance in the hope of absolution beatification - (Roman Catholic Church) an act of the Pope who declares that a deceased person lived a holy life and is worthy of public veneration; a first step toward canonization canonisation , canonization - (Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church) the act of admitting a deceased person into the canon of saints Mass - (Roman Catholic Church and Protestant Churches) the celebration of the Eucharist novena - a Roman Catholic devotion consisting of prayers on nine consecutive days Stations , Stations of the Cross - (Roman Catholic Church) a devotion consisting of fourteen prayers said before a series of fourteen pictures or carvings representing successive incidents during Jesus' passage from Pilate's house to his crucifixion at Calvary ostensorium , monstrance - (Roman Catholic Church) a vessel (usually of gold or silver) in which the consecrated Host is exposed for adoration pallium - (Roman Catholic Church) vestment consisting of a band encircling the shoulders with two lappets hanging in front and back ultramontanism - (Roman Catholic Church) the policy that the absolute authority of the church should be vested in the pope sursum corda - (Roman Catholic Church) a Latin versicle meaning `lift up your hearts' breviary - (Roman Catholic Church) a book of prayers to be recited daily certain priests and members of religious orders missal - (Roman Catholic Church) a book containing all the prayers and responses needed to celebrate Mass throughout the year Vulgate - the Latin edition of the Bible translated from Hebrew and Greek mainly by St. Jerome at the end of the 4th century; as revised in 1592 it was adopted as the official text for the Roman Catholic Church Paternoster - (Roman Catholic Church) the Lord's Prayer in Latin; translates as `our father' Mass card - (Roman Catholic Church) a card sent to a bereaved family that says the sender has arranged for a Mass to be said in memory of the deceased spiritual bouquet - (Roman Catholic Church) a card indicating that the sender will perform certain devotional acts on behalf of another kiss of peace , pax - (Roman Catholic Church) a greeting signifying Christian love for those assisting at the Eucharist Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary , Immaculate Conception - (Christianity) the Roman Catholic dogma that God preserved the Virgin Mary from any stain of original sin from the moment she was conceived gradual - (Roman Cath",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505138
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Through The Looking Glass which characters recite the poem The Walrus and the Carpenter to Alice?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Walrus and the Carpenter (characters) | Alice in Wonderland Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia The Walrus and the Carpenter The Walrus and the Carpenter (characters) 281pages on For the poem, see The Walrus and the Carpenter . ❖ ❖ ❖ The Walrus and the Carpenter are a pair of fictional characters from the novel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There by Lewis Carroll . They only appear within a poem, that Tweedledee and Tweedledum recite in Chapter Four. Description Edit According to the poem, the Walrus and Carpenter were walking along a beach one night when both sun and moon are visible. They came upon an offshore bed of oysters, four of whom they invited to join them; to the disapproval of the eldest oyster, many more follow them. After walking along the beach (a point is made of the fact that the oysters are all neatly shod despite having no feet), the two titular characters are revealed to be predatory and eat all of the oysters. After hearing the poem, the good-natured Alice attempts to determine which of the two leading characters might be the more sympathetic, but is thwarted by the Tweedles' further interpretation: \"I like the Walrus best,\" said Alice, \"because you see he was a little sorry for the poor oysters.\" \"He ate more than the Carpenter, though,\" said Tweedledee. \"You see he held his handkerchief in front, so that the Carpenter couldn't count how many he took: contrariwise.\" \"That was mean!\" Alice said indignantly. \"Then I like the Carpenter best—-if he didn't eat so many as the Walrus.\" \"But he ate as many as he could get,\" said Tweedledum. This was a puzzler. After a pause, Alice began, \"Well! They were both very unpleasant characters—-\" The dramatis personae for Through the Looking-Glass, identifies the Walrus as the Red Queen 's bishop and the Carpenter as the Red Queen's knight. [1] Other Appearances",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505139
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Romano is what type of foodstuff?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Romano - Cheese.com Find over 1750 specialty cheeses from 74 countries in the world's greatest cheese resource Creative Commons / Brian Boucheron Romano Romano is a hard cheese of Italian origin prepared predominantly with cow's milk or sheep's milk or goat's milk or mixtures of two or all of these. Made since the 1st century B.C., there are several types of Romano cheese. Determined by the type of milk used, name of Romano cheeses may be preceded by the word Vaccino (cow’s milk), Pecorino (sheep’s milk) or Caprino (goat’s milk). The most famous example of Romano cheese is Pecorino Romano , an exclusive Italian cheese with DOP designation from the Italian government. One of the most popular Italian cheeses, Romano cheese is made from pasteurised or unpasteurised milk using animal, plant, or microbial rennet. It has a grainy texture, a hard and brittle rind and grates easily. The curing of Romano takes not less than 5 months and longer if it is planned for grating. Every Romano cheese has its own peculiarities and shows different shades in texture, flavour and cooking uses. While Pecorino Romano, made from sheep’s milk, is sharp and quite tangy the second type of Romano cheese, Caprino Romano made from goat’s milk has an extremely sharp taste. The third variety made from cow’s milk, Vacchino Romano, is very mild in flavour. Romano cheese works excellent as a table cheese. It can be grated over pasta, soups and salad or shaved onto cooked dishes and cream sauces. Hard cheeses like Romano best pair with fruity wines like Riesling and Prosecco.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505140
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Swaythling Cup is competed for in which sport?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "China beats Germany to defend Swaythling Cup[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn Comments Chinese men's table tennis team members lift the trophy after winning the World Team Table Tennis Championships in Tokyo, Monday, May 5, 2014. [Photo/icpress.cn] TOKYO -- Chinese men's team beat Germany 3-1 to defend the Swaythling Cup at the World Table Tennis Championships in Tokyo on Monday. Ma Long beat Timo Boll 3-1 to open the winning way for China. Four years ago in Moscow, Ma led Boll 2-0 in the final but failed to win but this time he didn't waste the chance and won the match 11-6, 11-9 and 11-9. But Germany quickly tied the score as Dimitrij Ovtcharov swept Zhang Jike 3-0. Zhang made too many fouls and couldn't manage to turn the table over and lost China's first match of the tournament at 11-13, 8-11 and 6-11. Fortunately Xu Xin put China in the leading position soon as he quickly beat Germany's rookie Patrick Franziska in three games. Xu never gave any chance to Franziska and only allowed 15 points for the young German. Xu won the match 11-5, 11-2 and 11-8. Ma Long sealed the victory for the defending champion by beating Ovtcharov 3-0. After struggling to beat Ovtcharov 12-10 in the first game, Ma had a strong performance in the second and third game as Ovtcharov only scored seven points in two games. It is the nineteenth time for China to win the Swaythling Cup and China also made history to win the title for the consecutive seventh time, which started since 2001 in Osaka, Japan. \"The defeat is good for Zhang Jike,\" said Liu Guoliang, head coach of the Chinese team. \"Though he won the world champion in Paris last year, Zhang didn't make much improvement after the London Olympics. The loss shows that he still got room to improve. If he can learn from the defeat, I'm sure that he will push himself to a new level. I have faith in him and this defeat won't effect it.\" \"Though its my third time to win the world championship, it's the first time for me to play in the final,\" said Xu Xin. \"I've prepared for this moment for six years. I'm ready for it. That's why I totally controlled the match.\" \"I'm happy to beat Zhang Jike, the Olympic champion and the world champion, especially are 3-0. It might be my best match of life,\" said Ovtcharov, who earned Germany's only point. \"But unfortunately, this is a team match. Germany lost.\"",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505141
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"Who played \"\"Elaine Robinson\"\" in the 1967 film, \"\"The Graduate\"\"?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Graduate (1967) | The Film Spectrum The Graduate (1967) Producer: Lawrence Turman (United Artists) Writers: Charles Webb (novel), Calder Willingham and Buck Henry (screenplay) Photography: Robert Sourtees Cast: Dustin Hoffman, Anne Bancroft, Katherine Ross, William Daniels, Murray Hamilton Introduction “I’ve had this feeling ever since I’ve graduated, this kind of compulsion that I have to be rude all the time, you know what I mean? It’s like I’ve been playing some kind of game but the rules don’t make any sense to me. They’re being made up by all the wrong people.” The power of The Graduate can be summed up in two images. The first is Benjamin lying in the pool, post-graduation, trying to decide what to do in life. We’ve all been there, that coming-of-age feeling of a “quarter-life crisis,” uncertain about our future. The second is the famous shot under Mrs. Robinson’s leg. In one shot, The Graduate opened Hollywood’s bedroom door, planting the seeds for phrases like “MILF” and “cougar” and paving the way for so many sex comedies to come, from American Pie to Desperate Housewives. If you think such material shocks audiences today, imagine the impact in 1967. Together, this combo of coming-of-age politics and groundbreaking sexual revolution changed the course of movie — and American — history. The Graduate taught studio heads that great success could be had by making hipper films targeting younger audiences, marking a demarcation point from the “sword and sandal” epics of the ’50s and early ’60s. Director Mike Nichols played upon the generation gap, flattering youth by depicting adults as materialistic hypocrites, while leading Hollywood down a more socially-relevant path. If you’ve never seen the movie, prepare yourself for some seemingly random scuba diving, extended montage lounging and an uncertain ending interpreted in two different ways by Joseph Gordon-Levitt and Zooey Deschanel in (500) Days of Summer (2009). While these elements can be challenging, I assure you they are not random. They are the keys to understanding one of the best displays of directing in movie history and will bring you a new appreciation for one of the most important movies ever made. Plot Summary No love triangle has ever been as awkward for characters or as intriguing for viewers as the one in The Graduate. Benjamin Braddock (Dustin Hoffman) is a young college graduate overwhelmed by the thought of his future; the wife of his father’s business partner, Mrs. Robinson (Anne Bancroft), is an alcoholic, middle-aged temptress who seduces Benjamin into having an affair; and her sweet daughter, Elaine (Katherine Ross), genuinely falls for Benjamin, unaware that he’s having an affair with her mother. When Benjamin tries to call off the affair to date Elaine, Mrs. Robinson fights back, sending Elaine off to college at UC Berkeley. Believing Elaine might be his one true love, Benjamin hits the road to make amends. Can he catch her in time before she marries another man? Screenplay The script was based on a 1963 novel by Charles Webb, who truly put his money where his mouth was. Webb applied the book’s anti-materialistic values to his own life, selling all the money he made from the movie, even his wedding presents, to work minimum wage jobs. While a horrible business decision, Webb believed what he was writing, and that authenticity bleeds from the story. When it came time to adapt the book for the silver screen, the job went to screenwriters Calder Willingham and Buck Henry. Willingham knew good filmmaking, having written Paths of Glory (1957) for Stanley Kubrick and One-Eyed Jacks (1961) for Marlon Brando, and went on to write for Hoffman again in Little Big Man (1970). Meanwhile, Henry made a memorable cameo as the hotel desk clerk, before becoming one of the most coveted screenwriters of the ’70s, reuniting with Nichols for Catch-22 (1970), winning the WGA Award for Best Original Comedy in Peter Bogdanovich’s What’s Up, Doc? (1972) and earning a second Oscar nomination for Warren Beatty’s Heaven Can Wait (1978). Still, none of those scripts",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505142
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the ship of (1960s UK TV) cartoon pirate Captain Pugwash?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Captain Pugwash (TV Series 1957–1966) - IMDb IMDb There was an error trying to load your rating for this title. Some parts of this page won't work property. Please reload or try later. X Beta I'm Watching This! Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. Error The adventures of Captain Pugwash and his crew aboard the pirate ship - the Black Pig. Creator: Famous Directors: From Sundance to Prominence From Christopher Nolan to Quentin Tarantino and every Coen brother in between, many of today's most popular directors got their start at the Sundance Film Festival . Here's a list of some of the biggest names to go from Sundance to Hollywood prominence. a list of 120 titles created 06 May 2012 a list of 981 titles created 24 Sep 2012 a list of 14 titles created 10 Nov 2012 a list of 2 titles created 24 Jan 2013 a list of 36 titles created 01 Nov 2013 Search for \" Captain Pugwash \" on Amazon.com Connect with IMDb Title: Captain Pugwash (1957–1966) 6.8/10 Want to share IMDb's rating on your own site? Use the HTML below. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. The Trap Door (TV Series 1984) Animation | Adventure | Comedy 3D plasticine animation, featuring Berk, a blue creature who lives as servant to the unseen 'Thing Upstairs' in an old dark house. Every time the trap door opens a new adventure begins for ... See full summary » Stars: William Rushton 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8.5/10 X A team of 6 contestants play a series of physical, mental, skill and mystery games across 4 themed zones gaining as many crystals as possible which determine how many seconds they get as they attempt to win a prize inside the Crystal Dome. Stars: Richard O'Brien, Edward Tudor-Pole, Sandra Caron A melancholic children's animation from the 'Smallfilms' team of Postgate and Firmin. Bagpuss and his friends are toys in a turn of the century shop for 'found things'. When young Emily ... See full summary » Stars: Oliver Postgate, Sandra Kerr, John Faulkner When Jamie shines his Magic Torch on the floor of his bedroom a hole appears, leading Jamie and Wordsworth the sheepdog to the psychedelic fantasy world of Cuckooland. Stars: Brian Trueman, Kate Murray-Henderson Children's puppet programme featuring music and stories. Stars: Geoffrey Hayes, Roy Skelton, Stanley Bates Popular British children's animation series, repeated almost constantly since 1971. Mr Benn is the ordinary, bowler-hatted office worker who lives in the ordinary suburban street of Festive... See full summary » Stars: Ray Brooks Button Moon (TV Series 1980) Family Mr Spoon and his family live on Junk Planet. He travels in his baked bean tin spaceship across blanket sky to Button Moon. There he meets many strange characters and watches stories unfold on other planets using his telescope. Stars: Robin Parkinson The true story of Sherwood Forest is finally revealed: Robin was a cowardly tailor from Kensington, and Marian was the brains behind the Merry Men. With her ruthless band of freedom ... See full summary » Stars: Kate Lonergan, Adam Morris, Danny John-Jules The Wombles (TV Series 1973) Animation | Family The misadventures of a fantasy folk community dedicated to cleaning up litter and put it to their own use. Stars: Bernard Cribbins, Dieter Hallervorden The long running television series of the Grange Hill Comprehensive School, and the children's everyday lives. Stars: Stuart Organ, Gwyneth Powell, Lee Cornes In 17th century France, young Dogtanian travels to Paris to fulfill his ambition to become one of the King's Musketeers. He befriends Athos, Porthos and Aramis and falls in love with Juliette. A doggy version of the tale. Stars: Eduardo Jover, Gloria Cámara, Manuel Peiró The adventures of a little boy called Bod, who lives in a town with his friends Aunt Flo, P.C. Copper, Frank the Postman and Farmer Barleymow. Each episode also featured Alberto Frog and his Amazing Animal Band. Stars: John Le Mesurier, Maggie Henderson Did You Know? Trivia On 13 September 1991 national British newspaper 'The Guardian' claimed that certain chara",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505143
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In Italian cooking, what kind of food is spiced to make Pancetta?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Boiled Pork Belly With Garlic Sauce Boiled Pork Belly With Garlic Sauce Sign Up for Our Free Newsletters Thanks, You're in! Health Tip of the Day Living Healthy There was an error. Please try again. Please select a newsletter. Please enter a valid email address. Did you mean ? Boiled Pork with Garlic Sauce. Liv Wan Updated July 02, 2016. Boiled pork belly with garlic sauce (蒜泥白肉) is one of my favourite Sichuan cuisine dishes. It’s absolutely delicious and it’s also a very popular dish in both Chinese and Taiwanese households. This dish originates from Sichuan in China, but it has become very popular in Taiwan. The main ingredient of this dish is pork but when people think about “pork belly” they normally think of a dish that is very rich, heavy and greasy to eat. But this dish is served cold with delicious garlic sauce and cucumber so it’s much lighter than you may think and is a very popular summer dish in the East. Traditionally in China during religious ceremonies and events, people will offer cooked chicken, meat and fruit for the Buddha. One of the popular foods to offer to the Buddha is boiled pork belly and after the ceremony has finishes, Chinese people will make a dish out of the boiled pork belly and this boiled pork belly with garlic sauce is one of the popular dishes. When I was young I thought the way to prepare this dish is to just use water to boil the pork belly until it’s cooked. After my grandfather taught me how to cook this dish I found out it’s not as easy as just cooking the pork belly in water. But trust me, it’s not that complicated to make so follow my instructions and you should have no problem at all. My grandfather taught me to “season” the water when cooking the pork belly. So in this recipe you can see I added a few ingredients including rice wine, salt, star anise, cardamom pods, spring onions and ginger to the water. Of course if you don’t want to prepare so many ingredients you can just add rice wine, spring onions and ginger (or even just ginger and rice wine) when boiling the pork. When cooking you need to bring the pork belly to a boil over a high heat and then simmer for about 1 hour. You can use a chop stick to poke the pork belly while cooking and if the chop stick can go through the pork belly then the pork belly is ready. Try to slice the pork belly as thin as possible so you won’t feel the pork belly is so greasy and heavy to eat. Crushed peanut is an optional extra but it does add extra flavour and texture to the dish. If you have a peanut allergy or think it’s too much hassle then just leave it. It won’t affect the flavour of this dish too much. There are many different ways to make the garlic sauce and this recipe was taught to me by my grandfather. You can add some chili oil or Sichuan pepper oil if you like your food hot and spicy. As usual, you can adjust the seasonings for this dish to suit your personal taste. 1.25 litres (40 fl oz/5 cups) water 1 tablespoon rice wine 2 knobs ginger, each about 2.5cm (1 in) 1 kg (2 lb 3 oz) pork belly 1 cucumber, thinly sliced 1 tablespoon roasted crushed peanuts (optional) 2 tablespoon the stock from boil the pork belly 3 tablespoon light soy sauce 1 teaspoon sugar",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505144
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who led English barons in an attempt to influence Henry III, called a parliament in 1265 and was defeated at the Battle of Evesham?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "BBC - History - Henry III z Henry III © A 13th century English king who came to the throne at an early age and whose reign was marked by strife with barons, led by Simon de Montfort. Henry was born on 1 October 1207 in Winchester, the son of John. Henry was nine when his father died and he became king. The country was ruled by a series of regencies until 1234, when Henry took over. Problems began as early as 1237, when his barons objected to the influence of Henry's Savoyard relatives. The marriage arranged in 1238 between Henry's sister and English nobleman Simon de Montfort only made relationship between Henry and his leading nobles worse. In 1242, Henry's half brothers involved him in a disastrously expensive military venture in France. This prompted parliament to demand new blood on the council to act as 'conservators of liberties' and oversee royal finances. But the king was able to exploit the differences between his opponents and little happened. Finally, in 1258 a bungled deal with the Papacy threatened Henry with excommunication. This, together with defeats in Wales and local crises, brought about the main crisis of his reign. The Provisions of Oxford (1258) created a 15-member privy council, selected by the barons, to advise the king and oversee the entire administration. Parliament was to be held three times a year and the households of the king and queen were also to be reformed. The settlement began to break down in 1260 with quarrels between the Earl of Gloucester and the ambitious Simon de Montfort. Civil war was inevitable. In May 1264, Simon de Montfort won a resounding victory at Lewes and set up a new government. In May 1265, Henry's eldest son Prince Edward escaped captivity and rallied the royalist forces, defeating and killing de Montfort at Evesham before taking control of government from his weakened father. The rest of the reign was occupied by resolving the problems created by the rebellion. Henry deprived de Montfort's supporters of their lands, but the 'disinherited' fought back until terms were agreed in 1266 for former rebels to buy back their lands. By 1270, the country was sufficiently settled for Edward to set off on crusade. Henry died on 16 November 1272. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, which he had largely rebuilt in the gothic style during his reign.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505145
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which racecourse stages the Coventry Stakes?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "2013 Royal Ascot Coventry Stakes 4.25 - YouTube 2013 Royal Ascot Coventry Stakes 4.25 Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Published on Jun 18, 2013 WAR IN COMMAND Ascot Racecourse /'sk?t/ is a famous English racecourse, located in the small town of Ascot, Berkshire, used for thoroughbred horse racing. It is one of the leading racecourses in the United Kingdom, hosting 9 of the UK's 32 annual Group 1 races. The course is closely associated with the British Royal Family, being approximately six miles from Windsor Castle. It is owned by Ascot Racecourse Ltd.[1] Ascot today stages twenty-six days of racing over the course of the year, comprising eighteen Flat meetings held between the months of May and October inclusive. It also stages important jump racing throughout the winter months. The Royal Meeting, held in June, remains a major draw, the highlight being the Gold Cup. The most prestigious race is the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes run over the course in July. Category",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505146
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which seaside resort is the setting for the Only Fools And Horses 'Jolly Boys Outing'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Jolly Boys' Outing | Only Fools and Horses Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia Only Fools and Horses Wiki Del and friends go on their annual \"beano\" to Margate. Contents [ show ] Synopsis Nearly a year has passed since Rodney married Cassandra . He is now working for her father's printing firm, Parry Print Ltd., while Uncle Albert has to act as \"Executive Lookout\" for Trotters Independent Traders , i.e: watching out for the police. Whilst Albert and Del Boy flog car radios \"as recommended by Nigel Mansell\" down at the market, Cassandra visits them both and narrowly avoids one of Albert's boring war-stories. She also tries to put them off from coming to dinner at her and Rodney's flat the following evening, but Del is naively slow on the uptake and proclaims he and Albert will be there. Soon Marlene , with her newborn son named Tyler , pops by and chats with Del, who talks about how he, Rodney, Albert, Boycie , and numerous The Nag's Head regulars are going off on their traditional once-a-year annual \"Beano\" (day-trip) called the Jolly Boys' Outing to the seaside resort of Margate on Saturday. The following evening, at Rodney and Cassandra's flat, the Trotters enjoy a sophisticated dinner with Cassandra's parents, as well as her boss, Stephen (a yuppie who is much hated by Rodney, Alan , and to a lesser extent, Albert), and his wife, Joanne. During a game of Trivial Pursuit, Del also points out that Cassandra's father Alan is also going on the Jolly Boys' Outing, much to his wife Pamela 's chagrin; but Alan promises her that he won't eat or drink anything and just have a good time. During their game of Trivial Pursuit, Del suggests that a female swan is called a bic (After a clue from Rodney, where he shows him a pen). On Saturday, The Jolly Boys are riding down the highway in their coach (equipped with one of Del's car radios), singing along to \" Help! \" by Bananarama . Albert complains that they had to leave before breakfast, but conversation from Mickey Pearce and Jevon reveals that the Jolly Boys had to leave early due to it being a Bank Holiday weekend (Margate will therefore be flooded with tourists), and a train strike is also ongoing. Del goes to get his uncle some sandwiches from Denzil , only to discover him taking pills. Denzil states he simply has an ear infection, and a doctor told him to take some medication. He begs Del not to the others, since they will laugh. Del promises that Denzil's secret is safe with him. However shortly, Mike hands Denzil the brass bell he calls time with in the Nag's Head, meaning Del had told everyone on board the coach. The coach arrives at a halfway house, where the Jolly Boys have a couple of drinks. While finding Del in the gents' toilets, Mike runs into his old rival, Eddie Chambers , who says that he now runs a night club called The Mardi Gras in Margate. Del buys some tickets from Eddie, and explains to Mike that he'll sell the tickets to some other people before leaving Margate. Mike then informs Del that Harry, the bus driver, is drunk. Outside, Rodney, Mickey, Jevon, and Denzil play a bit of football, as the other Jolly Boys exit the halfway house with a paralytic Harry, who is helped onto the coach by Mike and Trigger . Albert suggests that Denzil should drive the coach, seeing as he is licenced to drive both heavy goods vehicles and buses. Denzil refuses at first, but eventually gives in and only agrees to drive the coach if Harry drives it home. As the Jolly Boys prepare to leave, Rodney gets arrested for accidentally throwing the football at a policeman (which he was passing to Del). Del and Alan quickly bail Rodney out, and they head for Margate. The Jolly Boys arrive in Margate and enjoy themselves, such as playing on the beach, and going on the rides at the amusement park . At one point, Alan tries to eat some jellied eels, but Mike quickly stops him (as per the advice of Alan's wife). That evening, as Del and Rodney sit down together at a jetty and talk about how Cassandra reminds them of their late mother Joan . Looking out to the sea, Del also brings up the time",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505147
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which US state is the city of Cincinnati?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "CITY OF CINCINNATI v. UNITED STATES | FindLaw CITY OF CINCINNATI v. UNITED STATES CITY OF CINCINNATI v. UNITED STATES United States Court of Appeals,Federal Circuit. CITY OF CINCINNATI, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES, Defendant-Appellee. No. 98-5039. Decided: September 01, 1998 Before NEWMAN, RADER, and BRYSON, Circuit Judges.John J. Williams, Assistant City Solicitor, City of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, argued for plaintiff-appellant. With him on the brief was Fay D. Dupuis, City Solicitor. Colleen A. Conry, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, argued for defendant-appellee. On the brief were Frank W. Hunger, Assistant Attorney General, David M. Cohen, Director, Kirk T. Manhardt, Assistant Director, and Miguel A. Serrano, Trial Attorney. Among the oldest principles of constitutional law is that a state may not tax the United States. That issue has been settled since 1819, when the Supreme Court held in McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. (4 Wheat.) 316, 4 L.Ed. 579, that the State of Maryland could not tax the Bank of the United States. That principle, which has been extended to municipalities and subdivisions of states, is simple and absolute: A state or local governmental body may not tax a federal entity in the absence of congressional consent. See United States v. County of Allegheny, 322 U.S. 174, 177, 64 S.Ct. 908, 88 L.Ed. 1209 (1944). In practice, however, the principle has proved difficult to apply. See United States v. New Mexico, 455 U.S. 720, 733-38, 102 S.Ct. 1373, 71 L.Ed.2d 580 (1982). One issue courts have had to decide is whether the assessment in question should be characterized as a tax, and thus impermissible when imposed on a federal entity, or whether the assessment should be considered a fee for services provided to the federal entity, and therefore permissible. See, e.g., United States v. City of Huntington, 999 F.2d 71 (4th Cir.1993) (municipal “fire service fee” and “flood protection fee” were taxes that could not be imposed upon federal entities); United States v. City of Columbia, 914 F.2d 151 (8th Cir.1990) (surcharge on municipal water and electric utility bills was a fee, not a tax, and therefore could be assessed against federal entities). While that question is often difficult to answer, we do not reach it in this case, because the city's complaint runs aground on a preliminary matter: It fails to establish the elements of an implied contract between the city and the United States and therefore fails to state a claim upon which the Court of Federal Claims may grant relief. For that reason, we affirm the judgment of the trial court dismissing the complaint. I The City of Cincinnati operates a stormwater management system, which is designed to control stormwater runoff within the city. A city ordinance provides for a “storm drainage service charge” to be imposed on property owners within the city in order to pay the expenses of the stormwater management system. The amount of the assessment against each property owner is a function of the size of the property and its “intensity of development.” The general goal of the assessment formula is to impose higher assessments on properties that are expected to produce more stormwater runoff, such as commercial or industrial properties, and to impose lower assessments on properties that are expected to produce less stormwater runoff, such as residential or undeveloped properties. Not all of the distinctions in the rates of assessment can be accounted for by the expected amount of stormwater runoff from particular kinds of properties, however. As counsel for the city confirmed at oral argument, some distinctions among the assessment levels are based on a decision that certain kinds of properties, such as churches, should be subject to lower assessments. The property owner in this case is a federal entity, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), which operates a facility within the City of Cincinnati. The city conte",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505148
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Italian form of improvised comic drama was popular in the 16th and 17th centuries?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Italian Drama. Modern Greek Drama. (Part 10) Italian Drama The priority in this as in most of the other aspects of the Renaissance belongs to ITALY. In ultimate achievement, the Italian fell short of the fullness of the results obtained elsewherea surprising fact when it is considered, not only that the Italian language had the vantage-ground of closest relationship to the Latin, but that the genius of the Italian people has at all times inspired it with a predilection for the drama. The cause is doubtless to be sought in the absence from Italian national life during a long period, and more especially during the contemporary with the rise earlier most of Italian dramatic literature, of those loftiest and most potent impulses of popular feeling to which a national drama owes so much of its strength. This absence was due partly to the peculiarities of the Italian character, partly to the political and ecclesiastical experience Italy was fated to undergo. The Italians were strangers to the enthusiasm of patriotism, which was as the breath in the nostrils of our Elizabethan age, as well as to the single minded religiosity which identified Spain with the spirit of the Catholic Revival. The clear-sightedness of the Italians had something to do with thisfor they were too free from illusions to deliver up their minds to their priests. The chilling and enervating effects of a pressure of foreign domination, such as no Western people with a history and a civilization like those of Italy has ever experienced, did the rest, and for many generations rendered impotent the higher efforts of the dramatic art. No basis was permanently found for a really national tragedy ; while literary comedy, after turning from the direct imitation of Latin models to a more popular form, lost itself in an abandoned immorality of tone and in reckless insolence of invective against particular classes of society. Though its productivity long continued, the poetic drama more and more concentrated its efforts upon subordinate or subsidiary species, artificial in origin and decorative in purpose, and surrendered its substance to the overpowering aids of music, dancing, and spectacles. Only a single form of the Italian drama, the improvised comedy, remained truly national ; and this was of its nature dissociated from higher literary effort. The revival of Italian tragedy in later times is due partly to the imitation of French models, partly to the endeavour of a brilliant genius to infuse into his art the historical and political spirit. Comedy likewise attained to new growths of considerable significance, when it was sought to accommodate its popular forms to the representation of real life in a wider range, and again to render it more poetical in accordance with the tendencies of modern romanticism. The regular Italian drama n both its tragic its comic branches, began with a reproduction, in the Latin language, of classical models ; but tragedy in its beginnings showed a tendency which it was before long to treat themes of national historical interest. Two earliest tragedies of which we hear, written by the Paduan historian Mussato about 1300, were both copies of Seneca ; but while one (Achilleis) treated a classical theme, the other dealt with the history of a famous tyrant of the authors native city (Eccerinis). In the next century events of recent or contemporary history were similarly dealt with ;1 but the majority of its Latin dramas were doubtless written to suit the tastes of the friends and patrons of the Italian Renaissance, who, like Lorenzo the Magnificent, wished to domesticate the heathen gods and goddesses on a stage hitherto occupied by the sacred figures of Christian belief. Such were the Latin imitations and translations of Greek and Latin tragedies and comedies by Bishop Martirano, the friend of Lorenzos son Pope Leo X., on the adventure of Danaë2 and other subjects ; the famous Progne of G. Corraro (d. 1464), the nephew of an earlier Pope ; and the efforts of Pomponius Laetus, who, with the aid of Cardinal Riaro, sought to revive the",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505149
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Joshua Tree National Park is in which US state?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Joshua Tree National Park (U.S. National Park Service) Contact Us Where Two Deserts Meet Two distinct desert ecosystems, the Mojave and the Colorado, come together in Joshua Tree National Park. A fascinating variety of plants and animals make their homes in a land sculpted by strong winds and occasional torrents of rain. Dark night skies, a rich cultural history, and surreal geologic features add to the wonder of this vast wilderness in southern California. Come explore for yourself. Read More",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505150
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; ‘I Don’t Know How to Love Him’ is a song from which rock opera?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "I DON'T KNOW HOW TO LOVE HIM (Lyrics) - SARAH BRIGHTMAN - YouTube I DON'T KNOW HOW TO LOVE HIM (Lyrics) - SARAH BRIGHTMAN Want to watch this again later? Sign in to add this video to a playlist. Need to report the video? Sign in to report inappropriate content. Rating is available when the video has been rented. This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Uploaded on Jan 30, 2012 \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" is a song from the 1970 rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar written by Andrew Lloyd Webber (music) and Tim Rice (lyrics), a torch ballad sung by the character of Mary Magdalene who in Jesus Christ Superstar is presented as bearing an unrequited love for the title character. The song has been much recorded with \"I Don't Know How to Love Him\" long being unique for having two versions concurrently in the Top 30 of the Hot 100 chart in Billboard magazine, specifically those recorded by Helen Reddy and Yvonne Elliman. Sarah Brightman (born 14 August 1960) is an English classical crossover soprano, actress, songwriter and dancer. She is famous for possessing a vocal range of over 3 octaves and singing in the whistle register. She sings in many languages including English, Spanish, French, Latin, German, Italian, Russian, Hindi, Mandarin Chinese and Japanese. Brightman began her career as a member of the dance troupe Hot Gossip and released several disco singles as a solo performer. In 1981, she made her West End musical theatre debut in Cats and met composer Andrew Lloyd Webber, whom she married. She went on to star in several Broadway musicals, including The Phantom of the Opera, where she originated the role of Christine Daaé. The Original London Cast Album of the musical was released in CD format in 1987 and sold over 40 million copies worldwide, making it the biggest-selling cast album of all time. For complete text pls visit Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Category",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505151
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; With which musical instrument is Theolonius Monk best associated?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Best of Thelonious Monk - Thelonious Monk | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic The Best of Thelonious Monk AllMusic Rating google+ AllMusic Review by Ronnie D. Lankford, Jr. Offering a \"best-of\" package from Thelonious Monk is a daunting task, even if the compiler sticks to his Riverside material between 1955 and 1960. Such a package, for instance, could only hint at the riches of an album like Brilliant Corners and Monk's Music . But why shouldn't a newcomer to the works of Monk have one great disc to draw him or her in? The Best of Thelonious Monk accomplishes just that, compiling pieces from the above mentioned albums, live tracks, and even a lovely solo version of the pianist's best-known piece, \"'Round Midnight.\" The disc is packed -- with one exception -- with Monk 's compositions, thus introducing the novice to all aspects of his work. Monk 's joined by a who's who list of modern jazz greats including saxophonist John Coltrane , drummer Art Blakey , and tenor Sonny Rollins for trios, quartets, quintets, and sextets. There's a tremendous 11-minute take on \"Well, You Needn't\" and a nice interpretation of Duke Ellington 's \"Caravan.\" As this disc plainly shows, Monk 's writing and piano style was beautifully idiosyncratic, and quite unlike anything else at the time or since. His solos on \"Well, You Needn't\" and \"Brilliant Corners\" range between mathematically precise to abstract, spinning precise patterns and then drifting freely. But while Monk 's music was always difficult, he -- like Charles Mingus -- never forgot to write intriguing melodies. For those who have never experienced the brilliance of one of jazz's most distinct stylists, The Best of Thelonious Monk is a grand place to start. Track Listing",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505152
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What information did members of the Waffen S.S. have tattooed on their arms?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "SS blood type tattoo - WWII General - WWII Forums → WWII General We Need Your Help - Become a Site Supporter For 16 years we've been delivering WWII discussion and research, help support our efforts for the next 16 years. Become a WW2 Forums Patron ! SS blood type tattoo Started by Wolfy , Jun 12 2009 01:10 PM Please log in to reply 5 replies to this topic 1,900 posts Posted 12 June 2009 - 01:10 PM Mundane question, but why were these required for all members of the SS? Armed or General SS, etc.? 2 Posted 12 June 2009 - 01:17 PM I recall it was for the quicker transfusion when they saw the blood group straight away. And I think it was for the Waffen-ss. Found something in a previous posting: Blood Group Tattoo Many members of the SS had their blood type tattooed under their left underarm, 7cm long and 20cm up from the elbow. The purpose of the tattoo was for medics to quickly determine a wounded man's blood type. Despite the fact that the tattoo was mentioned in a a soldiers ID papers, not all Waffen-SS troops were branded with it. After the war, Allied investigators used the blood group tattoo to identify potential war crimes suspects; which prompted many SS members to burn or disfigure their underarm to avoid capture. However, SS officers were not obligated to get the tattoo - undoubtedly aiding their chances to evade capture and interrogation. All members of the Waffen-SS were required to have a tattoo on his left arm verifying his blood group. Note that not all members actually had a tattoo even though it was required, this included any of the high ranking officers and those who joined the Waffen-SS in the later part of the war. The tattoo was normally applied to those who did their basic training in the Waffen-SS, but also non-Waffen-SS soldiers could get the tattoo if they were treated in the Waffen-SS field hospitals. Two different types of tattoos existed, one in gothic lettering and one in latin lettering, the latter one being used later in the war. Wolfy and AndyPants like this",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505153
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In March 1974 a picture of which US actress was on the cover of the first issue of ‘People’ magazine?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "ASME's Top 40 Magazine Covers of the Last 40 Years | ASME ASME's Top 40 Magazine Covers of the Last 40 Years Share This #21 LIFE (November 26, 1965) \"The Blunt Reality of War in Vietnam,\" appears on the November 26, 1965 magazine cover of LIFE. Paul Schutzer's photograph of a Vietcong prisoner with his eyes and mouth taped shut captured the tumultuous war. Schutzer was one of LIFE's best photographers, but was killed on assignment while covering the Six-Day War in 1967. #22 George (October/November 1995) The premiere issue of George featured supermodel Cindy Crawford on the cover dressed as George Washington. George was founded by John F. Kennedy Jr., and covered politics, current events, pop culture and celebrity news. In 1999, Kennedy was killed in a plane crash and consequently, George folded in March 2001. #23 The Nation (November 13, 2000) This magazine cover of The Nation features artwork by Brian Stauffer that depicts George Bush as Alfred E. Neuman, the fictional mascot of the magazine Mad, complete with a button that reads, \"What, me worry?\" The U.S. presidential election was held on November 7, 2000, and when this issue of the magazine was released, the winner of the election was still unclear. The issue discusses what would happen to the country and the world if Bush became president, and in fact Bush was declared the winner of the election the next month. #24 Interview (December 1972) This magazine cover of Interview was designed by Richard Bernstein and features Andy Warhol photographing model Grace Jones for the December 1972 issue. Warhol founded the magazine in 1969 and featured unedited interviews with celebrities along with photographs and striking ads. #25 TIME (September 14, 2001) The magazine cover of the September 14, 2001, special edition of TIME features a photograph of the two hijacked airliners ripping through the World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001, taken by photographer Lyle Owerkoof. The issue included testimonies from survivors, more photographs of the Twin Towers after the bombings, and a salute to all those who perished in the tragedy. #26 People (March 4, 1974) This premiere issue of People featured Mia Farrow on the cover biting a strand of pearls. Farrow was starring in the movie The Great Gatsby as Daisy Buchanan and the magazine cover dubbed Gatsby the year's next big movie. Since this issue, People has become a popular magazine of celebrity and pop culture news and is best known for yearly special issues naming The 50 Most Beautiful People, The Best and Worst Dressed and The Sexiest Man Alive. #27 Entertainment Weekly (May 2, 2003) The Dixie Chicks appear naked on this magazine cover of Entertainment Weekly with slogans such as, \"Boycott,\" \"Traitors,\" \"Hero,\" and \"Proud Americans,\" printed on their bodies. Two months before, member Natalie Maines criticized the impending invasion of Iraq by President George Bush at a concert in London. This remark sparked intense criticism from many Americans who subsequently boycotted The Dixie Chicks music and concerts. In their interview with Entertainment Weekly, the group discussed their reaction to the criticism and what lies ahead for them in the country music industry. #28 LIFE (April 16, 1965) This black and white photograph on the magazine cover of LIFE by Larry Burrows shows the Vietcong zeroing in on vulnerable United States' helicopters. The LIFE photographer had covered the war in Vietnam since 1962 and reported this article from Da Nang. On this day, Burrows accompanied a helicopter squadron on a mission where the pilot was killed and other members of the squadron were wounded. Burrows himself was killed in 1971 while on assignment in Laos when his helicopter was shot down by enemy fire. #29 Playboy (October 1971) (TIE) Photographer Richard Fegley took this photo of model Darine Stern sitting on a Playboy bunny chair for the October 1971 cover of the magazine. The idea came about when art designer Len Willis decided to create a chair using the famous rabbit head. Stern became the first African-American model to grace the co",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505154
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In World War I, what was the third battle of Ypres, from 31 July to 6 November 6, 1917, also known as?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders - Jul 31, 1917 - HISTORY.com Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders Share this: Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders Author Third Battle of Ypres begins in Flanders URL Publisher A+E Networks On July 31, 1917, the Allies launch a renewed assault on German lines in the Flanders region of Belgium, in the much-contested region near Ypres, during World War I. The attack begins more than three months of brutal fighting, known as the Third Battle of Ypres. While the first and second battles at Ypres were attacks by the Germans against the Allied-controlled salient around Ypres–which crucially blocked any German advance to the English Channel–the third was spearheaded by the British commander in chief, Sir Douglas Haig. After the resounding failure of the Nivelle Offensive–named for its mastermind, the French commander Robert Nivelle–the previous May, followed by widespread mutinies within the French army, Haig insisted that the British should press ahead with another major offensive that summer. The aggressive and meticulously planned offensive, ostensibly aimed at destroying German submarine bases located on the north coast of Belgium, was in fact driven by Haig’s (mistaken) belief that the German army was on the verge of collapse, and would be broken completely by a major Allied victory. After an opening barrage of some 3,000 guns, Haig ordered nine British divisions, led by Sir Hubert Gough’s 5th Army, to advance on the German lines near the Belgian village of Passchendaele on July 31; they were joined by six French divisions. In the first two days of the attacks, while suffering heavy casualties, the Allies made significant advances–in some sectors pushing the Germans back more than a mile and taking more than 5,000 German prisoners–if not as significant as Haig had envisioned. The offensive was renewed in mid-August, though heavy rains and thickening mud severely hampered the effectiveness of Allied infantry and artillery and prevented substantial gains over the majority of the summer and early fall. Dissatisfied with his army’s gains by the end of August, Haig had replaced Gough with Herbert Plumer at the head of the attack; after several small gains in September, the British were able to establish control over the ridge of land east of Ypres. Encouraged, Haig pushed Plumer to continue the attacks towards the Passchendaele ridge, some 10 kilometers from Ypres. Thus the Third Battle of Ypres–also known as Passchendaele, for the village, and the ridge surrounding it, that saw the heaviest fighting–continued into its third month, as the Allied attackers reached near-exhaustion, with few notable gains, and the Germans reinforced their positions in the region with reserve troops released from the Eastern Front, where Russia’s army was foundering amid internal turmoil. Unwilling to give up, Haig ordered a final three attacks on Passchendaele in late October. The eventual capture of the village, by Canadian and British troops, on November 6, 1917, allowed Haig to finally call off the offensive, claiming victory, despite some 310,000 British casualties, as opposed to 260,000 on the German side, and a failure to create any substantial breakthrough, or change of momentum, on the Western Front. Given its outcome, the Third Battle of Ypres remains one of the most costly and controversial offensives of World War I, representing–at least for the British–the epitome of the wasteful and futile nature of trench warfare. Related Videos",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505155
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The New Model Army and The Levellers were groups in which war?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "1642-1652: The Diggers and the Levellers Home 1642-1652: The Diggers and the Levellers A history of the radical movements the Diggers and the Levellers which sprung up around the English Civil War. The political and social upheaval that resulted from the English Civil War in the seventeenth century [effectively two conflicts between 1642 -1646 and 1647/48] led to the development of a set of radical ideas centred around movements known as ‘Diggers’ and ‘Levellers’ The Diggers [or ‘True Levellers’] were led by William Everard who had served in the New Model Army. As the name implies, the diggers aimed to use the earth to reclaim the freedom that they felt had been lost partly through the Norman Conquest; by seizing the land and owning it ‘in common’ they would challenge what they considered to be the slavery of property. They were opposed to the use of force and believed that they could create a classless society simply through seizing land and holding it in the ‘common good’. To this end, a small group [initially 12, though rising to 50] settled on common land first at St George’s Hill and later in Cobham, Surrey and grew corn and other crops. This small group defied the landlords, the Army and the law for over a year. In addition to this, groups travelled through England attempting to rally supporters. In this they had some successes in Kent and Northamptonshire. Their main propagandist was Gerard Winstanley who produced the clearest statement of Digger ideas in ‘The Law of Freedom in a Platform’ published in 1652. This was a defence and exposition of the notion of a classless society based in secularism and radical democracy The relatively small group of followers of Digger ideas was never particularly influential and was quite easily suppressed by Cromwell and Fairfax. The most significant of these movements were The Levellers whose revolutionary ideas resonated throughout the succeeding centuries, mostly notably in the demands of the Chartists in the nineteenth century. The Levellers’ ideas found most support in the ranks of the ’New Model Army’, formed by Oliver Cromwell in 1645 and were largely responsible for the defeat of the Royalist forces led by Charles I, particularly in the decisive Battle of Naseby in June 1645. By the end of the first civil war in 1646 Leveller ideas were particularly influential and culminated in the Putney Debates where ordinary soldiers debated revolutionary ideas with their generals; it was at this series of meetings that Leveller Colonel Thomas Rainborough argued the case for universal suffrage: “I think that the poorest he that is in England hath a life to live as the greatest he, and therefore truly, sir, I think it is clear to every man that is to live under a government ought first by his own consent to put himself under that government.” Unfortunately, this outbreak of democracy within the ranks of the army was relatively short-lived; the outbreak of the second civil war in 1647 allowed the generals to reassert their authority and Leveller influence began to wane. An attempted mutiny by Leveller soldiers was brutally suppressed in Burford, Oxfordshire in 1649; leaders were executed by Cromwell’s soldiers and others were tried for high treason. Why this brutal suppression? What did the generals find so threatening about the Levellers? Who were the Levellers? The Levellers were a relatively loose alliance of radicals and freethinkers who came to prominence during the period of instability that characterised the English Civil War of 1642 – 1649. The most prominent Levellers were John Lilburne, Richard Over",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505156
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which composer was born on exactly the same day as TV evangelist Pat Robertson?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Landmark Birthdays | Who2 Frank Sinatra ‘Gave Men License to Cry’ December 12, 2015 | By Fritz Holznagel Frank Sinatra is 100 years old today, and Stephen Holden has a terrific notebook that captures so many truths about the man. Holden runs through a recap of all the ….. Joe Biden is 70! Where Will He Be When He’s 82? November 20, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel The cheerful vice president was born in Scranton on November 20th of 1942. Will he become the oldest first-time president in 2017? The Chuck Jones Centennial: Here It Comes, Doc! September 17, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel Chuck Jones, the celebrated director of Bugs Bunny, Wile E. Coyote and the Grinch, was born on this week in 1912. July 23, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel An daring life, seen in nine good photos. A Blast From Paul McCartney’s Past: Rare Photos and Go-Kart Love June 18, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel For Sir Paul’s 70th birthday, The Guardian goes to its archives and a Manhattan gallery shows some grand old photos. May 15, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel The man who filmed President Kennedy’s shooting would be 107 this year; his camera turns 50. Packy the Elephant is Now 50 April 23, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel The Oregon Zoo’s star elephant was born the same year as Tom Cruise and King Abdullah of Jordan. And he gets more cake than either one. February 7, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel What do they have in common? Crazy old Camden Town. The Big Big Birthdays of 2012 January 1, 2012 | By Fritz Holznagel Which creepy Roman celebrates his 2000th birthday this year? Which author turns 200? Which action star hits 50? Answers after the jump. The Bush Twins are 30 Years Old November 25, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Gee, they were only 18 when their dad was elected president. Now the Bush Twins have turned 30. Tempus fugits itself once again. November 9, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel The smiling, singing ‘Mary’ of Peter, Paul and Mary was born 75 years ago on this day. October 31, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Peter Jackson is hugging stuffed dogs, directing The Hobbit, and turning 50. Hard Hats and Hisahito: This Week in Biographies September 5, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel It’s not clear who to thank for Labor Day, but we give it a shot. Also: a Japanese prince turns 5, a Pretenders princess turns 60, and it’s quite clear who’s responsible for the only presidential baby ever born in the White House.Read it all >> How Many Other Presidents Turned 50 in Office? August 4, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Barack Obama turns 50 years old on this very day. Question: How many other U.S. presidents have turned 50 while in office? Take a guess, and we’ll give you the answer after this roll call. Barack Obama: A Birthday Timeline August 4, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Ever think to yourself as a kid, “Gee, I wonder where I’ll be when I’m 50?”If you’re Barack Obama, the answer to that question turned out to be: “In the White House, at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, as the duly-elected President of the United States.” Peter O’Toole Still Hasn’t Hit 80 August 2, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Distinguished actor Peter O’Toole turns 79 years old today. He was born in 1932, which practically seems like yesterday. Beatrix Potter Sesquicentennial -5 July 28, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Happy 145th birthday, Beatrix Potter. Love you, babe!You were born the same year as Butch Cassidy and H.G. Wells. Koko’s Winning Gorilla Haiku July 5, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Yesterday we mentioned the haiku contest being held to celebrate the 40th birthday of Koko, the sign-language gorilla.The Gorilla Foundation has now announced the winning haiku:Get your stinking pawsOff me, you damned dirty ape July 1, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Amazing: Princess Diana would be turning just 50 today. June 2, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel It happens today! May 27, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Hubert H. Humphrey was born 100 years ago today. Bob Dylan Turns 70: Three Photos May 24, 2011 | By Fritz Holznagel Bob Dylan turns 70 today. Is it wrong to say that he seems older than that?Here’s how he looked in the acoustic 1960s…… electrified on his 1978 “Street Legal” w",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505157
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is particularly common to King Charles II of England and the state of Connecticut's Royal Charter?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Connecticut Charter of 1662 - Connecticut History Constitution Prior to being the first of the original thirteen colonies to pen a constitution, Connecticut was granted a very generous charter by King Charles II of England, which it very bravely preserved when Charles' brother, James, ascended the throne and tried to have this wonderful piece of Connecticut history revoked. The way it was protected demonstrates pure Yankee ingenuity. After this remarkable document came The Fundamental Orders of 1638-1639, a first attempt at a constitution that defined citizen rights. If you look at the flip side of the new Connecticut quarter you'll find the outline of the \"Charter Oak\" tree. Estimated at over 500 years of age, the tree was a huge white oak. The paper with which it was involved was a Royal Charter granted to Connecticut by England's King Charles II† in 1662. It defined the state's borders and bestowed ownership of the land as well as giving certain rights to the people of Connecticut. Over the next twenty-five years after it was granted, the British colonies became very attractive to British aristocracy, so much so that in 1687, King James II ordered his representatives to seize the Connecticut Charter. In characteristic defiance, the people of Connecticut refused to surrender it, so the British threatened to claim the land and divide it. Some would go to New York and the remainder to Massachusetts. On October 26, 1687, Sir Edmund Andros, the crown's appointed governor of New England, traveled to Butler's Tavern in Hartford (now Connecticut's capital) and demanded the Charter be surrendered to him at once. Had the people living in Connecticut given it up, their rights would have been revoked, and Connecticut history would have ended there. Considerable debate ensued that night, and during a rowdy argument, the candles lighting the room were suddenly and quite mysteriously extinguished. Captain Joseph Wadsworth, a man fiercely protective of the Charter, was waiting outside. In the midst of the confusion inside the tavern, the Charter was slipped out the door to him. Wadsworth quickly made his way to the Wylls estate in Hartford, where he found an oak tree. An opening in its trunk became the ideal hiding place for the document. The majestic tree, better known as th \"Charter Oak Tree, helping in part to preserve the rights of the state's citizens, stood proudly in Hartford until August 21, 1856, when high winds toppled it. It has become as representative of Connecticut history as has the first Constitution to be drafted in this country. It is presented below in its original wording, which is at times difficult to comprehend. Editing it to adhere to modern-day speech, however, would be to deprive the reader of its originality and to provide a glimpse into just how far the \"King's English\" has evolved. THE CHARTER FOR THE CONNECTICUT COLONY 1662 GRANTED BY KING CHARLES II *The original Charter of the Colony of Connecticut, 1662, is on permanent exhibition at the Museum of Connecticut History, 231 Capitol Ave., Hartford. Note: What's below is the exact wording, punctuation and misspellings of the original document. CHARLES THE SECOND, BY THE GRACE OF GOD, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of the Faith; To all to whome theis presents shall come Greetinge: WHEREAS, by the severall Navigacons, discoveryes and susccessfull Plantacons of diverse of our loving Subjects of this our Realme of England, Severall Lands, Islands, Places, Colonies and Plantacons have byn obtayned and setled in that parte of the Continent of America called New England, and thereby the Trade and Comerce there hath byn of late yeares much increased, AND WHEREAS, wee have byn informed by the humble Peticon of our Trusty and welbeloved John Winthrop, John Mason, Samuell Willis, Henry Clerke, Mathew Allen, John Tappen, Nathan Gold, Richard Treate, Richard Lord, Henry Woolicott",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505158
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which 2011 French romantic comedy-drama became the most awarded film in French film history?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Sexual or Erotic Films See also this site's multi-part, illustrated History of Sex in Cinema , 50 Sexiest Films of All-Time , and Sexy Hollywood Bombshells Since the abandonment of the Hays Code in the late 60s, and the fairly recent establishment of various rating systems, sexual or erotic films with even small amounts of nudity have become more abundant. They often include frank adult content, violence and explicit language, or just suggestions of eroticism or sensuality. Teen sex comedies, erotic dramas or thrillers, sexploitation films, and other films dealing with sexual content are included in this wide-ranging category. The Earliest Films: Shortly after the Lumieres conducted the first public screening of a film (in December 1895), pioneering French film-maker Georges Melies directed the very short B/W 'adult' film Après Le Bal (1897, Fr.) (After the Ball, Bath) with one of the earliest nude scenes in film history. Reportedly around the same time, \"blue movie\" pornographer Eugene Pirou pioneered the risque film (called \"smoking concert\" or stag party films) when he produced the slightly erotic Le Coucher de la Marie (1896, Fr.) (aka Bedtime for the Bride) in which Louise Willy performed the first strip tease onscreen during a bathing scene -- the short pornographic film (of which only a few minutes exist) was directed by Léar (real name Albert Kirchner). Another similar film was Fatima’s Coochie-Coochie Dance (1896) a short nickelodeon kinetoscope/film of a gyrating belly dancer named Fatima (well-known for her dancing shows at the Columbia World's Exhibition in 1893). It became the first film in which a scene was censored - for her gyrating and moving pelvis - it was covered up by what appeared to be a white picket fence (a grid-like pattern of white lines). The very first kiss on film was between a Victorian couple seen in the Edison kinetoscope The May Irwin Kiss (1896) (aka The Kiss, or The Irwin-Rice Kiss in a filmed scene from the stage play The Widow Jones). This titillating short 20-second film, with a close-up of a kiss, was denounced as shocking and pornographic to early moviegoers and caused the Roman Catholic Church to call for censorship. And Eadweard Muybridge's primitive motion studies (from 1884-1887) included test footage with cinematic glimpses of naked men and women. Lois Weber's and Paramount's 4-reel silent film Hypocrites (1914) featured full female nudity in the guise of an unclad lady (Margaret Edwards) - 'the Naked Truth' - who occasionally appeared as a transitional plot element between scenes. Audrey Munson (a real-life model) first appeared artistically nude in George Foster Platt's controversial Inspiration (1915) from the Mutual Film Corporation, as a sculptor's model. It was the first known film in which a leading actress stripped down to be naked, making her the first nude film star. Munson also appeared nude in another silent film, Rea Burger's 7-reel Purity (1916), in a dual role as a spirit figure and as an artist's nude model named Purity/Virtue. Theda Bara: The Vamp and First Sex Symbol Sex was portrayed in the earliest films as something exotic and foreign. The original vamp and first movie sex goddess, the full-bosomed Theda Bara, starred in a number of early silents for the Fox Film Corporation - her first lurid, slinky vamp appearance (and first lead role) was in Fox's melodramatic A Fool There Was (1915), in which she portrayed a worldly, predatory woman who stole a married man away from his wife and child. Her most famous line in this film was: \"Kiss me, my Fool!\" She became known as \"the wickedest w",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505159
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Of which country does Brigitte Nyborg become the first female Prime Minster in the drama Borgen shown on BBC4?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Borgen TV series: Sex scandals, scheming politicians, a voluptuous PM and a pouting blonde | Daily Mail Online comments The first episode opens with a quote from Machiavelli’s The Prince – a clear signal of the scheming and skulduggery that lie ahead. There are scandals over expenses, teams of whispering spin doctors, a politician catapulted into the limelight by a successful televised debate and a country left in limbo as, behind closed doors, a coalition government is formed. But this is not about David Cameron or Nick Clegg. It is the new Danish TV drama Borgen, and it has become an instant water-cooler hit, the talk of homes and offices across the land. Sidse Babett Knudsen said her portrayal of a prime minister in Danish TV drama Borgen was inspired by Tony Blair Borgen comes from the same Danish team that created the phenomenally successful detective drama The Killing. As with that series, Borgen made its British debut on BBC4, has a huge following on the Corporation’s internet television service iPlayer, and will undoubtedly make a move to BBC2 before the end of the year. RELATED ARTICLES Share this article Share Both shows share the same high production values and feature pithy scripts, strong female characters and chisel-jawed men. Relationships between the sexes are fascinating, with a different dynamic to that seen in many British crime dramas. Birgitte Hjort Sorensen plays the nemesis of Prime Minister Nyborg (Knudsen) For example, where Helen Mirren’s DCI Jane Tennyson in Prime Suspect is a lone woman battling prejudice in a man’s world, Borgen has more female characters at the top of the tree. And whether they work in TV or politics, they are not prepared to sacrifice glamour for the sake of ambition. Take the main character Birgitte Nyborg, played by Sidse Babett Knudsen, who is leader of the fictional Moderate Party and becomes the country’s first female prime minister. Driven and opportunistic, she is also human and self-deprecating. She enjoys wine and cheerfully admits to battling with her weight as she struggles to cram her voluptuous frame into a power suit. Though conscious of her appearance, she is certainly not neurotic about her body, and enjoys flaunting it – at least if her frequently fruity exchanges with her husband are anything to go by. Another key appeal of Borgen – especially for British audiences – lies in its tightly drawn depiction of coalition politics, of the instability and intrigue, and the reality of life under such a government. Politicians and spin doctors here might well be watching with horror and fascination as fragile alliances and deals fall by the wayside. Borgen means castle in Danish and is the nickname Danes use for their main parliament building. The show first aired in Denmark in September 2010, a year before the country did, in fact, elect its first female prime minister, Helle Thorning-Schmidt. She is married to Neil Kinnock’s son, Stephen. Women make up nearly 40 per cent of the Danish parliament, compared with 20 per cent in the House of Commons but Knudsen, 43, a mother of one in real life, found her role model in Britain. She said: ‘I was actually inspired by a documentary I saw about Tony Blair. When he got together with George Bush and started to appear on a world stage, he became somehow a lot tighter. It was like he changed, physically. Over the coming series, I think you will see that in Nyborg. She becomes tighter as a politician.’ The fictional Nyborg soon struck a chord with real voters. Knudsen said: ‘I get stopped in the street all the time now. People recognise me and speak to me as if I’m Prime Minister Nyborg, saying, “Oh, you were pretty mean on Saturday.” ’ There is still much debate as to why so many Britons are following Borgen and The Killing, which are both subtitled and set in a country where it always seems to rain. Some put it down to the slick cinematic production, others are transfixed by the ‘sing-song’ Danish accent. Knudsen, however, believes it is because the series resemble British shows. Knudsen as Birgitte Nyborg Christensen in th",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505160
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which constellation, that lies between Cancer and Virgo, contains the stars called Regulus, Denebola, Regulus, Wolf 359, Gliese 436, and Algieba?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Leo (constellation) Leo (constellation) Visible at latitudes between +90° and −65° Best visible at 21:00 (9 p.m.) during the month of April Leo ( IPA: /ˈliəʊ/, Latin: lion , symbol , Unicode ♌) is a constellation of the zodiac. Leo lies between dim Cancer to the west and Virgo to the east. Notable features This constellation contains many bright stars, such as Regulus (α Leonis), the lion's heart; Denebola (β Leonis); and γ1 Leonis (Algieba). Many other fainter stars have been named as well, such as δ Leo (Zosma), θ Leo (Chort), κ Leo (Al Minliar al Asad ), λ Leo (Alterf), and ( ο Leo (Subra). Regulus, η Leonis, and γ Leonis, together with the fainter stars ζ Leo (Adhafera), μ Leo (Ras Elased Borealis), and ε Leo (Ras Elased Australis), make up the asterism known as the Sickle. These stars represent the head and the mane of the lion. A former asterism representing the tuft of the lion's tail was made its own constellation by Ptolemy III in 240 BC. It was given the name Coma Berenices. The star Wolf 359, one of the nearest stars to Earth (7.7 light-years), is in Leo. Gliese 436, a faint star in Leo about 33 light years away from the Sun, is orbited by one of the smallest extrasolar planets ever found. The carbon star CW Leo ( IRC +10216) is the brightest star in the night sky at the infrared N-band (10 μm wavelength). Notable deep sky objects Leo contains many bright galaxies , of which the twins ( Spiral Galaxy M65, Spiral Galaxy M66) and ( Spiral Galaxy M95, Spiral Galaxy M96) are the most famous. History Etymology Early Hindu astronomers knew it as Asleha and as Sinha, the Tamil Simham but later, influenced by Greece and Rome, as Leya or Leyaya, from the word Leo, as the Romans commonly called it. Ovid wrote it as Herculeus Leo and Violentus Leo. Bacchi Sidus (Star of Bacchus) was another of its titles, the god always being identified with this animal, and its shape the one often adopted by him in his numerous transformations, while a lion's skin was his frequent dress. But Manilius had it Jovis et Junonis Sidus (Star of Jove and Juno), as being under the guardianship of these deities, perhaps appropriately considering its regal character, especially that of its lucida. The Persians called it Ser or Shir; the Turks, Artan; the Syrians, Aryo; the Jews, Arye; the Indians, \"Sher\"; and the Babylonians, Aru — all meaning a lion. In Euphratean astronomy it was additionally known as Gisbar-namru-sa-pan, variously translated, but by Bertin, as the Shining Disc which precedes Bel, \"Bel\" being our Ursa Major, or in some way intimately connected therewith. Symbol Hevelius' drawing of Leo, 1690 The adoption of this animal's form for the zodiac sign has been attributed to the fact that when the Sun was among its stars in midsummer the lions of the desert left their accustomed haunts for the banks of the Nile , where they could find relief from the heat in the waters of the inundation. Pliny wrote that the Egyptians worshipped the stars of Leo because the rise of their great river was coincident with the Sun's entrance among them. For the same reason the Sphinx is said to have been sculpted with Leo's body and the head of the adjacent Virgo, although Egyptologists maintain that this head represented one of the early kings, or the god Harmachis. Distinct reference is made to Leo in an inscription of the walls of the Ramesseum at Thebes, which, like the Nile temples generally, was adorned with the animal's bristles, while on the planisphere of Dendera its figure is shown standing on an outstretched serpent. The Egyptian stellar Lion, however, comprised only a part of ours, and in the earliest records some of its stars were shown as a knife, as they now are as a sickle. Kircher gave its title there as Πιμεντεκεων, Cubitus Nili. The astrological symbol has been supposed to portray the animal's mane, but it also might be the animal's tail. Gaius Julius Hyginus's writing published in 1488 and Albumasar's in 1489 showing this latter member of extraordinary length, twisting between the hind legs and over the back, Hyginus's manuscript prope",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505161
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; By what common name is Calcium Carbonate known?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What is the common name for calcium carbonate? | Reference.com What is the common name for calcium carbonate? A: Quick Answer Calcium carbonate is an element found around the world. Because of this, there are six common names for the element: calcite, chalk, eggshells, limestone, marble and Tums. Full Answer Calcium carbonate can be found in rocks, snails, pearls, and more. Most of it is mined from quarries, and pure sources of calcium carbonate can be extracted and used for foods and pharmaceuticals. It can also be created from calcium oxide. When water is added to calcium oxide, it produces calcium hydroxide. Passing carbon dioxide through calcium hydroxide produces calcium carbonate by means of precipitation, earning it the industry name of precipitated calcium carbonate, or PCC.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505162
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What simple term, alternatively called Anglo-Saxon, refers to the English language which was used from the 5th century Germanic invasions, until (loosely) its fusion with Norman-French around 12-13th centuries?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Language Descriptions - International Translating Company Language Descriptions Kevin Reyes 2016-11-03T04:06:10+00:00 Language Descriptions Spoken Natively in: Abkhazia and Abkhaz diaspora Official Language in: Republic of Abkhazia ; Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia Description Abkhaz /æpˈhɑːz/ (sometimes spelled Abxaz; Аԥсуа бызшәа) is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mostly by the Abkhaz people. It is the official language of Abkhazia where around 100,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia’s autonomous republic of Adjara,Syria, Jordan and several Western countries. The Russian census of 2010 reported 6,786 speakers of Abkhaz in Russia. Native Speakers: 3.5 million (2000 census) Spoken Natively in: Indonesia Official Language in: Description: Acehnese language (Achinese) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by Acehnese people natively in Aceh,Sumatra, Indonesia. This language is also spoken in some parts in Malaysia by Acehnese descendents there, such as in Yan, Kedah. As of 1988, “Acehnese” is the modern English name spelling and the bibliographical standard, and Acehnese peopleuse the spelling “Acehnese” when writing in English. “Achinese” is an antiquated spelling of the English language tradition. “Atjehnese” is the Dutch-language spelling and an outdated Indonesian one. The spelling “Achehnese” originates from a 1906 English translation of the Dutch language Studien over atjesche klank- en schriftleer. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 35.346-442 by Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, 1892. In Acehnese the language is called Basa/Bahsa Acèh. In Indonesian it is called Bahasa Aceh. Acehnese belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of Austronesian. Acehnese’s closest relatives are the other Chamic languages, which are principally spoken inVietnam. The closest relative of the Chamic family is the Malay language family, which includes languages also spoken in Sumatra such as Gayo, the Batak languages and Minangkabau as well as the national language, Indonesian. Paul Sidwell notes that Acehnese likely has an Austroasiatic substratum Native Speakers: 1.2 million (2002 census) Spoken Natively in: Uganda, South Sudan Official Language in: Ethiopia Description Acholi (also Acoli, Akoli, Acooli, Atscholi, Shuli, Gang, Lwoo, Lwo, Lok Acoli, Dok Acoli) is a Southern Luo dialect spoken by the Acholi people in the districts of Gulu, Kitgum and Pader (a region known as Acholiland) in northernUganda. It is also spoken in the southern part of the Opari District of South Sudan. Song of Lawino, well known in African literature, was written in Acholi by Okot p’Bitek, although its sequel, Song of Ocol, was written in English. Acholi, Alur, and Lango have between 84 and 90 per cent of their vocabulary in common and are mutually intelligible. However, they are often counted as separate languages because their speakers are ethnically distinct. Labwor (Thur), once considered a dialect of Acholi, may not be intelligible with it. Spoken Natively in: South Africa, Namibia Official Language in: South Africa Description Afrikaans is a West Germanic language, spoken natively in South Africa, Namibia and to a lesser extent in Botswana and Zimbabwe. It originates from 17th century Dutch dialects spoken by the mainly-Dutch settlers of what is now South Africa, where it began to develop independently. Hence, historically, it is a daughter language of Dutch, and was previously referred to as “Cape Dutch” (a term also used to refer collectively to the early Cape settlers) or ‘kitchen Dutch’ (a crude or derogatory term Afrikaans was called in its earlier days). Although Afrikaans adopted words from languages such as Malay, Portuguese, the Bantu languages, and the Khoisan languages, an estimated 90 to 95 percent of Afrikaans vocabulary is ultimately of Dutch origin. Therefore, differences with Dutch often lie in a more regular morphology, grammar, and spelling of Afrikaans. There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505163
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; 'Copa Airlines' is the national airline of which Central American country?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "History and growth of Copa Airlines | Copa Airlines History and growth of Copa Airlines {{'flightbooking.departureDate'| t}} {{ departureDate | date:'mediumDate' }} - {{'flightbooking.returnDate'| t}} {{ returnDate | date:'mediumDate' }} {{'error.required'| t}} {{adultsF}} {{\"flightbooking.adults.mobile\"| t}}, {{childrensF}} {{'flightbooking.children.mobile'| t}}, {{infatsF}} {{'flightbooking.infants.mobile'| t}}, {{'flightbooking.economy'| t}} {{'flightbooking.business'| t}} {{roomsF}} {{'hotelbooking.rooms'| t}} , {{adultsF}} {{\"hotelbooking.adults\"| t }} , {{childrensF}} {{\"hotelbooking.kids\"| t }} {{'flightbooking.search'| t}} {{'carbooking.pickup' | translate}} {{pickUp| date:'mediumDate'}} {{hourPickUp}} - {{'carbooking.giveback' | translate}} {{returnMobile| date:'mediumDate'}} {{returnHour}} {{'error.required'| translate}} {{adultsF}} {{\"insurancequote.adultskids\"| t }} , {{seniorsF}} {{\"insurancequote.seniors\"| t }} {{'insurancequote.validation.notenoughtpassengers'| translate}} This field must be no more than 10 characters. {{'error.required' | t}} {{'error.validReservation' | t}} This field must be no more than 20 characters. {{'error.alphanumeric' | t}} {{'error.required' | t}} {{'error.noSpaces' | t}} {{'webcheckin.reservationCodeOrNumber'| t}} {{'error.required' | t}} {{'error.noSpaces' | t}} {{'error.pattern' | t}} {{'error.validReservation' | t}} {{'error.required' | t}} This field must be no more than 12 characters. {{'error.pattern' | t}} {{item.listText}} {{'error.alphanumeric' | t}} {{'error.required' | t}} {{'error.noSpaces' | t}} {{'error.required' | t}} {{'error.noSpaces' | t}} {{'error.validReservation' | t}} {{'reservation.continue' | t}} {{'error.required' | t}} {{'error.alphanumeric' | t}} {{'error.noSpaces' | t}} This field must be no more than {{flightNumberMaxlength}} characters. {{\"global.date\" | translate }} {{'portal.normal.title' | translate}} Our history Copa Airlines was founded in 1947 as the national airline of Panama. It began operations with flights to three cities in Panama on Douglas DC-3/C47 planes. By 1966, the airline boasted three weekly flights to San Jose, Costa Rica, which was its first international destination. In 1969, the first AVRO 748 was introduced for flights to Kingston in Jamaica, Managua in Nicaragua and Barranquilla in Colombia. In the 70s Medellin, Cartagena, San Salvador and Guatemala became part of the expanding network of destinations. 1980 In 1980, the airline withdrew from the domestic market to focus on its international reach. This year a Boeing 737-100 was added to the fleet. During this decade, the airline expanded its network of destinations to include Port-au-Prince in Haiti, Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, San Juan in Puerto Rico and Miami in the U.S 1992 In 1992, it began operating from the first Panamanian headquarters for flights connecting within Latin America, creating the Hub of the Americas in the Tocumen International Airport. Flights were added to Caracas in Venezuela, Mexico City, Santiago in Chile, Cali and Bogota in Colombia, Quito and Guayaquil in Ecuador, Lima in Peru, Buenos Aires in Argentina and Havana in Cuba. 1998 In 1998, a strategic alliance was formed with Continental Airlines. In 1999, the airline launched its new brand as Copa Airlines and adopted the OnePass® frequent flyer program. At the same time, it began to upgrade its fleet with Boeing 737 Next Generation planes. 2000 The strategy from 2000 onward was to focus on expansion within the region. For the year 2005, the airline incorporated flights to Cancun in Mexico, Sao Paulo in Brazil, San Andres in Colombia, Tegucigalpa in Honduras, and Orlando, Los Angeles and New York in the United States. 2005 In 2005, Copa Airlines, a subsidiary of Copa Holdings S.A., began trading on the New York Stock Exchange, becoming the third Latin American airline to be listed on this important exchange. 2006 In 2006, it added the destinations: Cordoba in Argentina, Guadalajara in Mexico, Washington, D.C., in the United States, and Punta Cana in the Dominican Re",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505164
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who is the current mayor of Seattle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Seattle Elects Gay Mayor Ed Murray | Advocate.com Seattle Elects Gay Mayor Ed Murray State senator Ed Murray, Seattle's new mayor-elect, was instrumental in establishing marriage equality in Washington State. By Michelle Garcia November 06 2013 2:18 PM EST Seattle elected the city's first openly gay mayor when state senator Ed Murray defeated current Mayor Mike McGinn with 56% of the vote Tuesday night. McGinn, who earned 43% of the vote, said he expected to concede once all the votes came in (in Washington voting is done completely by mail, just like in neighboring Oregon). The two ran campaigns targeted toward Seattle's left-leaning politics, including support for a $15 minimum wage, new taxes, and making marijuana use legal, according to the Associated Press. Murray was instrumental in bringing marriage equality to Washington in 2012 as a state senator. According to the Seattle Times , Murray's campaign embraced and even touted his marriage equality efforts as his signature legislative accomplishment. When addressing supporters Tuesday night, Murray, 58, was joined onstage by his husband, Michael Shiosaki. The two wed over the summer.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505165
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The Holy Roman Empress Matilda was the daughter of which English king?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "BBC - History - Historic Figures: Matilda (1102 - 1167) Historic Figures z Artist's impression of Matilda © Matilda was heir to the English king, Henry I, but was usurped by Stephen resulting in civil war. Matilda was born in 1102, the daughter of Henry I, King of England. In 1114, she married the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. The death of Matilda's brother in 1120 made her Henry I's sole legitimate heir. When her husband died in 1125, Henry recalled her to England and, in 1127, he insisted that the nobles accept her as his successor. In 1128, she married Geoffrey of Anjou with whom she had three sons. A woman ruler was unprecedented and her marriage to Geoffrey was unpopular. When Henry I died in 1135 Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois immediately had himself crowned king. Though the church and most nobles supported Stephen, Matilda's claims were upheld by her half-brother Robert of Gloucester and her uncle, David I of Scotland. Matilda and Robert landed at Arundel in September 1139 and England descended into civil war. The war was used as a cover for the settling of local feuds, leaving much of the country in anarchy. Stephen was captured at Lincoln in February 1141 and Matilda now controlled the country. However, her perceived arrogance alienated many of her supporters and she was never crowned. Stephen was released in exchange for Robert of Gloucester. Civil war continued but in 1147, Matilda's greatest supporter, Robert of Gloucester, died. Disheartened, she retired to France the following year. She never returned. The struggle was taken up by Matilda's son, Henry, but he did not have the resources to defeat Stephen, and returned to Normandy himself. In 1153, Stephen's son, Eustace died and in the Treaty of Wallingford, Stephen agreed that Henry should succeed him. He became Henry II in 1154. Matilda spent the remainder of her life in Normandy, dying at Rouen in September 1167.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505166
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Late US film and television actor David Harold Meyer was better known by what name?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "David Janssen - Celebrity information David Janssen DAVID JANSSEN Biography: David Janssen David Harold Meyer (March 27, 1931 - February 13, 1980), better known as David Janssen, was an American film and television actor who is best-known for his role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive (ABC,1963-1967). He also starred in the TV series Richard Diamond, Private Detective, O'Hara, U.S. Treasury, and Harry O, and in a number of films including John Wayne's The Green Berets. A smoker and a heavy drinker, plus a constant worker, Janssen died of a sudden heart attack at the age of 48 in Malibu, California. (See Lifestyle diseases.) He was interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. Achievements:",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505167
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Famous composer, Handel, originally studied what?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "George Frideric Handel - Composer - Biography.com George Frideric Handel George Frideric Handel composed operas, oratorios and instrumentals. His 1741 work, 'Messiah,' is among the most famous oratorios in history. IN THESE GROUPS Composer Synopsis Baroque composer George Frideric Handel was born in Halle, Germany, in 1685. In 1705 he made his debut as an opera composer with Almira. He produced several operas with the Royal Academy of Music in England before forming the New Royal Academy of Music in 1727. When Italian operas fell out of fashion, he started composing oratorios, including his most famous, Messiah. Handel died in London, England, in 1759. Early Life Georg Frideric Handel was born on February 23, 1685, to Georg and Dorothea Handel of Halle, Saxony, Germany. From an early age, Handel longed to study music, but his father objected, doubting that music would be a realistic source of income. In fact, his father would not even permit him to own a musical instrument. His mother, however, was supportive, and she encouraged him to develop his musical talent. With her cooperation, Handel took to practicing on the sly. When Handel was still a young boy, he had the opportunity to play the organ for the duke’s court in Weissenfels. It was there that Handel met composer and organist Frideric Wilhelm Zachow. Zachow was impressed with Handel’s potential and invited Handel to become his pupil. Under Zachow's tutelage, Handel mastered composing for the organ, the oboe and the violin alike by the time he was 10 years old. From the age of 11 to the time he was 16 or 17, Handel composed church cantatas and chamber music that, being written for a small audience, failed to garner much attention and have since been lost to time. Despite his dedication to his music, at his father’s insistence, Handel initially agreed to study law at the University of Halle. Not surprisingly, he did not remain enrolled for long. His passion for music would not be suppressed. In 1703, when Handel was 18 years old, he decided to commit himself completely to music, accepting a violinist’s position at the Hamburg Opera’s Goose Market Theater. During this time, he supplemented his income by teaching private music lessons in his free time, passing on what he had learned from Zachow. Opera Though working as a violinist, it was Handel's skill on the organ and harpsichord that began to earn him attention and landed him more opportunities to perform in operas. Handel also began to compose operas, making his debut in early 1705 with Almira. The opera was instantly successful and achieved a 20-performance run. After composing several more popular operas, in 1706 Handel decided to try his luck in Italy. While in there, Handel composed the operas Rodrigo and Agrippina, which were produced in 1707 and 1709 respectively. He also managed to write more than a few dramatic chamber works during this period. Touring the major Italian cities over three opera seasons, Handel introduced himself to most of Italy’s major musicians. Unexpectedly, while in Venice, he met multiple people who expressed an interest in London’s music scene. Enticed to experiment with a freelance music career there, in 1710 Handel left Venice and set out for London. In London, Handel met with the manager of the King’s Theatre, who commissioned Handel to write an opera. Within just two weeks, Handel composed Rinaldo. Released during the 1710–11 London opera season, Rinaldo was Handel’s breakthrough. His most critically acclaimed work up to that date, it gained him the widespread recognition that he would maintain throughout the rest of his musical career. After the debut of Rinaldo, Handel spent the next few years writing and performing for English royalty, including Queen Anne and King George I . Then, in 1719, Handel was invited to become the Master of the Orchestra at the Royal Academy of Music, the first Italian opera company in London. Handel eagerly accepted. He produced several operas with the Royal Academy of Music that, while well liked, were not especially lucrative for the struggling acad",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505168
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In anatomy, what is the flap of elastic cartilage that prevents food from going down the wrong tube?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What keeps food from going down your windpipe? | Reference.com What keeps food from going down your windpipe? A: Quick Answer When you swallow, a piece of cartilage called the epiglottis closes off the trachea, or windpipe, to prevent food from obstructing your airway, according to About.com. The epiglottis flap normally rests in a slightly upright position above the larynx, or voice box. The epiglottis temporarily folds over the larynx opening as food or beverages enter the throat, protecting the trachea and lungs, MedlinePlus states. Full Answer Food or small objects can accidentally enter the windpipe, especially if a person laughs or inhales while eating, according to HowStuffWorks. In most cases, food completely bypasses the respiratory system and continues down the digestive tract by entering the esophagus. A blocked airway may interfere with healthy breathing, causing symptoms ranging from wheezing and choking to loss of consciousness and permanent brain damage, says MedlinePlus. Parents are discouraged from giving babies and toddlers small toy pieces or foods because these objects can become choking hazards. Physicians are often able to remove objects stuck in the trachea using medical instruments, but in urgent situations, they may need to insert a breathing tube or perform a tracheostomy by making a surgical incision in the neck. The epiglottis is not invulnerable. Prior to the widespread use of influenza vaccines, many young children suffered from bacterial infections in this area, according to About.com. A condition known as epiglottitis can cause uncomfortable inflammation, making it difficult to breathe and preventing the body from circulating oxygen.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505169
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Duncan Zowie Jones, director of sci-fi films 'Moon' and 'Source Code', is the son of which musician?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "David Bowie's son Duncan Jones: 'I've never needed to use my father's name' | Daily Mail Online He is a blockbuster movie director in his own right – which is why he’s never given a full account about growing up with his father. Until now... 'In many ways it was an incredible childhood. We travelled all over the world,' said Duncan Jones When Bafta-winning film director Duncan Jones was a little boy, his dad tried, tried and tried again to get him excited about music. His father is David Bowie, so Jones’s musical genes must be first-rate. ‘He really, really wanted me to learn an instrument,’ says Bowie’s son. ‘He tried to get me to learn the drums but I didn’t want to. The saxophone? No. Piano? No. Guitar – no thanks! Bless him. He kept on trying and nothing was happening. Nothing would take. I don’t know if subconsciously there was some reaction going on; if there was something in me that didn’t want to learn an instrument – because I couldn’t have been that incompetent! He’d say, “You have to practise…” and I was like, “But I don’t want to practise…” It didn’t interest me so it wasn’t going to happen.’ Stubborn resistance to his legendary father’s vocation didn’t stop there. Aged 11, Duncan Zowie Haywood Jones (Bowie’s real surname) changed his name to his nickname ‘Joe’ before, aged 18, settling on his resolutely ordinary first name, Duncan. It doesn’t require a therapist to observe that Jones has determinedly avoided trading on his heritage. ‘I’ve certainly never used my father’s name as a way of getting a meeting,’ says Jones. ‘And fortunately, I’ve never needed to…’ That said, Jones clearly adores his dad and throughout our interview he talks of him with genuine affection, sharing anecdotes of a unique childhood spent loitering in the wings of vast stadia, while his father defined the musical tastes of a generation. But Jones is not, and never wanted to be, Bowie Mark II. Music wasn’t his passion – film-making is. And it is testimony to Bowie that he nurtured and supported his son, helping him find his own creative path through life. 'Often I'd sit around being bored backstage at a concert': Duncan on life with dad David Bowie It paid off. At 40, Jones is the hottest director in Hollywood, thanks to two sci-fi films. The first is his award-winning debut, Moon, a tiny £3 million-budget, exquisitely shot, nightmarish tale of an astronaut on the last days of his mining mission. The Bafta Jones received for Moon provided the perfect calling card to major Hollywood studios, swiftly resulting in the critically acclaimed Source Code. Starring Jake Gyllenhaal, to date the £19m film has grossed more than £75m worldwide. At first glance, you wouldn’t mark Jones as a player. He slips through the reception area of the plush, discreet and trendy London hotel where we meet without attracting a second glance. His ensemble – brown stubble, dishevelled light blond hair, scruffy jeans, a T-shirt emblazoned with the iconic anti-hero Sid Vicious – shouts ‘geek’ rather than Hollywood power broker, and there isn’t any immediate physical similarity with his father. Indeed, there are times when I have to remind myself how easily Jones could have been a selfish, spoilt rock brat rather than the down-to-earth, affable man who settles back into his chair and politely orders a coffee. ‘Well, thank you. I think...’ he laughs when I compliment him on his seemingly well-adjusted outlook. ‘I don’t know why but for whatever reason that side of life – the celebrity and the spectacle – has never interested me. I love my work but I don’t like being in the spotlight. I was never going to be an actor, that’s for sure.’ Performing centre-stage to anthems like Diamond Dogs and Starman was always the proclivity of his father, while Jones prefers to observe: either behind the lens directing (today) or watching from the wings (back then). 'I love my work but I don't like being in the spotlight. I was never going to be an actor' ‘That’s where I feel completely at home,’ he says. ‘You know, it was work. Dad was working. And it was like any kid going to watch",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505170
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On Christmas Day 1914 during World War I, there was an unofficial truce between British and German troops at various places along the lines. In sub-zero temperatures in no-man's land near Armentieres, France, the soldiers played what game?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "271 December 2014/January 2015 Wriggle Valley Magazine by Wriggle Valley Magazine - issuu issuu No. 271 December 2014/January 2015 WHEELIE CLEAN recycling bin cleaning company Wheelie bins will always get dirty, these are a home for bacteria and germs. Worst still they are a very attractive proposition to rodents. s bin lie ee LY h W ON s ns biin ie b tlle ete Y h o L Y B W LN ONO s bin od Y Fo ONL .50 £1 Now every month you can have your wheelie bins cleaned and sanitised to keep germs and rodents at bay. sla n nt p r me Ythly o s n PayNL n o O6 m arly pla or ye ilable ans. ava ff cle o one £4 Please Contact Adam 07816151439 or email Hermitage Church in the snow Ray Dickerson CONTENTS Hilfield Church in the snow Editor’s musings… I have always thought of Christmas time, when it has come round, as a good time; a kind, forgiving, charitable time; the only time I know of, in the long calendar of the year, when men and women seem by one consent to open their shut-up hearts freely, and to think of people below them as if they really were fellow passengers to the grave, and not another race of creatures bound on other journeys. ~Charles Dickens Welcome to a bumper last edition of 2014 and of course a welcome to 2015 as well. You will notice some differences this month - more about that on p 51. As we are getting so many wonderful articles from our community, could I please request that they be no more than 250 words each so that we can the wide and enjoyable variety? Enjoy all the fun that the Wriggle Valley has to offer at this spiritual and festive time of year; I shall personally enjoy having my family back at home and of course all that singing! Don’t forget that this is a double month magazine, news and views for February in for 12 January 2015. May we wish you all a splendid Christmas and a Peaceful New Year. See you in the new year. Bella Neate-Clegg The Wriggle Magazine is FREE to you but readers are invited to make voluntary donations towards the cost of production. These should be forwarded to the Treasurer at Mallows House, Church Street, Yetminster, DT9 6LG. Cheques can be made payable to Wriggle Valley Magazine. Thank you for your continued support wrigglevalleymagazine.co.uk LEIGH VILLAGE HALL In the heart of the Wriggle Valley - 6 miles SW from Sherborne, Dorset * * * * * * * * Award winning facilities and beautiful grounds. The ideal venue for truly memorable celebrations. Main Hall seats up to 150 (100 at tables). Meeting Room for up to 30 (20 at tables). Modern five-star kitchen 72 off-road parking spaces plus large overflow area. Covered patio & two acres of landscaped grounds. A short walk from St Andrew's Church. Contact: 01963 210619 or paulandmorag@gmail.com 01963 210154 or duncancmoore@aol.com NICK CHEESMAN BUILDING CONTRACTOR A PROFESSIONAL FRIENDLY SERVICE ALTERATIONS RENOVATIONS EXTENSIONS CARPENTRY DECORATING KITCHENS BATHROOMS PATIOS ALL GENERAL BUILDING WORK CARRIED OUT 07734 258911 ncheesmanbuildingcontractors@hotmail.co.uk BRAND NEW TECHNOLOGY - GOOD OLD FASHIONED SERVICE ● Free consultations ● Free 5 year warranty 01305 262550 Ringhill St, Poundbury ● Free batteries for life ● Free aftercare for life info@abbeyhearing.co.uk HOME VISITS AVAILABLE To advertise please contact Gordon Ratcliffe email:gojan@btinternet.com VILLAGE NEWS Village Rep & Mag Distributor: Bridget Gordge bridgetgordge@hotmail.com News from the Villages J ust to remind everyone that as usual we shall be having our Children's Carol Service on 24 December at 3pm and Christmas Day Service at 10.15 am; we would love to see you all. I hope everyone has a lovely festive time and best wishes for the new year. Bridget Gordge Batcombe Church Lottery October 1st No 25 2nd No 10 3rd No 23 with Melbury Bubb & Stockwood Village Rep: Liz Tebbatt 873140 tebbat.towers@virgin.net Village Mag Distributor: John CHETNOLE..... Henry Straughan Jan Williams Derek Jones G et well soon to Ted Warr who has been poorly in hospital. Ted is a not only a firm favourite with everyone in the village but also a regular at the Chetnole Inn where they have be",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505171
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Marquis, are the rules that govern the sport of boxing, named after?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Marquis Of Queensberry Rules | Definition of Marquis Of Queensberry Rules by Merriam-Webster You've found a word that is only available in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary . To view the full definition of Marquis of Queensberry rules, activate your free trial today. Why access the complete Unabridged Dictionary? 300,000 words that aren’t in our free dictionary Expanded definitions, etymologies, and usage notes Advanced search features",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505172
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the highest mountain in Great Britain?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Britain and Ireland's top 10 mountain ranges, Great British Trips You are here > Home > Top 10 > Top 10 Mountains Britain and Ireland's top 10 Mountain Ranges When many people think of the geography of Great Britain, it's likely that they picture the gentle green rolling hills of the English Cotswolds or our mostly flat urban cities such as London. In actual fact, in between the busy towns and cities lie some pretty spectacular hills and a fair few mountainous regions too. We have put together our 10 top mountain regions in Britain and Ireland. 1. Cairngorms Scotland We’ve put the Cairngorms National Park in the number 1 spot as it’s Britain’s most massive and spectacular Mountain range. Boasting incredible native forests, dramatic crystal clean rivers and lochs, plenty of wild Scottish moorland, these beautiful mountains sit in the centre of Scotland and boast some of Britain’s best views. It is also the largest National Park in the UK incorporates many beautiful towns and villages. The local wildlife is extensive and the region plays host to 25% of Britain’s threatened species making it a great place to see wildlife that you’re unlikely to spot anywhere else. 2. Mourne Mountains Northern Ireland The Mourne Mountains are a granite range which form the highest peaks in Northern Ireland. The highest of these is Slieve Donard at 850m. The area has been designated an area of outstanding natural beauty and is very popular with hill walkers and nature lovers. The mountains were said to have inspired CS Lewis in the writing of the ‘Lion the Witch and the Wardrobe’ with much of Narnia based on this mysterious mountain range. The area was most recently used as the backdrop for critically acclaimed movie ‘Philomena’ starring Dame Judi Dench. 3. Black Mountains Wales Based on the Eastern side of the Brecon Beacons National Park, the Black Mountain’s take their name from unsurprisingly from the colour of the landscape in the region. Sitting on the border between Wales and Herefordshire in England, the mountains are often confused with the Black Mountain Range which sits on the Westerly side of the Brecon Beacons. To confuse things even more there is a mountain within the range called the Black Mountain! 4. MacGillycuddy's Reeks Ireland MacGillycuddy's Reeks means ‘the black stacks’ and sits in County Kerry, Ireland. The centre of Ireland is pretty much surrounded with mountain ranges but this range contains the highest peaks in Ireland. The highest mountain is Carrauntoohil which is 1038m high. The range is close to the very pretty Killarney National Park. 5. Grampian Mountains Scotland The Grampians occupy a fair proportion of Scotland as one of the 3 major mountain ranges in the country. It is in the region traditionally called the Scottish ‘highlands’ and home to Britain’s 2 highest peaks in that of Ben Nevis and Ben Macdui. Widely regarded as Britain’s most spectacular view, Glen Coe sits within the range close to Ben Nevis and the town of Fort William. The Jacobite Steam Railway is an incredible way to see the range as the ‘Hogwarts Express’ powers along the now famous viaduct with the Grampians forming a majestic backdrop to a magical and unforgettable journey. 6. Berwyn Range Wales Sitting just east of the Snowdonia National Park, this Welsh range of mountain’s is largely forgotten and overlooked as the peaks sit slightly lower than its famous neighbour. The bonus is that this region of mountains and uplands is wholly unspoilt and perfect for anyone looking to get away from the tourists and walkers who flock to Snowdonia. The mountains top 800m so it’s still a good climb and decent walk for lovers of solitude and beautiful scenery. 7. Snowdonia Wales Snowdonia National Park sits in north Wales and is probably the most popular region of the country to visit. Mount Snowdon is a challenging climb for competent walkers but a unique railway will take you to the summit if you want the views without the exertion. The Snowdonia region can’t boast the dizzy heights of the Grampian Mountains bu",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505173
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On a ship, what is the opposite of the stern?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stern Synonyms, Stern Antonyms | Thesaurus.com Quickly the light died out of his face, leaving it stern and austere. And Clif was seated in the stern, heading for the big merchantman. Proud of her resourcefulness she looked askance at Sofya's serious, stern face. An instant after Clif clambered over the stern into the boat. He beckoned to Mr. Weller and said, in a stern voice, \"Take his skates off!\" Buck kept on sounding, and reported four fathoms at the stern of the wreck. \"I don't know nothin' about it,\" pleaded the old man, as he looked over his spectacles at the stern parent. The Islander came up alongside of her, and was secured to the bow and stern. From its place above the sofa the stern countenance of Gottfried Nothafft looked down upon the son. Then, he swung to the merchant, fixing him with a stern glare.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505174
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; How many squares are traditionally on a Snakes and Ladders board?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Timelessness of Snakes and Ladders – re:form – Medium The Timelessness of Snakes and Ladders How a common children’s game has survived for centuries as a moral teaching tool Chances are you’ve played Snakes and Ladders. Rebranded in 1943 by Milton Bradley as Chutes and Ladders, most of us have sat with a version of it at some point in our young lives, but its origins involve much more than just child’s play. The game is a potent teaching tool whose simple design has been used for centuries, arguably even millennia, as a way to embody and reinforce religious teachings and cultural values. Along the way it’s evolved and adapted to incorporate the themes and aesthetics relevant to each culture that played it, from ancient India to Victorian England, to the US and far beyond. Chutes and Ladders Boardgame. Flickr / Ben Husmann Surviving game boards suggest Snakes and Ladders emerged somewhere in Northern India or Nepal. In its earliest identifiable form it was called Gyan Chauper , though other versions have gone by names like Leela, Moksha Patamu, and Paramapada Sopanapata. These titles translate roughly to terms like Game of Self-Knowledge , Ladder to Salvation, or Steps to the Highest Place, showing the weight of the content it was meant to convey. Over centuries the game traveled and evolved, its basic design serving as a durable chassis for any culture that took it up, containing and transmitting their moral and spiritual beliefs. For the one among you who hasn’t played some version of it, Snakes and Ladders progresses players in a zig zag pattern up a grid of about 100 squares by the roll of dice, or cowry shells originally. Planted on various squares are ladders that move players further up the board and snakes (or chutes) that slide them back down. The first player to reach the final square, entirely by chance, is the winner. Jnana Chaupar: A Game of Knowledge (19th century AD) from the Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute, Jodhpur Bookending each ladder and snake is a moral lesson, whether in the form of an illustration or explicitly written out. This is where a lot of the game’s most obvious moral and religious didactics happen. But in playing, people are also made to experience the course of fate, and the consequences attached to virtues and vices. The experiential and communal nature of games is what makes even (maybe especially) the most basic of designs so effective at reinforcing culture. “They are meant to teach us in a way that is very different from oral history and storytelling,” says Colleen Macklin, director of New School’s PET Lab , which designs games around social engagement and education in underserved communities around the world. “Without the players, the game doesn’t even really exist — I mean, you could say that there’s a board with some images drawn on it, or some dice, but it really isn’t anything until we play it.” Play predates any formal system of language, education, politics, even our species itself. For us and our fellow primates, play is as much a way of being entertained as a way to work out how we interact and negotiate with the world. With that in mind, it’s really no surprise that evidence of humans playing games goes back thousands of years. But in an age when many of the newest games become unplayable within a decade of their invention, we still have something to learn from games as old as Snakes and Ladders — and its relatives like Pachisi — that have stuck around for thousands of years. Jain version Game of Snakes & Ladders. Gouache on cloth, India, 19th century, Jain, Hindu, Islamic, and Buddhist Versions of Snakes and Ladders are well documented. Often made simply of painted cloth, few boards have survived from any earlier than the mid-18th century. But some scholars think the earliest form of the game may have emerged from ancient Jain mandalas, in which various squares were illustrated with karmic concepts and progressions, connected by religious scribes with lines to underscore their relationships. The leap from those connective lines to ladders and snakes isn’t a big on",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505175
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Author Harper Lee announced the sequel in 2015 of her only ever book, what was the name of that sequel?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Harper Lee to publish new book, sequel to 'Mockingbird' - CNN.com Harper Lee to publish new book, sequel to 'Mockingbird' By Todd Leopold , CNN Updated 5:46 PM ET, Tue February 3, 2015 Chat with us in Facebook Messenger. Find out what's happening in the world as it unfolds. JUST WATCHED Harper Lee to publish second book 01:28 Story highlights Harper Lee's new novel is \"Go Set a Watchman\" The book will be her first since 1960's \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (CNN) Fifty-five years after \"To Kill a Mockingbird,\" Harper Lee is publishing a second book, her publisher said Tuesday. \"Go Set a Watchman,\" which Lee completed in the 1950s and then set aside in favor of \"Mockingbird,\" will be published July 14. It follows Scout, the little girl of \"Mockingbird,\" as an adult. The manuscript was rediscovered last year, Lee, 88, said in a statement from her publisher, Harper. \"In the mid-1950s, I completed a novel called 'Go Set a Watchman,' \" she said. \"It features the character known as Scout as an adult woman, and I thought it a pretty decent effort. My editor, who was taken by the flashbacks to Scout's childhood, persuaded me to write a novel (what became 'To Kill a Mockingbird') from the point of view of the young Scout. \"I was a first-time writer, so I did as I was told. I hadn't realized it (the original book) had survived, so was surprised and delighted when my dear friend and lawyer Tonja Carter discovered it. After much thought and hesitation, I shared it with a handful of people I trust and was pleased to hear that they considered it worthy of publication. I am humbled and amazed that this will now be published after all these years.\" Read More \"Watchman\" is set in the 1950s and is about Scout -- Jean Louise Finch -- returning to her hometown of Maycomb, Alabama (a fictional version of Lee's hometown of Monroeville), to see her father, the upright lawyer Atticus Finch. \"She is forced to grapple with issues both personal and political as she tries to understand her father's attitude toward society, and her own feelings about the place where she was born and spent her childhood,\" the press release said. Photos: The legacy of 'To Kill a Mockingbird' Photos: The legacy of 'To Kill a Mockingbird' The book \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" was published July 11, 1960. In 2014, it became an e-book for the first time . The novel by Harper Lee was turned into a movie staring Gregory Peck, left, as Atticus Finch and Brock Peters as Tom Robinson. Hide Caption Photos: The legacy of 'To Kill a Mockingbird' Boo and Scout – Robert Duvall as Boo Radley on the porch swing with Scout. Hide Caption 10 of 10 \"To Kill a Mockingbird,\" which Lee wrote after she moved to New York, made her name. The book, published in 1960, won the Pulitzer Prize and was made into a beloved 1962 film. Gregory Peck won the Oscar for best actor for his portrayal of Atticus Finch. It's a mainstay of high school reading lists and, as of 2006, had sold more than 30 million copies. Lee, who returned to Monroeville several years ago, remembers being caught off-guard by its overwhelming success. \"I can't say that (my reaction) was one of surprise. It was one of sheer numbness. It was like being hit over the head and knocked cold,\" she said in 1964. Until now, it had been her only published novel. Jonathan Burnham, Harper's senior vice president and publisher, called \"Go Set a Watchman\" \"a remarkable literary event.\" \"The existence of 'Go Set a Watchman' was unknown until recently, and its discovery is an extraordinary gift to the many readers and fans of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' \" he said in the statement. \"Reading in many ways like a sequel to Harper Lee's classic novel, it is a compelling and ultimately moving narrative about a father and a daughter's relationship, and the life of a small Alabama town living through the racial tensions of the 1950s.\" Sandy Smith at Monroeville's chamber of commerce said news of the book was \"great news.\" \"Our main street director told me and she had heard it from the book store. It's definitely great news,\" she told CNN. \"Everyone has always speculated",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505176
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; George Ford is a player and dad Mike Ford is the coach at which English rugby club?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Mike Ford: My sacking has affected George's form but my son will bounce back for England Mike Ford: My sacking has affected George's form but my son will bounce back for England Mike Ford (c) poses with his two sons George (r) and Joe in 2011 Credit: Getty Gavin Mairs , Rugby News Correspondent 30 May 2016 • 10:00pm George Ford will depart for Australia on Tuesday for the three-Test tour with a message of strong support from his father Mike, the former England and Bath coach, who insists that the fly-half has the mental strength to bounce back from his poor kicking display in the victory over Wales. Ford Snr was at Twickenham on Sunday when sections of the crowd booed and jeered his son as he missed two penalties and four conversions during England’s 27-13 triumph in the Old Mutual Wealth Cup match. George Ford missed six of seven kicks at goal in the match Credit: REX Ford will now face strong competition for the No. 10 shirt from Saracens fly-half Owen Farrell, who played at inside centre during the Six Nations. Farrell was also England’s first-choice kicker during the Grand Slam triumph, with Luther Burrell, named in the squad as the replacement for the injured Manu Tuilagi, now a strong contender for the inside centre position. Mike Ford admitted that his son, who was England’s fly-half during the Grand Slam campaign, had been affected by his father’s recent sacking as director of rugby at Bath. Mike Ford left Bath earlier this month Credit: Action Images But Ford Snr, who brought George to Bath from Leicester in 2013, was certain that his missed kicks at Twickenham would not impact on his ability to lead the England line in the first Test in Brisbane a week on Saturday. “George is a strong kid and has achieved quite a lot in his short career so far and you forget how young they are, these kids, and also the affect of my sacking on him,” Mike Ford told The Telegraph. “We are unbelievably tight and close and it affects him that I got sacked. He doesn’t want that, he is like every child whose dad loses his job but, with George, he has then got to go out and play for England. “It affects your life and he took it badly, like we all did. We talked about it and told him he would be all right, just go out and train well. “But the thing about him – and there have been times when he has missed kicks at Bath – is that it never affects his performance. “He doesn’t shrink away from things, he keeps getting ball on the front foot and keeps trying things. He is pretty courageous. “A lot of players would say ‘take me off’ but it doesn’t worry him what people perceive or what the critics say. He just works unbelievably hard every day. “It has been a long season for them all, and there is fatigue but I have no doubt that he will bounce back. He has done it many times in his career.” Watch | Sir Ian McGeechan: How England can beat Australia 01:24 George Ford received strong backing from Eddie Jones after the match, with the England head coach criticising those who booed the player. His father claimed he did not hear the negative reaction from the crowd but admitted it had been tough to watch his son struggle with his kicking performance. “You want your son to do really well and, when he misses a kick, it affects you. But he will bounce back. He has started 19 games and England have won 17 out of the 19 games. People soon forget. “George’s greatest thing at the minute is the way he brings other people into the game – J J [Jonathan Joseph] and Anthony [Watson] will vouch for that and Luther [Burrell] on Sunday.” Ford is in daily contact with his son and his message to George last night was to remember the things he had already achieved in the game. “He is very good to talk to but he also needs an arm around him,” Ford added. “Don’t forget, George, you are a world-class player. “He seeks perfection every day, and there is nothing wrong with that, but it is impossible to get it. But as long as he is seeking it and doing the best he can, then he will always be on the right track. “Remember the strength you have got in terms of what y",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505177
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; England has been runner-up in the ICC World Cup three times, to West Indies in 1979, to Australia in 1987 and to which country in 1992?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Cricket World cup Winners - StatisticsTimes.com Cricket World cup Winners » Basketball World cup Winners ODI : Australia has won the ODI world cup five times in year 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007 and 20015. India and West Indies have won it two times each. Pakistan (1992) and Sri Lanka (1996) has won one time each. First two tournaments was won by West Indies in 1975 and 1979. Five different teams have won the world cup (ODI) out of 11 held so far. England has lost 3 finals followed by Australia and Sri Lanka 2 times each. India, Pakistan, West Indies and New Zealand were runner up in one world cup. In 2015, New zealand became the 7th team to play finals. Teams batting first has won seven world cup finals and batting second has won four world cup finals. First five world cup was won by batting first teams. Australia and New Zealand has qualified for WC semifinals seven times each. Australia has won all seven semifinals. After loosing six semifinals in a row, New Zealand enters in final in 2015 world cup. India and Pakistan has qualified for semifinals six times, While England has five. 9 different teams has played semifinals matches. South Africa and Kenya has entered in semifinals but never entered in final. South Africa and Pakistan has lost four semifinals and India has lost three. England has hosted 4 world cups, including first three and in 1999. India has hosted three times. Every Test-playing nation has hosted or co-hosted a Cricket World Cup at least once. Three hosts, Sri Lanka (1996), India (2011) and Australia (2015) has won world cup. India and Austailia has won the world cup on home soil. T20 : West Indies has won T20 world cup cricket two times in year 2012 and 2016. India (2007), Pakistan (2009), England (2010) and Sri Lanka (2014) has won once.First 20-20 overs world cup was won by India in 2007 in South Africa. Total six T20 world cups has been held and has been won by Five different teams. Sri Lanka were runner up two times, while Pakistan, Australia, India, and England were one time each. Teams batting first has won two world cup finals and batting second has won four world cup finals. West Indies, Pakistan and Sri Lanka has qualified for semifinals four times each followed by India and Australia three times each. ODI & T20 : Four teams has won world cup in both format (ODI and T20). These four teams are : India, Pakistan, West Indies and Sri Lanka. Country",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505178
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; A logophile is a lover of what?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Logophile | Define Logophile at Dictionary.com logophile [law-guh-fahyl, log-uh-] /ˈlɔ gəˌfaɪl, ˈlɒg ə-/ Spell a word lover or word buff Word Origin Greek logos 'speech' + -phile 'friend, lover' Usage Note",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505179
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which organisation were the arch-enemies of 'Napoleon Solo', 'Ilya Kuriakin' and the 'U.N.C.L.E.' agency?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Man From U.N.C.L.E. - Show News, Reviews, Recaps and Photos - TV.com The Man From U.N.C.L.E. EDIT Welcome to the complete The Man from U.N.C.L.E. guide at TV.com. This is the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement. Meet our top Enforcement Agents, Mr. Illya Kuryakin and Mr. Napoleon Solo. For four seasons, their job was to stop evil organizations such as THRUSH in their plans and attempts for world domination. Last Man Standing A House Divided NEW More Info About This Show Categories Themes 60s, Thrillers, secrets and lies, saving the world, quirky characters Important: You must only upload images which you have created yourself or that you are expressly authorised or licensed to upload. By clicking \"Publish\", you are confirming that the image fully complies with TV.com’s Terms of Use and that you own all rights to the image or have authorization to upload it. Please read the following before uploading Do not upload anything which you do not own or are fully licensed to upload. The images should not contain any sexually explicit content, race hatred material or other offensive symbols or images. Remember: Abuse of the TV.com image system may result in you being banned from uploading images or from the entire site – so, play nice and respect the rules! Choose background:",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505180
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which chemical element has the symbol 'Ce'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Chemical Elements.com - Cerium (Ce) Bentor, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Cerium. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/ce.html>. For more information about citing online sources, please visit the MLA's Website . This page was created by Yinon Bentor. Use of this web site is restricted by this site's license agreement . Copyright © 1996-2012 Yinon Bentor. All Rights Reserved.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505181
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Welshman was proclaimed Prince of Wales by his supporters on September 16th 1400?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Page One of Owain Glyndwr Page One ~ Page Two ~ Page Three ~ Page Four The date - 16th of September 2000. The place - Machynlleth the ancient capital of Wales. For what seemed to be a few short hours, Machynlleth was seemingly the capital of Wales once again, as Welsh men, women and children from every corner of Wales and the World could be seen converging on the ancient place. What was the reason for their convergence, Could it be that once again they were answering a rallying call to arms from arguably the most famous Welshman of all time; Owain Glyndwr. Surely it could not be so, for it was over 600 years to the very day, at his mansion of Sycarth in north east Wales that Owain had first declared his intentions of going to war. But perhaps this mystical figure of Welsh history was to reappear once again and, as he had previously, lead the Nation in one more bid for independence No dear visitor, despite the fact that nearly all there would have answered the call, that was not to be the case. Under the fluttering battle flags used by Owain's army: the Golden Lion and me: the Red Dragon, those that had gathered there were this time on a more peaceful mission. That was to dedicate a monument to Owain's memory. So this time, as there had been in previous times, there was to be none of the depravities of war, no blood of the nation's manhood to again mix with the soil of the land, none to grieve the loss of their loved ones. Now I hear you ask why erect a monument to Owain anyway? Well having being hoisted aloft by his men on the 18 September 1400, I the Red Dragon of Wales, shall attempt to tell you of the man: this Owain Glyndwr. The muddy waters of time seem to have clouded my actual recollections of Owain's birth, but I do remember that he was born at Trefgarn Owain near St. Davids in Pembrokeshire. On two accounts could he claim the right to the \"Royal\" Crown of Wales, His mother, a small framed woman, was a direct descendent of the Royal house of Deheubarth: while his father was of a direct line to those Princes of northern Powys who had once lived at the castle of Dinas Bran, high above the present town of Llangollen. Owain returned home to Sycarth from the Scottish war, there towards the end of 1386 he married the daughter of Sir David Hanmer: a judge in the Court of the King's bench. Owain was Lord of the fertile rich lands of both Cynllaith Owain and Glyn Dyfrdwy and his mansion on the banks of the river Cynllaith, was something to behold. The door of the mansion was always open to anyone who cared to call, for there was always a welcome at his table. The house itself built with oak, stood on high ground and had an unheard of feature for those days, chimneys which carried away the smoke from the central room. There were spacious sleeping quarters for both the family and servants, for Owain rarely treated his servants as such, they were more family friends. Outside was a very large pigeon-house and a fishpond which contained many a fine fish. To the right and rear of the mansion stood a large copse which contained a Heronry who's birds, despite causing havoc with the fish in the pond, were allowed to reside in the tree's for they often as not provided meat for the table. Down by the riverside, giving shelter from the sun on a warm lazy summers day, alder and willow overhung the river; underneath which on a late afternoon large trout could be seen as they rose to take a fly. However, among this tranquil scene things were not as they first seemed, for there was treachery and deceit in the air. By the time the rigor's of winter in year of 1400 had set in, there had been both a bloody campaign and heavy defeat. Nevertheless when the year 1401 arrived in Wales the tide changed for it heralded victory after victory for a few years and may have continued, had it not been for the tide of change occurring once more. Then as always there was, down through the centuries in this small nation of ours, defeat; always that final bitter and utter bloody defeat that cost so many lives. As a young man Owain was an adventurous and w",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505182
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What mathematical term for a part derives from ecclesiastical Latin for 'breaking bread'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fraction - definition of fraction by The Free Dictionary Fraction - definition of fraction by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/fraction Related to fraction: proper fraction frac·tion 1. Mathematics An expression that indicates the quotient of two quantities, such as 1/3 . 2. A disconnected piece; a fragment. 3. A small part; a bit: moved a fraction of a step. 4. A chemical component separated by fractionation. [Middle English fraccioun, a breaking, from Anglo-Norman, from Late Latin frāctiō, frāctiōn-, from Latin frāctus, past participle of frangere, to break; see bhreg- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] fraction a. a ratio of two expressions or numbers other than zero b. any rational number that is not an integer 2. any part or subdivision: a substantial fraction of the nation. 3. a small piece; fragment 4. (Chemistry) chem a component of a mixture separated by a fractional process, such as fractional distillation 5. (Ecclesiastical Terms) Christianity the formal breaking of the bread in Communion 6. the act of breaking vb (tr) to divide [C14: from Late Latin fractiō a breaking into pieces, from Latin fractus broken, from frangere to break] frac•tion a. a number usu. expressed in the form a/b. b. a ratio of algebraic quantities similarly expressed. 2. a component in a volatile mixture whose range of boiling point temperatures allows it to be separated from other components by fractionation. 3. a part of a whole: Only a fraction of the members were present. 4. a small part or segment: only a fraction of the cost. 5. a piece broken off; fragment. v.t., v.i. 6. to break into fractions. [1350–1400; Middle English fraccioun < Late Latin frāctiō act of breaking] frac·tion (frăk′shən) A number that compares part of an object or a set with the whole, especially the quotient of two whole numbers written in the form a/b . The fraction 1/2 , which means 1 divided by 2, can represent such things as 10 pencils out of a box of 20, or 50 cents out of a dollar. See also decimal fraction , improper fraction , proper fraction . fraction I will have been fractioning you will have been fractioning he/she/it will have been fractioning we will have been fractioning you will have been fractioning they will have been fractioning Past Perfect Continuous 1. fraction - a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process chemical , chemical substance - material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules 2. fraction - a small part or item forming a piece of a whole part , portion - something less than the whole of a human artifact; \"the rear part of the house\"; \"glue the two parts together\" 3. fraction - the quotient of two rational numbers fixed-point part , mantissa - the positive fractional part of the representation of a logarithm; in the expression log 643 = 2.808 the mantissa is .808 common fraction , simple fraction - the quotient of two integers improper fraction - a fraction whose numerator is larger than the denominator proper fraction - a fraction with a numerator smaller than the denominator complex fraction , compound fraction - a fraction with fractions in the numerator or denominator continued fraction - a fraction whose numerator is an integer and whose denominator is an integer plus a fraction whose numerator is an integer and whose denominator is an integer plus a fraction and so on Verb halve - divide by two; divide into halves; \"Halve the cake\" quarter - divide by four; divide into quarters fraction noun 3. fragment , part , piece , section , sector , selection , segment You will find only a fraction of the collection on display. Translations 2. (fig) → pequeña porción f, parte f muy pequeña move it just a fraction → muévelo un poquito for a fraction of a second → por un instante fraction a fraction of a second → une fraction de seconde at a fraction of the cost → pour beaucoup moins cher fraction (Math) → Bruch m (fig) → Bruchteil m; a fraction better/shorter → (um) eine Spur besser / kürzer ; move it just a fraction (of an inch) → verrücke es (um) e",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505183
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which Asian country are the car manufacturers Proton and Perodua based?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "proton I. Identification 1. The Issue The case study focuses on the Malaysian automotive industry and the possible disadvantages and advantages that may be caused by the introduction of the Asian Free Trade Area (AFTA). The disadvantages can include loses incurred by the alleviation of protectionist measures, reduction in the overall output, and can have a negative affect on employment. On the other hand, it may open greater opportunities for the automotive industry through the regional cooperation and allow the mentioned industry to penetrate global markets. In order to do this, the goals for automotive industry are as how to improve the quality, become cost competitive, maintain dominance on the domestic market and become competitive in the international market. 2. Description Malaysia is a member of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and represents one of the biggest automobile markets in the region. Before the beginning of the economic crisis in 1997, Thailand was the largest automotive market within the ten-nation ASEAN, followed by Indonesia, Malaysia, and then the Philippines. But the situation has changed in 1997 and 1998, where Malaysia became the largest vehicle market, followed by Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia. The automotive sector in Malaysia is assumed to be an engine of industrial development, provider of technological capability, and generator of inter-industry linkages (plastics, still, electronics, glass, metal, rubber, textile industry). The history of Malaysian automotive industry goes back to early 1960s, where Malaysian government developed a policy to promote an integrated automobile industry to strengthen Malaysia's industrial base. The main objectives of the government in promoting an automobile assembly industry were to reduce imports, save foreign exchange, create employment, develop strong forward and backward linkages with the rest of the economy, and transfer industrial technology. The government's efforts were fully reimbursed - industry managed to move into the manufacture of motor vehicles and component parts in the 1980s and 1990s from just being fragmented and inefficient assembly base in 1960s and 1970s and fulfilled the abovementioned goals, that is significantly contributed to the national economy in terms of manufacturing output and employment. The automotive industry was led by the two national car projects (Proton and Perodua). First National Car Project - Proton Proton's entry into the local automobile market in 1985 has resulted in massive structural changes in the industry, which was reflected in the shift of the domestic car market, which depended on imported cars, particularly Japanese makes, to one that is dominated by locally made cars. For non-Proton distributors, the entry of Proton has resulted in a much smaller slice of the car market. Nissan and Toyota, which dominated the local passenger car market in the pre-Proton era, have lost their popularity among local car buyers. The first Proton cars were rolled out in 1985, by a joint venture between Mitsubishi Motor Corporation (MMC), Mitsubishi Corporation and Heavy Industries Corporation of Malaysia (Hicom). Despite the fact that Proton had not successful start due to the 1985-86 recession which caused the decrease in demand and increased vehicle prices because of the Japanese yen appreciation against the national currency, the recovery of the Malaysian economy contributed to the increase in Proton's production and market share, making it the best selling passenger car in Malaysia, with market share of 73%. The success story of Proton can be directly attributed to the government policy, which is said to be the most interventionist regime among the ASEAN countries. The national car manufacturers enjoy a certain amount of protection against foreign competition in the form of tariff and other non-tariff barriers. Below is the detailed information about the specific measures: Below is the detailed information about the specific meas",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505184
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which US City is the setting for the original crime series 'CSI, Crime Scene Investigation'?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2000) for Rent on DVD and Blu-ray - DVD Netflix English: Dolby Digital 5.1, Spanish (Neutral): Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo, English: Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo Other features Color; interactive menus; scene access; audio commentaries; \"Frozen in Time\": CSI's season opener; crossover episodes; additional featurettes. Summary of Season 11 (2010) - 6 discs Under the solid leadership of shrewd single mother Catherine Willows (Marg Helgenberger), Las Vegas's forensic investigation squad tackles a string of challenging homicide cases, including a casino pool shark attack and a vampire and werewolf convention slaying. The eleventh season of this fast-paced murder mystery series features special guest stars Elliott Gould, Andy Dick and teen pop sensation Justin Bieber.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505185
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Mary Lennox is the central character of which 1911 Frances Hodgson Burnett novel?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Story Design: The Secret Garden (1911) | Maria Celina Story Design: The Secret Garden (1911) Mistress Mary, Quite Contrary This post may contain spoilers and large images that may compromise slower internet connections. Read at your own discretion. Frances Hodgson Burnett’s 1911 novel, The Secret Garden is a beautiful story of a temperamental central character, Mary Lennox, who fixes a family damaged by death, in spite of her own brokenness. Having grown up in a household where the love for reading is heavily patronised, it is one of the first classics I read independently as a child. My youthful interpretation of the book — and later watching the 1993 film adaptation many times — focused on the cultivation of the garden, and its accompanying secrecy. As an adult, the emotional components of the plot became more poignant, and I found myself being able to identify with Mary. Existing Book Cover Designs As a designer, I also started to appreciate the how various elements of the story are communicated into a book’s design. Book covers visually divulge pockets of the plot to the reader, and it is not uncommon for various editions of the same book to have certain elements carry through in their cover designs. The ones I’ve seen of The Secret Garden tend to depict any of the following: a robin, a keyhole and/or key, a door, an artistic interpretation of Mary, and the fairly obvious vegetation, to name a few. The following book covers contain quite a few of the previously mentioned elements. The above left cover design is a 2008 Puffin Classic relaunch of the novel, with the robin, part of the ivy that conceals the door to the garden, a keyhole, and part of Mary’s face. The above right cover design is drawn by eight-year-old Emma Brink-Morrison, the winner of the Vintage Classics competition to draw cover art to mark the relaunch of a large list of Vintage Classics novels. Limited Edition Puffin Designer Classic by Lauren Child Though the book creator produced only a thousand copies of this breath-taking (but sold out) limited edition, it would have made for a wonderful gift for fans of Burnett’s novel. English illustrator and author Lauren Child indulges in incredible amounts of layered detail when crafting this masterpiece of a book design. The cover contains several layers of cut-out branches. In order to feel the element of secrecy in the story, the reader can peel back each cover layer one by one until the base cover reveals Mary and the secret garden. Along the spine, a yellow bookmark has the book’s title in red. For added detail, there is a little black key on its end. The book is printed entirely in green paper. Cloth-Bound Penguin Classics for Children by Daniela Jalengka Terrazzini Retail store Anthropologie has placed their magic touch on the classic novel. Rather, London-based artist Daniela Jalengka Terrazzini did, for the store. Using the method of using cloth for book binding, six classics were re-hashed at Terrazzini’s hands, one of them being The Secret Garden. Vibrant and full of detail, Terrazzini extracts basic elements from the plot, such as the robin, the key, and the floral elements that depict parts of the secret garden. An additional element would be the bees flying nearby some of the floral elements, a possible connection with the the presence of vegetation. The design is symmetrical, probably arranged in a way so it also comes off as seamless. The key to the garden, which is one of the central elements of the book, is strategically placed the centre. In terms of typography, words have been given less influence than the graphics, allowing the reader to identify the book without having to read the title. That is precisely the beauty of works deemed as classics. The literary elements that have been visually depicted from edition to edition — whether it be on the cover or a graphical divider to point out a transition in the plot — become the book’s trademark characteristic. A hundred years after it has been first published, the same elements remain. With her book cover designs, Terrazzini proves the exte",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505186
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which Irish gardener has written a book called Outer Spaces?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Outer spaces (Book, 2003) [WorldCat.org] The E-mail message field is required. Please enter the message. E-mail Message: I thought you might be interested in this item at http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53229678 Title: Outer spaces Author: Diarmuid Gavin Publisher: London ; New York : DK Pub., ©2003. ISBN/ISSN: 0789496356 9780789496355 1405300167 9781405300162 OCLC:53229678 The ReCaptcha terms you entered were incorrect. Please try to match the 2 words shown in the window, or try the audio version.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505187
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Founded in 1946 by Georges Doriot, the firm American Research and Development Corporation (ARDC) is credited with pioneering what concept in the world of business?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Venture capital - WOW.com Venture capital Updated: 2016-12-10T10:23Z For the process of financing by venture capital, see Venture capital financing . A financing diagram illustrating how start-up companies are typically financed. First, the new firm seeks out \" seed capital \" and funding from \" angel investors \" and accelerators . Then, if the firm can survive through the \" valley of death \"–the period where the firm is trying to develop on a \"shoestring\" budget–the firm can seek venture capital financing. e Venture capital (VC) is a type of private equity , [1] a form of financing that is provided by firms or funds to small, early-stage, emerging firms that are deemed to have high growth potential, or which have demonstrated high growth (in terms of number of employees, annual revenue, or both). Venture capital firms or funds invest in these early-stage companies in exchange for equity –an ownership stake–in the companies they invest in. Venture capitalists take on the risk of financing risky start-ups in the hopes that some of the firms they support will become successful. The start-ups are usually based on an innovative technology or business model and they are usually from the high technology industries, such as information technology (IT), social media or biotechnology . The typical venture capital investment occurs after an initial \" seed funding \" round. The first round of institutional venture capital to fund growth is called the Series A round . Venture capitalists provide this financing in the interest of generating a return through an eventual \"exit\" event, such as the company selling shares to the public for the first time in an Initial public offering (IPO) or doing a merger and acquisition (also known as a \"trade sale\") of the company. In addition to angel investing , equity crowdfunding and other seed funding options, venture capital is attractive for new companies with limited operating history that are too small to raise capital in the public markets and have not reached the point where they are able to secure a bank loan or complete a debt offering . In exchange for the high risk that venture capitalists assume by investing in smaller and early-stage companies, venture capitalists usually get significant control over company decisions, in addition to a significant portion of the companies' ownership (and consequently value). Start-ups like Uber, Airbnb, Flipkart, ReviewAdda, Xiaomi & Didi Chuxing are highly valued startups, where venture capitalists contribute more than financing to these early-stage firms; they also often provide strategic advice to the firm's executives on its business model and marketing strategies. Venture capital is also a way in which the private and public sectors can construct an institution that systematically creates business networks for the new firms and industries, so that they can progress and develop. This institution helps identify promising new firms and provide them with finance, technical expertise, mentoring , marketing \"know-how\", and business models . Once integrated into the business network, these firms are more likely to succeed, as they become \"nodes\" in the search networks for designing and building products in their domain. [2] However, venture capitalists' decisions are often biased, exhibiting for instance overconfidence and illusion of control, much like entrepreneurial decisions in general. [3] Contents 10 Notes and references History A venture may be defined as a project prospective converted into a process with an adequate assumed risk and investment. With few exceptions, private equity in the first half of the 20th century was the domain of wealthy individuals and families. The Wallenbergs, Vanderbilts, Whitneys, Rockefellers, and Warburgs were notable investors in private companies in the first half of the century. In 1938, Laurance S. Rockefeller helped finance the creation of both Eastern Air Lines and Douglas Aircraft , and the Rockefeller family had vast holdings in a variety of companies. Eric M. Warburg founded E.M. Warburg & Co. in 1938, which",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505188
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The London store Harrods describes itself as Harrods of where",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Harrods, London Harrods - harrods.com Harrods is London's most famous department store. The luxurious store is on many tourists' itineraries, who come to admire the magnificent interior and enormous selection. They often leave the store with a signature green bag; foreign visitors account for a significant part of the store's sales. History Harrods The history of this famous luxury store goes back to 1849 when Charles Henry Harrod opened a grocery at Brompton Road in Knightsbridge, at the time a small village just outside London. Just two years later, the Great Exhibition of 1851, which took place at Crystal Palace in nearby Hyde Park , brought many visitors to the area. Knightsbridge and Harrod's new store boomed. Charles Harrod's son (also named Charles) took over and quickly expanded the store, at the time known as 'Harrods Stores'. The department store became well known for its high quality products and excellent personalized service. In 1894 Harrods was taken over by Richard Burbridge who had the store completely rebuilt. He also installed London's first escalator, in 1898. The current building was also commissioned by Burbridge. The impressive domed structure was built between 1901 and 1905 after a design by local architects C. W. Stephens and E. J. Munt. The Department Store Omna, Omnibus, Ubique Harrods is one of the world's most famous stores and one of London's tourist attractions thanks to the wide assortment of luxury goods that are on display in a magnificently decorated building. The enormous array of products is particularly impressive. The company's motto - engraved on the building's pediment - is Omnia, Omnibus, Ubique (Everything, for everyone, everywhere). Harrods used to be known as the store where anything you could think of was for sale. While this may not be the case any more, the assortment is still enormous. You can purchase anything from historic eighteenth-century dinner plates or exquisite caviar to giant teddy bears. Egyptian Decorations It is best to take your time for a visit to the large store, which covers an area of about 80,000 sq m spread out over seven floors. Floor plans are available near the entrances. One of the most beautiful departments of the store is the magnificent Food Hall on the lower floor, decorated with tiles created by artist Williams James Neatby. Other impressive departments include the Egyptian Halls and the Crystal Rooms. Also of note is the central escalator, decorated with Egyptian motives. And don't forget to visit the toy department - the city's best - where you'll find enormous stuffed animals. Knightsbridge The success of Harrods attracted a number of other entrepreneurs to Knightsbridge, resulting in an upscale shopping district. Nearby are luxury stores such as Harvey Nichols and Burberry. Sloane street, one of the most famous shopping streets in London, is just around the corner.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505189
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the derived SI unit of frequency?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Frequency unit conversion - SI derived quantity Frequency unit conversion - SI derived quantity ›› SI derived quantity: frequency This category of measurement units is defined by the \"frequency\" type, which is an SI derived quantity. ›› SI unit: hertz The SI derived unit for frequency is the hertz. ›› Convert hertz to another unit Convert hertz to",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505190
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Where would you be stood if you were at zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Where Do Zero Degrees Latitude and Longitude Intersect? By Matt Rosenberg Updated August 06, 2016. The equator marks zero degrees latitude and the prime meridian marks zero degrees longitude, but where do these two lines meet? The simple answer is that they intersect in the Gulf of Guinea, just off the western coast of Africa. While this point on the map of the Earth has no real significance, it is a common question in geography trivia and it's an interesting fact to know. What is at 0° latitude, 0° longitude? The equator and prime meridian are both invisible lines that circle the Earth and they help us in navigation. Though invisible, the equator (0 ° latitude) is a very real line that divides the world into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The prime meridian (0° longitude) , on the other hand, was created by scholars who needed some point as a frame of reference to begin noting east-west points on the map. It is by pure happenstance that the coordinate of 0°, 0° falls in the middle of a little-known body of water. To be exact, the intersection of zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude falls about 380 miles (611 kilometers) south of Ghana and 670 miles (1078 km) west of Gabon. This location is in the tropical waters of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, specifically, the Gulf of Guinea. The Gulf of Guinea is part of the western edge of the African tectonic plate. Most notably, according to the theory of continental drift , this may have been the location where South America and Africa were once joined. A look at the maps of the two continents will quickly show you the remarkable possibility to this geographic jigsaw puzzle. Is There a Marker at 0°, 0°? Very few people in the world will ever pass over the point where the equator and prime meridian meet. It requires a boat and a good navigator so, unlike the prime meridian line in Greenwich , there is not much call for tourism at this location. The spot is marked, though. A weather buoy (Station 13010 - Soul) is placed at the exact location of 0°, 0°. It is owned and maintained by the Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Atlantic (PIRATA). Like other buoys, Soul regularly records weather data from the Gulf of Guinea such as air and water temperature and wind speed and direction. Is this Intersection Important? The equator is an important line on the earth's surface. It marks the line above which the sun is directly overhead on the March and September equinoxes. The prime meridian, on the other hand, is an imaginary line, created by people to mark zero degrees longitude. It just happens to pass through Greenwich, but it could have been located anywhere. Therefore, the intersection of zero degrees longitude and zero degrees latitude is of no significance. However, just knowing that it is in the Gulf of Guinea may serve you well on a geography quiz or when playing Jeopardy or Trivial Pursuit. Also, you can use this bit of trivia to stump friends and family.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505191
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Tsar and Kaiser were derivatives of what Roman title?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "tsar | title | Britannica.com title Alternative Titles: czar, czarina, tsarina, tzar, tzarina Related Topics Peter I Tsar, also spelled tzar or czar, English feminine tsarina, tzarina, or czarina, title associated primarily with rulers of Russia . The term tsar, a form of the ancient Roman imperial title caesar, generated a series of derivatives in Russian: tsaritsa, a tsar’s wife, or tsarina; tsarevich, his son; tsarevna, his daughter; and tsesarevich, his eldest son and heir apparent (a 19th-century term). Tsar Alexis, detail of a portrait by an unknown artist, c. 1670; in the State Historical … Courtesy of the State Historical Museum, Moscow Overview of tsarist rule in Russia. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz In medieval Russia the title tsar referred to a supreme ruler, particularly the Byzantine emperor , who was considered the head of the Orthodox Christian world. But the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 and the Ottoman Turks’ conquest of the Balkans left the grand princes of Moscow as the only remaining Orthodox monarchs in the world, and the Russian Orthodox clergy naturally began to look to them as the defenders and possible supreme heads of Orthodox Christianity. Claims were put forth that Moscow would become the “third Rome” in succession to Constantinople (now Istanbul) and Rome itself. In 1472 Ivan III , grand prince of Moscow, married Sofia (Zoë) Palaeologus, the niece of the last Byzantine emperor. Sofia brought with her the traditions of the Byzantine court and its concept of the exalted nature of monarchical power. Ivan III, portrait from A. Thenet, La Cosmographie universelle, Paris, 1575 Courtesy of the trustees of the British Museum; photograph, J.R. Freeman & Co. Ltd. In 1547 Ivan IV the Terrible, grand prince of Moscow, was officially crowned “tsar of all Russia,” and thus the religious and political ideology of the Russian tsardom took final form. As tsar, Ivan IV theoretically held absolute power, but in practice he and his successors were limited by the traditional authority of the Orthodox church, the Boyar Council, and the legal codes of 1497, 1550, and 1649. Ivan IV, portrait by Viktor Mikhaylovich Vasnetsov. © Bettmann/Corbis",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505192
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which country in the Pacific was also known as The Friendly Islands?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Friendly Islands - definition of Friendly Islands by The Free Dictionary Friendly Islands - definition of Friendly Islands by The Free Dictionary http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Friendly+Islands Also found in: Thesaurus , Encyclopedia , Wikipedia . Related to Friendly Islands: Tongas Friend·ly Islands (Placename) another name for Tonga 2 ton•ga (in S Asia) a light two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle. [1870–75; < Hindi tāṅgā] (ˈtɒŋ gə) n. a kingdom consisting of three groups of islands in the SW Pacific, E of Fiji: a former British protectorate. 109,082; 289 sq. mi. (748 sq. km). Cap.: Nukualofa. Also called Ton′ga Is′lands, Friendly Islands. ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend: Noun 1. Friendly Islands - a monarchy on a Polynesian archipelago in the South Pacific; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1970 Polynesia - the islands in the eastern part of Oceania Tongan - a Polynesian native or inhabitant of Tonga Want to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us , add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content . Link to this page: ON THIS DAY Known as one of the most family friendly islands in The Bahamas, Grand Bahama Island is a nature enthusiast's dream, with several easily accessible nature-based activities. Copyright © 2003-2017 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505193
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What tiny creatures form the diet of the world's largest creature, the blue whale?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Blue Whales, Blue Whale Pictures, Blue Whale Facts - National Geographic Pod Did you know? When a blue whale exhales, the spray from its blowhole can reach nearly 30 ft (9m) into the air. Size relative to a bus: Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine mammals rule the oceans at up to 100 feet (30 meters) long and upwards of 200 tons (181 metric tons). Their tongues alone can weigh as much as an elephant. Their hearts, as much as an automobile. Blue whales reach these mind-boggling dimensions on a diet composed nearly exclusively of tiny shrimplike animals called krill. During certain times of the year, a single adult blue whale consumes about 4 tons (3.6 metric tons) of krill a day. Blue whales are baleen whales, which means they have fringed plates of fingernail-like material, called baleen, attached to their upper jaws. The giant animals feed by first gulping an enormous mouthful of water, expanding the pleated skin on their throat and belly to take it in. Then the whale's massive tongue forces the water out through the thin, overlapping baleen plates. Thousands of krill are left behind—and then swallowed. Blue whales look true blue underwater, but on the surface their coloring is more a mottled blue-gray. Their underbellies take on a yellowish hue from the millions of microorganisms that take up residence in their skin. The blue whale has a broad, flat head and a long, tapered body that ends in wide, triangular flukes. Behavior Blue whales live in all the world's oceans occasionally swimming in small groups but usually alone or in pairs. They often spend summers feeding in polar waters and undertake lengthy migrations towards the Equator as winter arrives. These graceful swimmers cruise the ocean at more than five miles an hour (eight kilometers an hour), but accelerate to more than 20 miles an hour (32 kilometers an hour) when they are agitated. Blue whales are among the loudest animals on the planet. They emit a series of pulses, groans, and moans, and it’s thought that, in good conditions, blue whales can hear each other up to 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) away. Scientists think they use these vocalizations not only to communicate, but, along with their excellent hearing, to sonar-navigate the lightless ocean depths. Blue whale calves enter the world already ranking among the planet's largest creatures. After about a year inside its mother's womb, a baby blue whale emerges weighing up to 3 tons (2.7 metric tons) and stretching to 25 feet (8 meters). It gorges on nothing but mother's milk and gains about 200 pounds (91 kilograms) every day for its first year. Conservation Blue whales are among Earth's longest-lived animals. Scientists have discovered that by counting the layers of a deceased whale's waxlike earplugs, they can get a close estimate of the animal's age. The oldest blue whale found using this method was determined to be around 110 years old. Average lifespan is estimated at around 80 to 90 years. Between 10,000 and 25,000 blue whales are believed to still swim the world's oceans. Aggressive hunting in the 1900s by whalers seeking whale oil drove them to the brink of extinction. Between 1900 and the mid-1960s, some 360,000 blue whales were slaughtered. They finally came under protection with the 1966 International Whaling Commission, but they've managed only a minor recovery since then. Blue whales have few predators but are known to fall victim to attacks by sharks and killer whales, and many are injured or die each year from impacts with large ships. Blue whales are currently classified as endangered on the World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505194
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; All My Sons (1947) and The Misfits (1961) are both plays written by whom?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Arthur Miller Biography | List of Works, Study Guides & Essays | GradeSaver Miller, Arthur Biography of Arthur Miller Arthur Miller was one of the leading American playwrights of the twentieth century. He was born in October 1915 in New York City to a women's clothing manufacturer, who lost everything in the economic collapse of the 1930s. Living through young adulthood during the Great Depression, Miller was shaped by the poverty that surrounded him. The Depression demonstrated to the playwright the fragility and vulnerability of human existence in the modern era. After graduating from high school, Miller worked in a warehouse so that he could earn enough money to attend the University of Michigan, where he began to write plays. Miller's first play to make it to Broadway, The Man Who Had All the Luck (1944), was a dismal failure, closing after only four performances. This early setback almost discouraged Miller from writing completely, but he gave himself one more try. Three years later, All My Sons won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award as the best play of 1947, launching Miller into theatrical stardom. All My Sons, a drama about a manufacturer of faulty war materials, was strongly influenced by the naturalist drama of Henrik Ibsen. Along with Death of a Salesman (his most enduring success), All My Sons and The Man Who Had All the Luck form a thematic trilogy of plays about love triangles involving fathers and sons. The drama of the family is at the core of all of Miller's major plays, but nowhere is it more prominent than in All My Sons and Death of a Salesman. Death of a Salesman (1949) secured Miller's reputation as one of the nation's foremost playwrights. In this play, Miller mixes the tradition of social realism that informs most of his work with a more experimental structure that includes fluid leaps in time as the protagonist, Willy Loman, drifts into memories of his sons as teenagers. Loman represents an American archetype: a victim of his own delusions of grandeur and obsession with success, and haunted by a sense of failure. Miller won a Tony Award for Death of a Salesman as well as a Pulitzer Prize. The play has been frequently revived in film, television, and stage versions that have included actors such as Dustin Hoffman, George C. Scott and, most recently, Brian Dennehy in the part of Willy Loman. Miller followed Death of a Salesman with his most politically significant work, The Crucible (1953), a tale of the Salem witch trials that contains obvious analogies to the McCarthy anti-Communist hearings in 1950s America. The highly controversial nature of the politics of The Crucible, which lauds those who refuse to name names, led to the play's mixed response. In later years, however, it has become one of the most studied and performed plays of American theater. Three years after The Crucible, in 1956, Miller found himself persecuted by the very force that he warned against, when he was called to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Miller refused to name people he allegedly saw at a Communist writers' meeting a decade before, and he was convicted of contempt. He later won an appeal. Also in 1956, Miller married actress Marilyn Monroe. The two divorced in 1961, one year before her death. That year Monroe appeared in her last film, The Misfits, which is based on an original screenplay by Miller. After divorcing Monroe, Miller wed Ingeborg Morath, to whom he remained married until his death in 2005. The pair had a son and a daughter. Miller also wrote the plays A Memory of Two Mondays and the short A View from the Bridge, which were both staged in 1955. His other works include After the Fall (1964), a thinly veiled account of his marriage to Monroe, as well as The Price (1967), The Archbishop's Ceiling (1977), and The American Clock (1980). His most recent works include the plays The Ride Down Mt. Morgan (1991), The Last Yankee (1993), and Broken Glass (1993), which won the Olivier Award for Best Play. Although Miller did not write frequently for film, he did pen an adaptation for",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505195
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who was born Amy Lyon near Neston in Cheshire, in May 1765?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Emma Lady Hamilton • Biography & Facts Emma Lady Hamilton Emma Lady Hamilton Emma, Lady Hamilton (26 April 1765; baptised 12 May 1765 – 15 January 1815) is best remembered as the mistress of Lord Nelson and as the muse of George Romney . She was born Amy Lyon in Ness near Neston, Cheshire, England, the daughter of Henry Lyon, a blacksmith who died when she was two months old. She was raised by her mother, the former Mary Kidd, at Hawarden, and received no formal education. She later changed her name to Emma Hart.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505196
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which famous name was accused f the abduction of Stompie Seipei?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "What is Happening in South Africa: The Murder of 14 yr old \"Stompie\" The Murder of 14 yr old \"Stompie\" The Murder of James \"Stompie\" Seipei James Seipei (1974–1988), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, was a teenage African National Congress (ANC) activist from Parys in South Africa. He was kidnapped and murdered on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the Mandela United football club. Moeketsi joined the street uprising against apartheid in the mid 1980s at age ten, and soon took on a leading role. He became the country's youngest political detainee when he spent his 12th birthday in jail without trial. At the age of 13 he was expelled from school . Moeketsi was kidnapped on 29 December 1988 after a school rally, accused of being a police informer and murdered at the age of 14. His body was found in Soweto with his throat slit. Jerry Richardson, one of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, was convicted of the murder. He claimed that she had ordered him to abduct four young men from Soweto, of whom Stompie was the youngest. The four were severely beaten and Stompie's body was later recovered by the police. Involvement of Winnie Mandela Winnie Madikizela-Mandela (born Nomzamo Winfreda Madikizelza; 26 September 1936) is a South AfricanAfrican National Congress Women's League. She is currently a member of the ANC's National Executive Committee. Although still married to Nelson Mandela at the time of his becoming president of South Africa in May 1994, she was never the first lady of South Africa, as the couple had separated two years earlier after it was revealed that Winnie had been unfaithful during Nelson's incarceration. Their divorce was finalized on 19 March 1996, with an unspecified out-of-court settlement. Winnie Mandela's attempt to obtain a settlement up to US$5 million, half of what she claimed her ex-husband was worth, was dismissed when she failed to appear at court for a financial settlement hearing. A controversial activist, she is popular among her supporters, who refer to her as the 'Mother of the Nation', yet reviled by others, mostly due to her alleged involvement in several human rights abuses, including the 1989 kidnap of 14-year old ANC activist Stompie Moeketsi, who was later murdered. In March 2009, the Independent Electoral Commission ruled that Winnie Mandela, who was selected as an ANC candidate, could run in the April 2009 general election, despite having a fraud conviction. Early life Her Xhosa name is Nomzamo. Nomzamo means \"trial (having a hard time in life)\". She was born in the village of eMbongweni, Bizana, in the Pondo region of what is now South Africa's Eastern Cape Province. She held a number of jobs in various parts of what was then the Bantustan of Transkei, including with the Transkei government, living at various times in Bizana, Shawbury and Johannesburg. She met lawyer and anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela in 1957. They were married in 1958 and had two daughters, Zenani (also called Zeni) (b.1959) and Zindzi (b.1960). In June 2010, Winnie was treated for shock after the death of her great-granddaughter, Zenani, who was killed in a car accident on the eve of the opening of South Africa's World Cup. She has diabetes. Despite restrictions on education of blacks during apartheid, Mandela earned a degree in social work from the Jan Hofmeyer School in Johannesburg, and several years later earned a Bachelor's degree in international relations from the University of Witwatersrand, also in Johannesburg. She is also a qualified Social Worker. Apartheid Mandela emerged as a leading opponent of the white minority rule government during the later years of her husband's long imprisonment (August 1963 – February 1990). For many of those years, she was exiled to the town of Brandfort in the Orange Free State and confined to the area, except for the times she was allowed to visit her husband at the prison on Robben Island. Beginning in 1969, she spent eighteen months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison. During the 1980s as w",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505197
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What did William Herschel discover in 1781?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "William Hershel discovers Uranus - Mar 13, 1781 - HISTORY.com William Hershel discovers Uranus Publisher A+E Networks The German-born English astronomer William Hershel discovers Uranus, the seventh planet from the sun. Herschel’s discovery of a new planet was the first to be made in modern times, and also the first to be made by use of a telescope, which allowed Herschel to distinguish Uranus as a planet, not a star, as previous astronomers believed. Herschel, who was later knighted for his historic discovery, named the planet Georgium Sidus, or the “Georgian Planet,” in honor of King George III of England. However, German astronomer Johann Bode proposed the name “Uranus” for the celestial body in order to conform to the classical mythology-derived names of other known planets. Uranus, the ancient Greek deity of the heavens, was a predecessor of the Olympian gods. By the mid-19th century, it was also the generally accepted name of the seventh planet from the sun. The planet Uranus is a gas giant like Jupiter and Saturn and is made up of hydrogen, helium, and methane. The third largest planet, Uranus orbits the sun once every 84 earth years and is the only planet to spin perpendicular to its solar orbital plane. In January 1986, the unmanned U.S. spacecraft Voyager 2 visited the planet, discovering 10 additional moons to the five already known, and a system of faint rings around the gas giant. Related Videos",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505198
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In 1990, which was the first UK city to be a European City of Culture?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Why Glasgow is still the city of culture - Scotland Now Scotland Now Receive updates from Scotland by email Why Glasgow is still the city of culture 00:01, 2 Oct 2014 16:04, 11 Feb 2015 By Scotland Now AS well as being home to the national performing arts organisations, Glasgow is also blazing an internationally acclaimed trail in contemporary art, design and music. Share VIEW GALLERY GLASGOW was named European City of Culture in 1990 and now just over 20 years after the prestigious accolade catapulted it into the cultural limelight, the vibrant arts scene shows the city’s creativity continues to thrive. This has been further reinforced by Glasgow being awarded the accolade of UNESCO City of Music and appointed to its Creative Cities Network. As well as being home to the national performing arts organisations Royal Scottish National Orchestra, National Theatre of Scotland, BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra, Scottish Opera and Scottish Ballet, Glasgow is also blazing an internationally acclaimed trail in contemporary art, design and music. No fewer than six Turner Prize winners (Martin Creed, Douglas Gordon, Simon Starling, Richard Wright, Susan Philipsz and Martin Boyce); nine Turner Prize nominees (Christine Borland, Phil Collins, Nathan Coley, Jim Lambie, Cathy Wilkes, Lucy Skaer, Karla Black, Luke Fowler and 2013 nominee David Shrigley) and three Beck’s Futures winners (Roderick Buchanan, Rosalind Nashashibi, Toby Paterson) have hailed from, trained in, or worked out of the city in recent years. Reinforcing the city’s position as a centre for cutting-edge art, Glasgow’s Tramway will host the 2015 Turner Prize. In a major report, commissioned by Glasgow City Council, Glasgow Life and part-funded by Creative Scotland, the leading cultural policy analyst John Myerscough, found that 21 years after the city became the first in the UK to win the title of European Capital of Culture the sector has gone from strength to strength. Myerscough is author of the ground-breaking work on The Economic Importance of the Arts in Britain (1988), which included a case study on Glasgow. The latter formed the baseline for the study he led on the impact of Glasgow’s year as European City of Culture, Monitoring Glasgow 1990. This new report charts developments in the intervening years and finds that Glasgow has gone from strength to strength, surpassing the peaks achieved during 1990. Poll loading … Innovative spaces such as Trongate 103 ( www.trongate103.com ) and The Briggait ( www.thebriggait.org.uk ) in the heart of the Merchant City; CCA on Sauchiehall Street ( www.cca-glasgow.com ) and Tramway on Glasgow’s South Side ( www.tramway.org ) are just some of the cutting-edge venues at the very epicentre of the city’s creativity with their year-round programmes of thought provoking events and exhibitions. Independent, artist-run galleries like Transmission ( www.transmissiongallery.org ) and Mary Mary ( www.marymarygallery.co.uk ) and the ‘culturepreneurs’ at the Modern Institute ( www.themoderninstitute.com ) all punch well above their weight in helping to put Glasgow on the world art map. SWG3 in the city’s Yorkhill district is a multi-discipline arts facility providing studio space to a community of over 120 creative practitioners such as visual artists, curators, photographers, performance artists, musicians and dancers. The building also produces a visual art exhibition programme and a live music and electronic music events programme. www.swg3.tv In 2009 Scottish Ballet - Scotland’s national dance company and a major cultural asset - moved to their new home at Tramway, one of the leading contemporary visual and performing arts venues in Europe. VIEW GALLERY The diversity of Glasgow’s contemporary music scene is also extraordinary. Time Magazine described the city as “Europe’s secret capital of music” while the 2008 edition of Make the Most of Your Time on Earth: A Rough Guide to the World cited that ‘Scotland’s biggest city has an alternative rock pedigree that few can match’. Whether it is music, contemporary visual art or design Glasg",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505199
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The musical Oliver was based on a novel by which author?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Quick 10: 10 Broadway Musicals Based on Books | Mental Floss The Quick 10: 10 Broadway Musicals Based on Books Image credit: Like us on Facebook Broadway in Chicago recently held a conference on the topic of transforming books into Broadway Musicals, partially due to the success of \"Wicked,\" the longest running Broadway Musical in Chicago history. But \"Wicked\" wasn't the first work of literature to be interpreted through song on the stage. Here are ten Broadway musicals based on books. 1. \"Wicked,\" \"the untold story of the witches of Oz,\" is based upon the best-selling novel by Gregory Maguire, which parallels L. Frank Baum's \"The Wizard of Oz.\" The story follows the friendship of Glinda, the good witch, and Elphaba, the Wicked Witch of the West, and what transpired before Dorothy dropped in and started causing trouble. In 2003, \"Wicked\" opened in New York and quickly became a favorite among Broadway buffs, winning three Tony awards. Success birthed tours across the U.S. and productions worldwide. More than three million people have seen this play that imagines the lives of two \"misunderstood\" characters. 2. \"Les Miserables\" is my (and \"American Psycho\" Patrick Bateman's) favorite Broadway Musical of all time! Based on one of my favorite books of all time, the 1862 classic by Victor Hugo, in 2006, \"Les Miserables\" officially became the longest running musical in London's West End history. The original French version of the musical opened in 1980, but soon closed because of budget shortages, even though audiences loved it. In 1985, the Royal Shakespeare Company put on the first English production. Revolving around the themes of revolution and redemption, \"Les Miserables\" has been seen worldwide in dozens of languages. 3. \"The Woman in White,\" written by Wilkie Collins in 1859, was adapted by Andrew Lloyd Weber into a musical in 2004. Original star Michael Crawford, who played the grossly obese Count Fosco, had to be replaced by his understudy when he fell ill from over-sweating in the fat suit. 4. \"Jane Eyre,\" a musical based on the novel by Charlotte Brontë, premiered in Wichita, Kansas, with many locals cast in chorus roles and the main characters performed by Broadway professionals. After the small-stage success, the musical slowly transitioned to the Broadway stage in 2000. \"Jane Eyre\" featured songs about blindness, because at the end of the novel, Mr. Rochester is stricken blind after his estate burns down. 5. I didn't realize this previously, but \"Cats\" was based on a collection of poems by T.S. Eliot titled, \"Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats.\" With music composed by Andrew Lloyd Weber—including the infamous \"Memory\"—the play and Eliot's book of poems are whimsical takes on the psychological and sociological behaviors of anthromorphized cats, including Mr. Mistofoffelees, Skimbleshanks, and Grizabella. When Weber set the poems to music, little did he know \"Cats \" would become the longest running musical in Broadway history, until another of his musicals (based upon a book) ,\"The Phantom of the Opera,\" broke the record. 6. Louisa May Alcott's semi-autobiographical \"Little Women\" got the musical treatment as well. The show went through 55 previews before finally premiering at the Virginia Theatre on Broadway in 2005. Unfortunately, the reviews and reception were not positive and after 137 performances, Marmie, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy sang no more. 7. \"Dracula\" the musical, based on the novel by Bram Stoker, included such song favorites as \"Fresh Blood.\" Composer Frank Wildhorn, generally skewered by the Broadway community, also composed the score for \"Jekyll and Hyde.\" This attempt at a musical Victorian novel was met with disdain as well. Critics found the lyrics \"unoriginal\" and the plot hard to follow for those unfamiliar with Stoker's novel. Only after the musical moved to Austria did it meet critical and commercial success. 8. \"Lord of the Rings,\" J.R.R. Tolkien's classic fantasy series, has been adapted for the stage, complete with songs, several times. Despite being cat",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505200
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which European country consists of a peninsula and many islands including Funen and Zealand?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Denmark – apexvisas.com Login Denmark Denmark is a Scandinavian sovereign state in Northern Europe, with two additional overseas constituent countries also forming integral parts of the kingdom: Greenland and the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic. Continental Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden, with which it is connected by the Oresund Bridge and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland, and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. Denmark has a modern, prosperous and developed mixed market economy, ranking 21st in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) per capita and 10th in nominal GDP per capita. Denmark’s economy stands out as one of the most free in the Index of Economic Freedom and the Economic Freedom of the World. The economy has high levels of international trade and Denmark is known as a free trade advocate in the European Union. Denmark is one of the most competitive economies in the world according to World Economic Forum 2008 report, IMD and The Economist. Support for free trade is high – in a 2007 poll 76% responded that globalisation is a good thing. 70% of trade flows are inside the European Union. Denmark has the 9th highest export per capita in the world. Denmark’s main exports are: industrial production/manufactured goods 73.3% (of which machinery and instruments were 21.4%, and fuels, chemicals, etc. 26%); agricultural products and others for consumption 18.7% (in 2009 meat and meat products were 5.5% of total export; fish and fish products 2.9%).Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a balance of payments surplus while battling an equivalent of approximately 39% of GNP foreign debtor more than 300 billion DKK. Denmark is considered as the World’s happiest country. What’s more, the Net wages rate offered in Denmark are much higher than other European countries and unemployment is at a low 3.5%. While Danish is the official Language, a majority of the people speak English. The country offers free education for children & has low housing cost as well as a low crime rate.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505201
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What is another name for the \"\"Aurora Borealis\"\"?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Aurora borealis Synonyms, Aurora borealis Antonyms | Thesaurus.com Cite This Source Word Origin & History aurora borealis 1620s, \"Northern Lights,\" lit. \"northern dawn,\" said to have been coined by Fr. philosopher Petrus Gassendus (15921655) after a spectacular display seen in France Sept. 2, 1621; see aurora + boreal. In northern Scotland and among sailors, sometimes called the dancers or the merry dancers. Example Sentences for aurora borealis On the whole there has been much less of the aurora borealis lately than at the beginning of our drift. I have it: it's the aurora borealis; nothing worse, nor more dangerous. The aurora borealis painted palpitating color revels on the sky. It was the zodiacal light, an aurora borealis on a scale inconceivable! The month of October this year , seems to have been remarkable for displays of the Aurora Borealis. Ships will cross the polar seas, thawed beneath the Aurora Borealis. The phenomenon which is commonly called Aurora Borealis, is in high latitudes frequently seen to the south. The aurora borealis there is seen in all its native beauty and grandeur. She stood on the balcony and shone as the aurora borealis shines. There was a roar of mighty laughter from the Aurora Borealis.",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505202
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which European city is Las Ramblas?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Barcelona Travel Tips from Rail Europe Enjoy the many outdoor cafes of Barcelona A Surreal Journey into the Capital of Catalan In a word, the capital of Catalonia is surreal. Dreamlike, whimsical, daring. It’s no wonder the likes of Dali, Miró and Gaudi sought to create their works of wonderment here. After the 1992 Olympics, Barcelona went through a rebirth, and is now one of the hottest destinations in all of Europe. Swinging nightlife, sultry beaches, the sound of the language (hint: it’s not Spanish) collides to create a sensuous, sublime city. You might arrive into the Barcelona Franca train station . First built in 1929, it is Barcelona’s most beautiful. With marble, bronze and crystal, the décor, compare to design elements around the rest of the city, is far more traditional and opulent. What makes the station different is that it is made of two buildings surrounding the rail tracks in the shape of a U. Exit the station and be immediately captivated by the city’s energy. Sounds of Spanish guitar echo through the monumental walls of the station, while the aroma of coffee and churros vie for your attention. There’s so much more to Barcelona than La Sagrada Familia, Park Guell and the Joan Miro Museum. When you get off the bus, explore the charming squares, dark passageways of the Gothic Quarter and the beaches, thriving with bombshell Catalonians. And remember to leave your “Spanish” in Madrid . Barcelona will allow you to enjoy a day at the beach in the morning while admiring Gaudi architecture in the afternoon. In the evening, hit up a cava bar to celebrate your surroundings. Cava is the Spanish version of Champagne. Delightful and bubbly, just like the locals. One of the best places in Barcelona to try some is El Xampanet. Operated by the same family since the 1930’s and close to the Picasso Museum, you’ll find marble tables and walls adorned with colorful tiles. For the brave, try the typical, accompanied snack: Anchovies in vinegar. Being in Barcelona will leave you with a smile as stretched as Las Ramblas. While strolling the maze of boulevards, keep a mindful eye on your belongings while playing card games with a street vendor. Located between the Gothic Quarter and El Raval, using a Barcelona Card you can arrive via the Catalunya metro station, one of the city’s oldest and most iconic. Meet an old or new friend in front of Font de Canaletes, a popular gathering spot in the center of it all. From the Barcelona Sants station, you can take off on numerous day trips using RENFE services or perhaps even a quick trip on an AVE high-speed train. The tiny fishing village of Cadaqués, just about two hours away by train to Figueres and taxi/bus to Cadaques has the requisite craggy coastline and vistas that when sundrenched, turn to colors only seen in one’s imagination. Which is probably why many painters came to be inspired, including native son, Salvador Dali. The artist spent his summers here, using the gorgeous backdrop as his inspirational turn to Surrealism. Contributed by: Mick, Rail Europe French Bilingual Staff, studied in France and became a nomad backpacker in Europe. Popular Routes",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505203
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; By what name is the plant 'Atropa bella-donna' more commonly known?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Belladonna Belladonna Great Morel Naughty Man's Cherries The plant commonly known as the belladonna is a medium sized perennial shrub. It can grow from two to six feet in height; it normally bears two or three branches and has a distinct purplish colored stem. The belladonna bears dark green leaves and each individual leaf is about three to ten inches in length from base to tip. The belladonna also gives off distinct bell shaped flowers which are dark purple in color. The belladonna gives out a strong odor when it is crushed or bruised. The belladonna is an extremely poisonous plant and all parts of the plant contain this poison. This herb is also known by the popular name of �deadly nightshade.\" Since the plant is poisonous, using it as a home remedy would be bad judgment indeed. However, despite the very grim reputation that is associated with this herb, the Italians have named the plant belladonna or the \"fair lady\" in Italian - a name by which it is also known universally. This Italian name of the plant came about according to one story, as Italian women in the past used to drop the juice on their eyes so as to enlarge the pupils, thus it was used to enhance the appearance of the eyes - a cosmetic effect that beautified the appearance of the face. Belladonna contains the chemical substance atropine which indeed affects the pupils in the manner described. Even to this day, atropine is used by eye doctors to dilate the pupils during an examination of a patient's retina. Two other valuable substances are found in the belladonna - these are the chemicals scopolamine and hyoscyamine, these, similar to the compound atropine have a sedative action and bring about relaxation in the smooth muscles of the body. Compounds isolated from the belladonna find a wide range of applications individually or in combination to this day, the chemical constituents obtained from the leaves and root form the basic ingredients used in a variety of antispasmodics are very commonly prescribed to treat intestinal diseases i.e. peptic ulcers , persistent diarrhea and an irritable colon among other disorders. Belladonna was recognized as a very poisonous plant even by early Greeks such as Theophrastus, way back in the third century B.C. The term \"the Mandragora of Theophrastus\" was often used to describe the plant. The plant's English name, Dwaule, was a derivative of the Dutch word dwaal, which means �to wander or to be delirious�. The belladonna is a perennial herb, it may be considered to be one of the more important species in the nightshade family of plants. The ancient Greeks gave it the name Atropos, as it was so poisonous, this is the Greek word for inflexible or rigid. The word �atropos� can also be a reference to \"one of three Fates who cut the thread of life\" in Greek mythology. The plant species Atropa belladonna is taxonomically classified in the plant family Solanaceae; this plant family also includes common commercial plants such as the potato , the tobacco and the chili pepper among others. The origin of this species is probably southern Europe and continental Asia, however, the plant is naturalized in many other parts of the world including the new world. The belladonna produces green berries that change to a shiny purplish black color as they ripen. The berries are about the size of the common cherry , however, all are not agreed on the taste of the berries - some say the berry tastes sweet while others say that it tastes bitter. Many people at the same time say that the entire plant possesses a very nauseating odor and they cannot stand the smell. Contemporary scientists and medical clinicians consider the belladonna as a very important plant due to its content of various chemicals . The fact that this species had an active constituent was known to the early Greek physician Dioscorides in the first century itself, however, it took another eighteen hundred years for the potent chemicals in the plant to be �discovered� or recognized. A chemical was isolated from the belladonna in the year 1809; the chemical had by 18",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505204
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who punched her way into the history books in 2012 by becoming the first woman ever to win Olympic gold in boxing ?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The IoS Pink List 2012 | The Independent News The IoS Pink List 2012 Olympic year; an olympic Pink List. More than 1,500 of you voted for the influential lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people who, you feel, make Britain safer, fairer, better and more entertaining. More than 250 nominees' names were run past our panel of judges: two magazine editors, a teacher and LGBT schools adviser, a film maker, a charity CEO, and the Chief Executive of Stonewall. They wrestled with the knotty question of who was most influential in 2012. Not surprisingly, sports people are high on the list. We hope it surprises, amuses, challenges and inspires you. Please let us know what you think Sunday 4 November 2012 00:00 BST Click to follow The IoS Pink List 2012 1/50 1 (new entry) - Nicola Adams Olympian Nicola Adams punched her way into the history books this year, becoming the first woman ever to win an Olympic medal in boxing. Since the 30-year-old flyweight from Leeds floored China’s Ren Cancan to win the gold she has become an inspiring role model for young people in Britain and around the world. Rarely seen without the smile that is now emblazoned on billboards and buses around the country, Adams is modest, hardworking and friendly. Everything, in short, that you would hope from a sporting hero. Adams, who is bisexual, persevered with the sport for more than a decade when representing her country — let alone getting an Olympic medal — was not an option for girls. This year, her talent and charm have won over many of the chauvinists who queued up before the Games to say that putting a woman in the ring was 'unnatural'. 'It's amazing to be on top of a list of such inspiring and influential people,' Adams said. 'Thanks to everyone for their continued support.' PA 2 (4) - Clare Balding Presenter and author Ordinarily, being queen of the Olympics, a best-selling memoirist, champion of women's sport and darling of Twitter would be enough for a number-one slot. We love her, and her partner, Alice Arnold. We hope she'll be chuffed to come second to a London 2012 gold medallist. PA 3 (re-entry) - Peter Tatchell Legend Last year the Pink List committed the unforgivable error of forgetting the veteran campaigner. He forgave us with typical good grace. Director of the Peter Tatchell Foundation, he has tackled neo-Nazis, President Mugabe and the British parliament. Indefatigable, brave and unforgettable. Getty Images 4 (new entry) - Lee Pearson Paralympic equestrian He told The IoS that he prepared for the Paralympic Games with curry, Malibu and Coke, but that didn't stop Pearson from taking home his 10th gold medal from four summer Olympics. At London 2012, the MBE also added a bronze and a silver to his trophy cabinet. Getty Images 5 (new entry) - Carl Hester Olympic equestrian One of the most established dressage riders in the country, Carl Hester worked with Charlotte Dujardin and Laura Bechtolsheimer to win Britain's first Olympic dressage gold in the team event. He also made history as the only Team GB Olympian to be \"out\" at the time of the Games. Getty Images 6 (judge) - Greg Barker Climate-change minister Conservative MP who is defending the interests of the green movement inside DECC against anti-wind farms minister John Hayes. Barker is also chairman of the 2020 group of Tory MPs, who want David Cameron to return to the progressive centre and stand up to the Conservative right. PA 9 (re-entry) - David Laws Cabinet office minister Reinstated to Government in September after being forced to resign over his expenses in 2010, Laws, whose responsibilities include schools policy, attends Cabinet and is close to both Michael Gove and Nick Clegg — making him a key influence on the coalition. AFP/Getty Images 10 (new entry) - Luke Anderson Winner, Big Brother 13 Anderson rose to prominence as a hugely popular winner of Channel 5's Big Brother 13. While in the house, Anderson revealed he had been born a woman and hoped that his appearance on the show \"will help to show trans guys that you can lead a normal life\". 9/50 12 (6) - Evan Davis TV",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505205
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What was the first name of American President Grover Cleveland?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Grover Cleveland - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com Grover Cleveland A+E Networks Introduction Grover Cleveland (1837-1908), who served as the 22nd and 24th U.S. president, was known as a political reformer. He is the only president to date who served two nonconsecutive terms, and also the only Democratic president to win election during the period of Republican domination of the White House that stretched from Abraham Lincoln’s (1809-65) election in 1860 to the end of William Howard Taft’s (1857-1930) term in 1913. Cleveland worked as a lawyer and then served as mayor of Buffalo, New York, and governor of New York state before assuming the presidency in 1885. His record in the Oval Office was mixed. Not regarded as an original thinker, Cleveland considered himself a watchdog over Congress rather than an initiator. In his second term, he angered many of his original supporters and seemed overwhelmed by the Panic of 1893 and the depression that followed. He declined to run for a third term. Google Early Career Stephen Grover Cleveland was born in Caldwell, New Jersey , on March 18, 1837. He was the fifth of nine children of Richard Falley Cleveland (1804-53), a Presbyterian minister, and Anne Neal Cleveland (1806-82). In 1841, the family moved to upstate New York , where Cleveland’s father served several congregations before his death in 1853. Did You Know? Grover Cleveland vetoed twice as many congressional bills as all 21 of the presidents who preceded him combined--414 vetoes in his first term. Cleveland left school following his father’s death and started working in order to help support his family. Unable to afford a college education, he worked as a teacher in a school for the blind in New York City and then as a clerk in a law firm in Buffalo, New York. After clerking for several years, Cleveland passed the state bar examination in 1859. He started his own law firm in 1862. Cleveland did not fight in the American Civil War (1861-65); when the Conscription Act was passed in 1863, he paid a Polish immigrant to serve in his place. Sheriff, Mayor and Governor Cleveland’s first political office was sheriff of Erie County, New York, a position he assumed in 1871. During his two-year term, he carried out the death sentence (by hanging) of three convicted murderers. In 1873, he returned to his law practice. He was persuaded to run for mayor of Buffalo in 1881 as a reformer of a corrupt city government. He won the election and took office in 1882. His reputation as an opponent of machine politics grew so rapidly that he was asked to run as the Democratic candidate for governor of New York. Cleveland became governor in January 1883. He was so opposed to unnecessary government spending that he vetoed eight bills sent up by the legislature in his first two months in office. But while Cleveland was popular with the voters, he made enemies within his own party, particularly the powerful Tammany Hall political machine in New York City. However, he won the respect of New York state assemblyman and future U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) and other reform-minded Republicans. Cleveland was soon regarded as presidential material. First Term in the White House: 1885-89 Cleveland won the Democratic presidential nomination in 1884 in spite of the opposition of Tammany Hall. The 1884 presidential campaign was ugly: Cleveland’s Republican opponent, U.S. Senator James G. Blaine (1830-93) of Maine , was implicated in several financial scandals, while Cleveland was involved in a paternity case in which admitted that he had paid child support in 1874 to a woman who claimed he was the father of her child. In spite of the scandal, Cleveland won the election with the support of the Mugwumps, Republicans who considered Blaine corrupt. Once in office, Cleveland continued the policy of his predecessor, Chester Arthur (1830-86), in basing political appointments on merit rather than party affiliation. He tried to reduce government spending, using the veto more often than any other president up to that point. Cleveland was a noninterventionis",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505206
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In what country did the Olympic Games originate?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Origin and History of the Olympic Games | Go for the Gold Student Activity | Scholastic.com Origin and History of the Olympic Games Origin and History of the Olympic Games From Grolier Online’s New Book of Knowledge The Rise of the Games The Olympic Games originated long ago in ancient Greece. Exactly when the Games were first held and what circumstances led to their creation is uncertain. We do know, however, that the Games were a direct outgrowth of the values and beliefs of Greek society. The Greeks idealized physical fitness and mental discipline, and they believed that excellence in those areas honored Zeus, the greatest of all their gods. One legend about the origin of the Olympic Games revolves around Zeus. It was said Zeus once fought his father, Kronos, for control of the world. They battled atop a mountain that overlooked a valley in southwestern Greece. After Zeus defeated his father, a temple and immense statue were built in the valley below to honor him. This valley was called Olympia, and soon religious festivals developed there as people came to worship Zeus and to approach as nearly as possible his great strength. It is believed that these religious festivals eventually led to the famed Games of the Olympics. Although we do not know just when the Games were first played, the earliest recorded Olympic competition occurred in 776 B.C. It had only one event, the one-stade (approximately 630-foot or 192-meter) race, which was won by a cook named Coroebus. This was the start of the first Olympiad, the four-year period by which the Greeks recorded their history. Athletic competition became so important to the Greeks that the Olympic festivals were a peaceful influence on the warlike city-states. Sparta was famous for the strict military training of its citizens. But it would wait until the Games were over before sending fighters into battle. Other cities followed this example. For the first 13 Olympic Games, the only event was the one-stade run. But over the years, new sports were added to the Games. The hoplitodrome, for instance, was a footrace the athletes ran wearing full armor. The pentathlon, in which the athletes competed in five events (jumping, javelin, sprint, discus, and wrestling) was added to the Games in 708 B.C. The pancration was introduced in 648 B.C. This brutal sport had no rules and combined boxing and wrestling. A winner was named only when one man raised his hand in defeat or lay unconscious on the ground. In addition to the pre-existing religious shrines and altars, a vast complex of buildings and structures was constructed at Olympia to accommodate the growing number of sports and athletes. Chariot races, first run in 680 B.C. , were held in the hippodrome. Boxers and wrestlers trained in the Palaestra, which was adjacent to the gymnasium. The Leonidaion housed the athletes. Generally, only freeborn men and boys could take part in the Olympic Games (servants and slaves were allowed to participate only in the horse races). Women were forbidden, on penalty of death, even to see the Games. In 396 B.C. , however, a woman from Rhodes successfully defied the death penalty. When her husband died, she continued the training of their son, a boxer. She attended the Games disguised as a man and was not recognized until she shouted with joy over her son's victory. Her life was spared because of the special circumstances and the fact that her father and brothers had been Olympians. At first, the Games were strictly for Greek citizens. Eventually, however, athletes from all over the Roman Empire (which covered the entire Mediterranean region) were permitted to participate. All athletes were required to take an oath that they would observe all the rules and standards. In spite of the luxurious facilities offered to athletes, all had to remain amateurs. That is, they had to pay their own expenses, and they could receive no monetary awards. Winners of the Games were crowned with wreaths of olive leaves and hailed as heroes. They were showered with material gifts, and sometimes a special entrance was cut",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505207
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What term is used to describe the practice of delaying or obstructing legislation by means of prolonged speeches, motions or amendments?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Political science test Flashcards - Course Hero maximizes political participation clientelism aka patron-client relationships . involves a political org, such as a party,that dispenses benefits of favors in return for votes or some other form of support. Beltway insiders Person living in Washington metropolitan area who is engaged in, or well informed about, national politics and government Nationalists Constitutional reformers led by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton who sought to replace the Articles of Confederation. Opposed at the Constitutional Convention (1787) by states’ rights proponents, they favored a strong national legislature elected directly by the citizenry rather than the states and a national government that could veto any state laws it deemed unfit Napoleaonic Wars emergence of "total war" & mobilization of society; creation of european balance Ends because of revolution the basic organizational unit of federal government. Also known as office or bureau pragmatism character or conduct that emphasizes practicality. 22nd Amendment Regarding presidential terms it would be possible for a president to serve two full four-year terms after having assumed the Presidency by means other than election for a duration of up to two years. Cloture 3/5ths majority required for max of thirty hours of debate before vote taken modern conservatism response to the modern socialist welfare state. Sees a limited role in the state. individuals have preferences, and they act to achieve the best possible outcome rational choice Seeks more general explanations and longer-term, more indirect causes Bicameralism is an institution that has two legislative branches. This makes both institutions powerful. created the present civil service system Pendelton Act Appropriation The passage, by congress, of a spending bill specifying the amt. of authorizing funds that actually will be allocated for an agency's use. Bretton Wood System ii. Bretton Woods system: Free-trade economic regime headed by the US following the war 1. Got name from conference in Bretton Woods, NH in 1944 – countries devising a post-war economic plan to avoid the problems faces in the 1920s and 1930s a. GATT – treaty signed by the US that says that we are going to limit our protectionist policies b. IMF – monitor states and their monetary policies. Take their currency and tack it to the US dollar. IOTDT, states had to not engage in bad monetary policies (couldn’t print out more money, etc…) i. The Bretton Wood system was so successful, that in 20 years under the free trade regime, Japan and Germany, both were in the top five economies of the world 1. By 1960s, US had to pull out of the fixed exchange rate because the Europeans had been so successful honeymoon the first several months of a presidency, when reporters are more forgiving than usual, Congress is more inclined to be cooperative, and the public is more receptive to new approaches depravity the state of being corrupted or abused Political Actors senator, mayor, managers. low levels of support. Strict scrutiny A heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice. Political Science the study of power, politics, and government 1st amendment guarantees the right of freedom of speech and assembly Grants-in-Aid Funds given by Congress to state or local governments for a specific purpose Public goods are benefits that you can enjoy without contributing to them. * With programs like AARP, people may still receive benefits depending on what AARP's goal is for the country. And they may receive these benefits without signing up for AARP* private goods benefits or services over which the owner has full control of their use Monetary Policy A world currency created by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to replace gold as a world standard. Valued by a \"basket\" if batuibak currencies, the SDR has been called \"paper gold\" Oxfam America A private charitable group that works with local third world",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505208
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which history professor founded UKIP in September 1993?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Ukip founder: Nigel Farage's influence means the party 'won't win a seat' in the general election | The Independent Ukip founder: Nigel Farage's influence means the party 'won't win a seat' in the general election Dr Alan Sked accused Ukip of being 'obsessed' with immigration Friday 16 January 2015 15:05 BST Click to follow Indy Politics Dr Alan Sked claimed a 'cult of Farage' will damage Ukip's prospects Getty Images Ukip’s founder has dismissed its chances of returning a single MP to Westminster in May, claiming the party is full of far-right sympathisers led by someone who is “obsessed” with immigration and defends racist behaviour. Dr Alan Sked said the party he established in 1993 was dominated by “the cult of Farage” whose stranglehold over Ukip would sink many potential MPs’ chances of ever taking seats in the House of Commons. Dr Sked, Professor of International History at LSE, who led Ukip between 1993-97 before falling out with Farage and leaving the party, said: “Given the first past the post system, if they win 15 per cent nationwide Ukip will not get a single seat because you need at least 20 per cent to get in. In pictures: The rise of Ukip In pictures: The rise of Ukip 1/8 1993: Alan Sked forms Ukip History professor Alan Sked had been active in anti-EU politics for a while beore he founded Ukip in 1993. He resigned from the party after the 1997 election, concerned that it was attracting far-right members, and has been critical of Ukip since. Picture: Reuters Reuters 2/8 2005: Kilroy defects Former TV presenter Robert Kilroy-Silk founded Veritas in 2005, after a failed bid to become leader, and took many of Ukip's elected members with him. But the party slowly lost its popularity and didn't put forward any candidates in the last election. Picture: REUTERS/Kieran Doherty REUTERS KD/RUS 3/8 2010: Farage becomes leader, again Farage had led Ukip from 2006 until 2009, when he stood down to fight against the Speaker, John Bercow, for his Buckingham seat. He failed to win the election and returned to lead the party in November 2010. Picture: REUTERS/Kieran Doherty REUTERS/Kieran Doherty 4/8 2010: Ukip fights for election Nigel Farage was injured in a plane crash on polling day in the 2010 general election, but his party increased its success in the votes. It fielded 572 candidates and took 3.1% of the vote, though failed to win any seats. REUTERS/Darren Staples REUTERS/Darren Staples 5/8 2013: Eastleigh gains Ukip's candidate Diane James got the highest ever number of votes for any candidate from the party, but was beaten by the Liberal Democrats. The surge in support gave Ukip confidence ahead of local and European elections later in the year. Picture: Reuters 6/8 2013: Bloom kicked out Godfrey Bloom, who served as an Ukip MEP from 2004 to 2014, had the whip withdrawn in 2013 after sexist comments and an attack on a journalist. He sat as an independent MEP until 2014, when he ended his term in office. Picture: REUTERS/Luke MacGregor 7/8 2014: European election success Ukip got a higher proportion of the vote than any other party in 2014's European elections, adding 11 new MEPs and taking its total to 24. REUTERS/Luke MacGregor 8/8 2014: Carswell defects Douglas Carswell defected from Ukip at the end of August, and was followed by Mark Reckless at the end of September, who resigned from the Tories amid rumours of many more defections to come. Picture: REUTERS/Toby Melville “My great whinge about Ukip is not just their racism and their lurch to the far-right but to lots of people in the country they are simply toxic and wouldn’t touch them with a barge pole. If Farage dominates and monopolises the UK campaign then he will sink it, because there are lots of people who might be anti-EU but wouldn’t vote Ukip. “In 2010, while we’re in the midst of an enormous economic crisis, Ukip’s manifesto could be summed up as ‘ban the burqa’. Then, of course, Farage said the whole manifesto was ‘sheer drivel’ but he’s been speaking drivel ever since.” Dr Sked said Ukip under Mr Farage had transformed itself into something unr",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505209
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who played Ian Dury in Sex and Drugs and Rock n’ Roll?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Amazon.com: sex & drugs & rock & roll (Tribeca Festival Premiere): Andy Serkis, Olivia Williams, Mat Whitecross: Amazon Digital Services LLC By Eric Sanber on January 29, 2011 Format: DVD I can't say as I remember this being released in the cinemas, so it sure took me by surprise seeing it on DVD. This is one heck of a romp. I knew a bit about Ian Dury but not much. I knew the songs of his that managed to garner some air time and I knew he was afflicted with polio as a boy, but that's about the extent of it. Watching this movie was like walking into Ian Dury World. What an unbelievably colorful character. And what a great way to present him in a movie. I'd seen \"Ray\" and \"I Walk the Line\" and I enjoyed them enough, but they look entirely pedestrian compared to this. Here is a movie about a rock star and it contains very little footage of him making, recording or performing music. It's about him. Who he is, how he thinks, his bad sides and good sides. He's bright and imaginative and he's almost always \"on.\" It occurred to me that he wasn't really a musician at all but an artist that expressed himself through music. They make note of the fact that he always needed someone in the band to help him write tunes. The movie itself is a hoot. It captures the time perfectly. It's goofy and adventurous, with a lot of funny, wild 'sign of the times' nuances in art, fashion and.......music. The performances are generally good as well. Olivia Williams is gorgeous as ever and turns in a fine performance as Dury's wife. Naomie Harris is good as the girlfriend. But the shining star is Andy Serkis. He steals the show. I liked his portrayal so much I wanted to call him up and have a beer with him. There is nothing I didn't like about this movie. It's a wild and fresh approach to the genre and could probably be enjoyed by someone who doesn't even know who Ian Dury is. The production values are good. Read more ›",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505210
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which European capital city is the Amalienborg Palace the main royal residence?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen, | Expedia Amalienborg Palace Amalienborg Palace, current page Previous image, 12 total items. Next image, 12 total items. Amalienborg Palace See the changing of the guard or peek inside two of the four identical estates where the Danish Royal family officially resides. A trip to Amalienborg Palace is a must for those who are curious to see how the Danish royals live. Enjoy the chance to see the interior of the grand palace and browse the museum to learn the history of the successive kings and Denmark’s first queen. Kids will likely be impressed by the daily ceremony for the changing of the guard. Amalienborg was never intended to become the home of the royal family. When construction began in 1750, the complex was designed to be the home of nobles. A fire at the royal palace forced the royal family out and Amalienborg was purchased. The four palaces have been the main residence of the queen of Denmark, Margrethe II, for over 40 years. While in Copenhagen, you will regularly see the Danish Royal Guard marching through the city streets. Each morning they make their way from Rosenborg Castle to perform the changing of the guard here. Arrive early to get the best spot, or find a café en route to relax and watch the guards pass by. Enjoy the sounds of the Royal Guards’ band accompanying the change while the queen is in residence. Look for the large statue of King Frederick V between the four identical palaces. It is said to be one of the most notable examples of equestrian statues in the world. The buildings are fine examples of Danish rococo architecture. Two are open to the public: Christian VIII’s palace houses a royal museum, while Christian VII’s palace is used for receiving dignitaries. Visit the palace museum to see historic artifacts, paintings and documents. Almost 400 years of royal history is documented. Take advantage of this rare opportunity to see the inside of an active royal residence. Walk between the rooms of the palace as you admire the ornate interior architecture. Amalienborg Palace is located near the waterfront north of the center of Copenhagen and is best reached on foot or by bike. It is closed Mondays during the winter months; however, the changing of the guard takes place daily without fail. An admission fee applies. Explore More of Copenhagen",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505211
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Which country's national airline is called Garuda?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "The Airline of Indonesia - Garuda Indonesia Check In Terms & Conditions Web Check-In <Important> One PNR allow only one WEB-check in, so if the PNR consists of more than one passengers, all passengers should be checked in at one time, otherwise rest of passenger could not do WEB check in, only at airport. Internet Check-in service is available from 24 hours to 4 hours before departure, except for departure city of Jakarta (CGK) to domestic flight destination, internet check in is available from 24 hours to 2 hours before departure. Online Check-in is not available for the following passengers: Passengers without purchased e-ticket For infants under 2 years old not occupying a seat Passengers who need special assistance at the airport e.g.) customer with pregnant condition, children aged less than 12 years old who travel alone, Unaccompanied Minor (UM), require a wheelchair, stretcher case, or other special handling in airport. Group booking (Passenger booked with more than 9 pax in 1 PNR) You are being assigned with your seat by default but you may change your seat preference by Internet Check-in. For international flights, please report your Internet Boarding Passes (both of PDF boarding pass and mobile QR barcode boarding pass) first to the Airport Check-in Counter before Boarding. For international flights, please make sure that you have your Passport with the validity minimum six month from date of travel and other valid travel documents e.g.) Visa document required for the trip and present them to the Garuda Indonesia check-in counter at the Airport. Boarding gate number and seat number may be changed without notice for reasons such as the circumstances at the airport on the day of the flight, or a change of airplanes. Please check the airport information display system after arriving at the Airport. If you fail to complete the Internet Check-in procedure due to a technical problem, such as a printer or system error, please refer to the instructions on the page, and complete the boarding procedure at a Airport Check-in Counter. Information: For use of the service, please present the e-ticket with confirmed reservation. For prompt customs and immigration procedures, please bring your passport and fill in your passport information in internet check-in process. Passengers with connecting flight, Check-in only can be done sequentially. Please arrive early for quarantine and security checks. Please complete the check-in procedure at the Airport Counter at least 60 minutes before departure for domestic flights, and 90 minutes before departure for international flights. Carry-on baggage should be limited to one piece, must not weigh more than 7 kg (both of Economy and Business Class), with a maximum size of length 56 cm, width 23 cm, and height 36 cm (for CRJ and ATR Aircraft type maximum size of length 41 cm, width 17 cm, and height 34 cm). Ensure you are not carried any valuable items in your checked baggage For safety and security of our passengers, crews and aircraft ensure you are not carried any dangerous goods items in your carry-on and checked baggage. Please click here for baggage restrictions information details Please make sure that the baggage are you belonging, packed by you, and under your supervision. Check-in at the Airport close 45 minutes to international departure, and 30 minutes to domestic departure. For flights depart from Terminal 3 Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, check-in counter is closed 45 minutes prior to scheduled departure time. Boarding Gate open 120 minutes to departure and Aircraft door close 10 minutes to departure. Passengers who make cancellation have to report to Check-in counter or Garuda Indonesia Call Center. For further information please contact Garuda Indonesia Call Center at 0804-1-807-807 (within Indonesia region only) or +62-21-2351 9999 I have read Online Check-in notice and information Check My Flight",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505212
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; On an Ordinance Survey map what is indicated by a red triangle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Symbols Symbols Find information, photos & videos by location. Add your photos, text, videos, etc. to this page. Maps include specific symbols, icons and small pictures to show the location of particular things, such as post offices, picnic tables, golf courses and more. Symbols are explained in the legend of your map. Who do you think would most need to look for symbols to show where youth hostels, parking facilites and scenic view points etc. are to be found? There are lots of different symbols that appear on Ordnance Survey maps. These include symbols for tourists (hostels, picnic tables) symbols for services (post office, phone box) symbols for sports (golf, sailing...) While symbols don't tell you about the shape of the land or how to get from A to B, they help to give some idea of what you'll find when you get there. Roll over the symbols to see what they represent Roll over the symbols to see what they represent Symbols for Tourists Many symbols on maps show facilities and points of interest for tourists. A car park is shown by a 'P' in a blue square. A hostel is shown by a red triangle A tourist office or infomation point is shown by an 'i' in blue or green square A campsite is shown by a tent or a caravan A beauty spot or viewpoint is shown by a collection of blue rays. General Symbols",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505213
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What playing card was introduced by US players in the 1860's as the ultimate trump card (the best bower) in the game of Euchre?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "joker | playing card | Britannica.com playing card THIS IS A DIRECTORY PAGE. Britannica does not currently have an article on this topic. The joker, who symbolizes the practical jokes associated with April Fools’ Day. PhotoObjects.net/Jupiterimages Learn about this topic in these articles: in euchre ...Alsatian game called juckerspiel from the fact that its two top trumps are Jucker, meaning “jack.” This word may also have influenced the choice of the term joker for the extra card introduced into American euchre in the 1860s to act as the “best bower,” or topmost trump; bower is from German ... in playing card: Jokers Standard decks normally contain two or more additional cards, designated jokers, each depicting a traditional court jester. Few games employ them, and those that do use them in different ways. In rummy games, such as canasta, they are “wild” and may be used to represent any desired “natural” card. The joker was originally invented (though not under that name) to serve as... in president (card game): Game play Two jokers, if available, rank as the highest cards, and one outranks the other if they are distinguishable. (For example, black joker beats red joker.) Second highest are the 2s, which, like jokers, may also be used as wild cards to a limited extent. These are then followed downward by A, K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3 in each suit. There is no trump suit, and no suit outranks any other...",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505214
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In mathematics, what is the name for the following sequence of numbers: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765 ...",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Fibonacci Sequence Fibonacci Sequence The Fibonacci Sequence is the series of numbers: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ... The next number is found by adding up the two numbers before it. The 2 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+1) The 3 is found by adding the two numbers before it (1+2), And the 5 is (2+3), and so on! Example: the next number in the sequence above is 21+34 = 55 It is that simple! Here is a longer list: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657, 46368, 75025, 121393, 196418, 317811, ... Can you figure out the next few numbers? Makes A Spiral When we make squares with those widths, we get a nice spiral: Do you see how the squares fit neatly together? For example 5 and 8 make 13, 8 and 13 make 21, and so on. The Rule The Fibonacci Sequence can be written as a \"Rule\" (see Sequences and Series ). First, the terms are numbered from 0 onwards like this: n = 8 ... (Prove to yourself that each number is found by adding up the two numbers before it!) In fact the sequence below zero has the same numbers as the sequence above zero, except they follow a +-+- ... pattern. It can be written like this: x−n = (−1)n+1 xn Which says that term \"-n\" is equal to (−1)n+1 times term \"n\", and the value (−1)n+1 neatly makes the correct 1,-1,1,-1,... pattern. History Fibonacci was not the first to know about the sequence, it was known in India hundreds of years before! About Fibonacci The Man His real name was Leonardo Pisano Bogollo, and he lived between 1170 and 1250 in Italy. \"Fibonacci\" was his nickname, which roughly means \"Son of Bonacci\". As well as being famous for the Fibonacci Sequence, he helped spread Hindu-Arabic Numerals (like our present numbers 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) through Europe in place of Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, etc). That has saved us all a lot of trouble! Thank you Leonardo. Fibonacci Day Fibonacci Day is November 23rd, as it has the digits \"1, 1, 2, 3\" which is part of the sequence. So next Nov 23 let everyone know!",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505215
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; What is the name of the now decommissioned nuclear power plant in Caithness?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Caithness - Power Technology Decontamination building at Dounreay. Caithness, United Kingdom All of the nuclear reactors at Dounreay at Caithness, Scotland, have closed and the plant is being decommissioned. The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) took ownership in April 2005, with United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) still in charge of operations. The rest of the decommissioning will cost around $3bn to take Dounreay to a brownfield site by 2033. The timescale for the decommissioning of the Dounreay nuclear plant will be lengthy, and has been viewed as an opportunity to consolidate the region's industrial base and provide job stability in the area. The project is seen as an opportunity to develop a highly skilled industry which will then be capable of tackling the growing nuclear decommissioning and decontamination (D&D) market which is set to grow across the world. Overall, the cost of the decommissioning work, along with waste management, is currently running at between £90 and £110m each year. By the time it is completed, it has been estimated that the total amount spent will have reached £4.5bn. DOUNREAY FAST REACTORS The Dounreay site was opened in 1955 to develop fast reactors. Three reactors were built on the site, the Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR), Prototype Fast Reactor (PFR) and the Dounreay Materials Test Reactor (DMTR). All three are now closed. The core programme of work on the site now comprises the decommissioning of the PFR and DFR and the reprocessing of the PFR fuel. The site is 135 acres and approximately 1,200 people work at Dounreay. MANAGING DECOMMISSIONING Dounreay's nuclear waste management was generally poor. The UKAEA admitted in court in 2007 that it had for 12 years until 1975 disposed of radioactive waste at a landfill site in the plant, and allowed nuclear fuel particles to flow into the sea. The Dounreay strategy for managing decommissioning of the PFR requires the installation of a new, shielded dissolver in the Dounreay Fast Reactor Reprocessing Plant, for a limited campaign to reprocess only the irradiated PFR and suitable committed commercial fuels. REPROCESSING AT DOUNREAY Unirradiated PFR core fuel and residues are also to be reprocessed at Dounreay. Two options are available: processing could take place through the existing residue recovery plant; alternatively, the unirradiated fuel could be treated after the irradiated fuel in the new dissolver. The choice between these two options will depend on the balance of costs between necessary upgrades to the residue recovery plant, and operational and technical constraints in routing both irradiated and unirradiated fuel through the same, new dissolver. Reprocessing separates plutonium and uranium (as nitrates), and produces small quantities of liquid high level waste (HLW). Under the Dounreay strategy, the natural and depleted uranium separated from both irradiated and unirradiated PFR fuel would be processed through Dounreay's uranium conversion plant and stored for re-use or eventual disposal. The HLW would be added to Dounreay's existing HLW storage tanks, for eventual vitrification to make it suitable for disposal in a national HLW repository or for indefinite surface storage. \"Dounreay's nuclear waste management was generally poor.\" The plutonium nitrate would be converted to plutonium oxide – the standard form of plutonium for storage in the UK – in a new denitration plant at Dounreay. The plutonium oxide would then be transported to Sellafield for long-term storage by BNFL on behalf of UKAEA. The plutonium would remain in UKAEA ownership, and decisions on its ultimate disposition would be for UKAEA. However, it is likely that such decisions could follow the same route as the larger stocks of plutonium owned by BNFL. A website on the Caithness community gives its history and many past and present photographs of the site: www.caithness.org/ Share",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505216
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; The dish gumbo originated in which US state?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "A Short History of Gumbo – Southern Foodways Alliance A Short History of Gumbo A Short History of Gumbo A SHORT HISTORY OF GUMBO by Stanley Dry Of all the dishes in the realm of Louisiana cooking, gumbo is the most famous and, very likely, the most popular. Gumbo crosses all class barriers, appearing on the tables of the poor as well as the wealthy. Although ingredients might vary greatly from one cook to the next, and from one part of the state to another, a steaming bowl of fragrant gumbo is one of life’s cherished pleasures, as emblematic of Louisiana as chili is of Texas. Gumbo is often cited as an example of the melting-pot nature of Louisiana cooking, but trying to sort out the origins and evolution of the dish is highly speculative. The name derives from a West African word for okra, suggesting that gumbo was originally made with okra. The use of filé (dried and ground sassafras leaves) was a contribution of the Choctaws and, possibly, other local tribes. Roux has its origin in French cuisine, although the roux used in gumbos is much darker than its Gallic cousins. Dr. Carl A. Brasseaux, of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, who has written the definitive history of the Cajuns, found that the first documented references to gumbo appeared around the turn of the 19th century. In 1803, gumbo was served at a gubernatorial reception in New Orleans, and in 1804 gumbo was served at aCajun gathering on the Acadian Coast. Today, the gumbos people are most familiar with are seafood gumbo and chicken and sausage gumbo. But that merely scratches the surface of gumbo cookery, both historical and contemporary. Lafcadio Hearn’s La Cuisine Creole, published in 1885, contains recipes for several gumbos made from a variety of ingredients—chicken, ham, bacon, oysters, crab, shrimp, and beef, among them. Some of the recipes are made with okra, others with filé. Although there is no mention of a roux in any of the recipes, some of them call for the addition of flour or browned flour as a thickener. The Creole Cookery Book, published by the Christian Woman’s Exchange of New Orleans in 1885, calls gumbo making an “occult science” that “should be allowed its proper place in the gastronomical world.” A New Orleans gumbo, the book maintains, “can be made of scraps of cold meat or fowl, a few oysters, crabs or shrimps, and, with a couple of spoonfuls of well cooked rice, is a very satisfying and economical dinner.” The editors include several recipes for gumbo, one of which incorporates filé (spelled “fillet” in the book). Some of the recipes are made with various greens and herbs, but, curiously, there is no mention of okra as a gumbo ingredient, although the book includes three recipes for okra soup. The Picayune’s Creole Cookbook, published in New Orleans in 1901, includes recipes for a variety of gumbos. Among the principal ingredients are chicken, ham, oysters, turkey, wild turkey, squirrel, rabbit, beef, veal, crabs, soft-shell crabs, shrimp, greens, and cabbage. Some of the gumbos are made with okra, others with filé. Traditionally, gumbos have been divided into two large categories—those thickened with okra and those thickened with filé. According to some accounts, before the advent of refrigeration and freezers, okra was the preferred thickening agent for gumbo, while filé was a substitute used only in the off-season when okra wasn’t available. That sounds plausible, but I’ve also come across references to dried okra as an ingredient in 19th-century gumbos. By drying okra, cooks could use it in their gumbos year round. In some respects, putting gumbo into either an okra or a filé category is still valid, but for many cooks, a brown roux is the only thickener, and filé has virtually disappeared from their recipes. Often roux-based gumbos do incorporate filé, and to my taste they are the better for it. Filé is used both for thickening and for flavor. It is usually added to a gumbo just before serving, or at the table. Many okra gumbos also incorporate a brown roux and some roux-based gumbo contain a small amount of okra, often",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505217
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; How many vowels are in the English alphabet?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Gretchen McCulloch How many vowels does English have? Five, right? A, E, I, O, U. Oh, and sometimes Y. So, six? Actually, English has at least 14 different vowel sounds and, depending on the speaker and dialect , maybe more than 20. What do I mean by this? Well, if we're talking about spelling, then, yeah, our alphabet has six vowels (maybe seven or eight if you count æ and œ as a single letters in words like archæology and fœtus). But spelling is just the representation of a vowel; even if a language has no written alphabet, it still has vowels. So then, what is a vowel? Advertisement We can think about whether a sound is or isn't a vowel in two ways: the production of the sound and the perception of the sound. Let's take a look at both of these options. How do you say a vowel? Try saying the word \"snip\". Now say it again, slowly, focusing on what your mouth and throat and tongue are doing as you go from s to n to i to p. snip. When you make a consonant sound, you create a blockage or a point of turbulence in the airflow, somewhere between your vocal cords (or vocal folds) and your lips. Where and how this blockage and turbulence happens is what distinguishes one consonant from another (/s/ creates turbulence at the roof of your mouth, just behind your teeth; /n/ is made at the same place, but the air comes out your nose instead). Vowels, however, are sounds that don't have any blockage or turbulence in the airflow at all. An easy rule of thumb is that a vowel is any sound you can hold while singing ( like Whitney Houston ) and everything else is a consonant. But what distinguishes one vowel from another? Advertisement As a young Isaac Newton noticed in 1665, when you pour beer into a narrow glass, the changing volume makes a series of sounds much like vowels (\"the filling of a very deepe flagon with a constant streame of beere or water sounds the vowels in this order w, u, ɷ, o, a, e, i, y\"). Think of your mouth and throat as an empty tube (or flagon!)— the shape and volume of the tube determines what kind of sound it will make, kind of like how a trombone makes different musical notes as you move the slide. You can't slide your mouth-tube, but you can change its shape by opening or closing your jaw, moving your tongue, and rounding your lips. If you fill your stomach with beer, on the other hand, you may find yourself making sounds of a rather different variety. DS Bigham One problem with this phonetic definition of vowels is that it doesn't exclude sounds like \"l,\" \"w,\" \"y,\" or most versions of the American English \"r\" sound, like in the word squirrel. All of these sounds are also made with open airflow, just like vowels. How do you hear a vowel? But vowels aren't just things we produce, they're also ideals we perceive as part of a language's general system of sounds, or phonology. In phonological terms, one way to distinguish between a consonant and a vowel in English is that a consonant can come before a vowel in the same syllable whereas another vowel can't. So, in a word like yes, the \"y\" sound at the beginning, even though it doesn't create blockage or turbulence, is followed by a vowel \"e\" that we perceive as belonging to the same syllable, so \"y\" must be a consonant. Similarly, in a word like wood, the \"w\"—even though it's produced in exactly the same way as the following \"oo\"—is considered a consonant because we hear it as the beginning part of the same syllable as the vowel \"oo.\" Advertisement Sometimes we do get two vowel sounds in a single syllable, but we perceive these as a single sound, which we call a diphthong (two=di, sound=phthong), like in the words \"choice\", \"mouth\", and \"price\". If you say the vowels in these words very slowly, you can feel your mouth move from the first part of the diphthong to the second. But even with the phonological definition of vowel-ness, there's still no way to exclude the American English /r/ sound, which is clearly what the syllable is being built around in words like \"fur\" or \"her\" or \"bird\" (and \"squirrel\"— perhaps that’s why it's so tricky for German speakers ). B",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505218
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Taking her stage name from a Queen song, what singer was born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta in 1986?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), Количество слайдов: 10 Описание презентации Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), по слайдам Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (born March 28, 1986), better known by her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American pop singer-songwriter. After enrolling at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts in 2003 and later performing in the rock music scene of New York City’s Lower East Side, she signed with Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records. During her early time at Interscope, she worked as a songwriter for fellow label artists and captured the attention of recording artist Akon who, recognizing her vocal abilities, signed her to his own label, Kon Live Distribution. Lady Gaga Gaga came to prominence following the release of her debut studio album The Fame (2008), which was a critical and commercial success and achieved international popularity with the singles «Just Dance» and «Poker Face». The album reached number one on the record charts of six countries, topped the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart while simultaneously peaking at number two on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States and accomplished positions within the top ten worldwide. Achieving similar worldwide success The Fame Monster (2009), its follow-up, produced a further three global chart-topping singles «Bad Romance», «Telephone» and «Alejandro» and allowed her to embark on her second global concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, just months after having finished her first, The Fame Ball Tour. The Fame Monster Her second studio album Born This Way (2011) topped the charts in all major musical markets after the arrival of its singles «Born This Way», «Judas» and «The Edge of Glory»—the first-mentioned achieved the number-one spot in countries worldwide and was the fastest-selling single in the history of i. Tunes, selling one million copies in five days. [3]Influenced by glam rock singers such as David Bowie and Freddie Mercury, as well as dance-pop artists like Madonna and Michael Jackson, Gaga is well-recognized for her outré and ever-changing sense of style in music, in fashion, in performance and in her music videos. Her contributions to the music industry have accrued her numerous achievements such as five Grammy Awards—among twelve nominations—and four Guinness World Records. [ Gaga has sold an estimated 25 million albums and 70 million singles, making her one of the best-selling music artists worldwide. [6] In the United States, she is among the best-selling digital artists, selling an estimated 29. 3 million digital singles over the course of her career. [7] In 2010, Billboard named her the Artist of the Year, and ranked her as the seventy-third best artist of the 2000 s decade. [8][9] Gaga has been included in the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes’ annual lists. [10] Musical style and influences A 30 -second sample of Lady Gaga’s «Just Dance» featuring the chorus sung by Lady Gaga and Colby O’Donis in the range of B 3 to C♯, backed by a synth marching beat. The song became her first international hit single. Problems listening to this file? See media help. Gaga has been mainly influenced by glam rock singers such as David Bowie and Freddie Mercury, as well as dance-pop artists such as Madonna and Michael Jackson. [36] [119] The Queen song «Radio Ga Ga» inspired her stage name, «Lady Gaga». [25] [120] She commented: «I adored Freddie Mercury and Queen had a hit called ‘Radio Gaga’. That’s why I love the name [. . . ] Freddie was unique—one of the biggest personalities in the whole of pop music. «[119] Gaga has also a lot of comparison to Madonna. She stated: «there is really no one that is a more adoring and loving Madonna fan than me. I am the hugest fan personally and professionally. « Gaga’s other musical inspirations include Whitney Houston, Britney Spears, Grace Jones and Blondie singer Debbie Harry. [122] In an in",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505219
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; In which English county is Peckforton Castle?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Peckforton Castle (Tarporley, Cheshire, UK) - UPDATED 2017 Reviews - TripAdvisor Banquet Room Official Description (provided by the hotel) Welcome to Peckforton Castle - An enchanting Hotel in the heart of Cheshire. Rising majestically above the Cheshire landscape, the castle is both enigmatic and enchanting. Originally the home of Lord Tollemache and built in the early 19th Century, this Grade I listed building is the only intact medieval style Castle in the country. Over the years the castle has been the location for numerous movies including Robin Hood and Dr Who. Now owned by the Naylor family, the stunning exterior has been complemented by a loving and considered restoration programme resulting in a magnificent hotel and venue offering contemporary luxury and impeccable service. Services include 48 stunning individual guest rooms, conference, events, and wedding facilities for up to 180. Tranquility beauty, on site Falconry and team activities all adding up to a rather magical experience. Dining at the Castle truly is a special occasion, welcoming the public as well as hotel guests. The 1851 Restaurant offers a dining experience fit for royalty. Holder of 3 AA Rosettes and a Taste Cheshire Award. Alternatively the more informal and cosmopolitan 2010 Brasserie, located in the former scullery of the castle, features many of the amazing features of the original scullery including two cast iron cooking ranges dating back to the 1840's. Peckforton Castle's enchanting medieval style beauty and stunning location make it a truly impressive and desirable venue for weddings, christenings, birthday parties, or just about anything that's worth celebrating. Everything plays a part; the fabulous setting, stunning location, the attentive service and smiling faces, the bespoke menus and decorations. A magnificent venue for conferencing and meetings. Within the medieval walls, old and new combine seamlessly to offer state of the art multi media and conference facilities. Captivating on arrival, Peckforton Castle's unspoilt, natural beauty will stimulate and motivate, delight the eye, inspire the mind, tantalise the taste buds and leave you enchanted. ... more less Additional Information about Peckforton Castle Address: Stone House Lane, Tarporley CW6 9TN, England Location: United Kingdom > England > Cheshire > Tarporley Price Range: $175 - $241 (Based on Average Rates for a Standard Room) Hotel Class:4 star — Peckforton Castle 4* Number of rooms: 47 Reservation Options: TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Travelocity and LateRooms so you can book your Peckforton Castle reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers. Also Known As:",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505220
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; From which country does Fynbo cheese come?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Where Does Swiss Cheese Come From? Where Does Swiss Cheese Come From? 2008.12.15 | Filed Under: The World 1 Comment We use the term Swiss cheese for a certain kind of cheese with holes in it. In other countries, and in Switzerland too, this cheese is known as Emmentaler, because it was first made during the fifteenth century in the Emmen Tal, a valley in Switzerland. Did you know that little of the Swiss cheese we eat in the United States actually comes from Switzerland? In an average year, some 60 million pounds of Swiss cheese are imported by the United States, but only about 11 percent of that cheese comes from Switzerland. Much of our imported Swiss comes from Finland and Denmark, and many other countries produce it, including the United States. The holes in Swiss cheese are caused by the mold cultures used to produce the cheese. Gases given off by the molds form small holes in the cheese, which enlarge as the cheese “rises” while curing. Swiss cheese is usually shipped in gigantic wheels. The average weight of one of these wheels is 160 pounds! Swiss cheese-makers once had to pay a highway tax. The tax was based on how many cheeses they carried, not the total weight of their cheese. So to save money, the Swiss made their cheese in huge wheels. Read More",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505221
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; \"What figurative \"\"curtain\"\" separated Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War?\"",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Seminar Content | Eastern Europe in Modern European History, an NEH Summer Seminar for School Teachers at NYU Made possible by the Seminar Content During the Cold War the division of Europe into two component halves, Western Europe and Eastern Europe, seemed so stark, so self-evident, and so likely to persist that it profoundly influenced the way that the continent was perceived and understood. This was notably true from the American perspective, since America was so closely associated with Western Europe during the Cold War, in military, economic, political, and cultural alliance against the Soviet bloc that constituted Eastern Europe. The image of the Iron Curtain from Churchill’s famous Fulton, Missouri, speech of 1946 provided the mental architecture for an entire postwar generation thinking about the nature of Europe divided, and led to a mental mapping in which Western Europe was presumed to be the better half (and of course it was “our” half in the Cold War) and Eastern Europe was understood to be lesser, less interesting, less welcoming, more alien, and more backward— the other and secondary component of the continent. At the same time the countries of Eastern Europe, with their dramatically different national traditions, were presumed to be homogenously all alike— colored communist grey on Western mental maps of Europe during the Cold War. It was Western Europe that was much more likely to be visited by Americans as vacation air travel became part of middle class life in the 1950s and 1960s, and the glorious sights of London, Paris, and Rome were much more likely to be part of an American’s actual touristic experience of Europe. One of the consequences of this world political ordering, which lasted for almost half a century from the end of World War II until the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, was a subtly partisan revision of the history of Europe, as it appeared especially in the synthetic textbooks of the second half of the twentieth century. Often focused on the “History of the West” or the “History of Western Civilization,” these synthetic histories did not synthesize evenly but with a strong western bias. The Italian Renaissance, the German Reformation, the French Revolution, the British Industrial Revolution: these all came clearly into focus. The Russian path was singled out for special contrasting attention. But a whole huge swath of Europe almost disappeared from the narrative of European history, with merely general references to issues of social and political backwardness. In high schools this was even more likely to be true than in colleges, in colleges than in graduate schools, but at every level Eastern Europe was neglected in general histories of the continent, while specialized studies, when they occurred, were grouped together under the general Cold War rubric of “Eastern Europe” and often framed and supported with reference to the exigencies of Cold War national security. Of course, the division of Europe into two geopolitical camps during the Cold War was real and meaningful, but it distorted perspectives on European history in two basic ways: first, by suggesting that Eastern Europe and Western Europe had entirely divergent histories even before the Cold War, and, second, by suggesting that all the lands and peoples of Eastern Europe were related by resemblance to one another in their past histories. This summer seminar will address these distortions head on, attempting to analyze the problems inherent in the historical categories “Western Europe” and “Eastern Europe,” considering different historical frameworks for rethinking the way that different parts of Europe have been related to each other in past centuries, and also exploring alternative political frameworks for rethinking what Europe looks like today in the post-Cold War twenty-first century. For school teachers, these issues come up whenever European history is taught and discussed at every grade level. In fact, they also come up as an issue of American history when the subject of immigration is taught and discusse",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
trivia_qa_1505222
|
[
{
"content": "Retrieve Wikipedia passages that answer the question; Who won Super Bowl XXV?",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "Super Bowl XXV Game Recap New York 20, Buffalo 19 SuperBowl.com wire reports Scott Norwood's potential game-winning field goal attempt sailed wide right. (AP) The NFC champion New York Giants won their second Super Bowl in five years with a 20-19 victory over AFC titlist Buffalo. New York, employing its ball-control offense, had possession for 40 minutes, 33 seconds, a Super Bowl record. The Bills, who scored 95 points in their previous two playoff games leading to Super Bowl XXV, had the ball for less than eight minutes in the second half and just 19:27 for the game. Fourteen of New York's 73 plays came on its initial drive of the third quarter, which covered 75 yards and consumed a Super Bowl-record 9:29 before running back Ottis Anderson ran one yard for a touchdown. Giants quarterback Jeff Hostetler kept the long drive going by converting three third-down plays – an 11-yard pass to running back David Meggett on third-and-eight, a 14-yard toss to wide receiver Mark Ingram on third-and-13, and a 9-yard pass to Howard Cross on third-and-four-to give New York a 17-12 lead in the third quarter. Buffalo jumped to a 12-3 lead midway through the second quarter before Hostetler completed a 14-yard scoring strike to wide receiver Stephen Baker to close the score to 12-10 at halftime. Buffalo's Thurman Thomas ran 31 yards for a touchdown on the opening play of the fourth quarter to help Buffalo recapture the lead 19-17. Matt Bahr's 21-yard field goal gave the Giants a 20-19 lead, but Buffalo's Scott Norwood had a chance to win the game with seconds remaining before his 47-yard field-goal attempt sailed wide right. Hostetler completed 20 of 32 passes for 222 yards and one touchdown. Anderson rushed 21 times for 102 yards and a touchdown to capture most-valuable-player honors. Thomas totaled 190 scrimmage yards, rushing 15 times for 135 yards and catching five passes for 55 yards. Information",
"role": "assistant"
}
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.